SHYFEM: Using model input from unstructured grid

from datetime import timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.readers.unstructured import shyfem
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift

o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20)  # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information

o.set_config('general:coastline_action', 'previous')

shyfem = shyfem.Reader('https://iws.ismar.cnr.it/thredds/dodsC/emerge/shyfem_unstructured_adriatic.nc')
o.add_reader(shyfem)
print(shyfem)

# Seed elements at defined positions, depth and time
N = 1000
z = -15*np.random.uniform(0, 1, N)
o.seed_elements(lon=12.4, lat=45.25, radius=1000, number=N,
                z=z, time=shyfem.start_time)

09:16:58 INFO    opendrift:569: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.9 / v1.14.9-61-g2d35ef6)
09:16:58 INFO    opendrift.readers.unstructured.shyfem:67: Opening dataset: https://iws.ismar.cnr.it/thredds/dodsC/emerge/shyfem_unstructured_adriatic.nc
09:16:58 INFO    opendrift.readers.unstructured.shyfem:72: Opening file with Dataset
09:16:59 INFO    opendrift.readers.unstructured.shyfem:77: Reading grid and coordinate variables..
===========================
Reader: https://iws.ismar.cnr.it/thredds/dodsC/emerge/shyfem_unstructured_adriatic.nc
Reader type: opendrift.readers.unstructured.shyfem
Projection:
  +proj=lonlat
Coverage: [degrees]
  xmin: 12.240470   xmax: 19.917908
  ymin: 39.957329   ymax: 45.799709
  Corners (lon, lat):
    ( 12.24,  45.80)  ( 19.92,  45.80)
    ( 12.24,  39.96)  ( 19.92,  39.96)
Vertical levels [m]:
  [-0.6000000238418579 -1.600000023841858 -2.5 -3.5 -4.5 -5.5 -7.0 -9.0
 -11.0 -13.0 -16.0 -21.0 -27.0 -34.0 -41.5 -50.0 -60.0 -72.5 -90.0 -110.0
 -135.0 -175.0 -225.0 -275.0 -350.0 -450.0 -550.0 -650.0 -750.0 -850.0
 -950.0 -1050.0 -1155.0]
Available time range:
  start: 2021-04-08 00:00:00   end: 2021-04-08 23:00:00   step: None
Variables:
  depth
  sea_water_salinity
  sea_water_temperature
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  x_sea_water_velocity
  y_sea_water_velocity
  water_surface_height_above_reference_datum
  sea_water_speed - derived from ['x_sea_water_velocity', 'y_sea_water_velocity']
===========================
 0:00:01.6  open dataset
 0:00:00.0  build index

09:17:00 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_wind: 0.000000
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_wind: 0.000000
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    horizontal_diffusivity: 0.000000
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000

Running model

o.run(time_step=1800, duration=timedelta(hours=12))

09:17:04 INFO    opendrift:1903: Skipping environment variable ocean_vertical_diffusivity because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift:1903: Skipping environment variable ocean_mixed_layer_thickness because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift:1914: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift:1914: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift:1922: Storing previous values of environment variable sea_surface_height because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', True]
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift:955: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift:986: All points are in ocean
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 00:00:00 - step 1 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:04 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 00:30:00 - step 2 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:05 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 01:00:00 - step 3 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:05 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 01:30:00 - step 4 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:05 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 02:00:00 - step 5 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:06 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 02:30:00 - step 6 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:06 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 03:00:00 - step 7 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:06 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 03:30:00 - step 8 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:07 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 04:00:00 - step 9 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:07 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 04:30:00 - step 10 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:08 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 05:00:00 - step 11 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:08 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 05:30:00 - step 12 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:08 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 06:00:00 - step 13 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:09 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 06:30:00 - step 14 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:09 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 07:00:00 - step 15 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:09 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 07:30:00 - step 16 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:10 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 08:00:00 - step 17 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:10 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 08:30:00 - step 18 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:10 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 09:00:00 - step 19 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:11 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 09:30:00 - step 20 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:11 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 10:00:00 - step 21 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:12 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 10:30:00 - step 22 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:12 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 11:00:00 - step 23 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:17:12 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2021-04-08 11:30:00 - step 24 of 24 - 1000 active elements (0 deactivated)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2MB
Dimensions:                                   (trajectory: 1000, time: 25)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                (trajectory) int64 8kB 0 1 ... 999
  * time                                      (time) datetime64[ns] 200B 2021...
Data variables: (12/22)
    status                                    (trajectory, time) float32 100kB ...
    moving                                    (trajectory, time) float32 100kB ...
    age_seconds                               (trajectory, time) float32 100kB ...
    origin_marker                             (trajectory, time) float32 100kB ...
    lon                                       (trajectory, time) float32 100kB ...
    lat                                       (trajectory, time) float32 100kB ...
    ...                                        ...
    horizontal_diffusivity                    (trajectory, time) float32 100kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_significant_height       (trajectory, time) float32 100kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 100kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 100kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level           (trajectory, time) float32 100kB ...
    land_binary_mask                          (trajectory, time) float32 100kB ...
Attributes: (12/121)
    Conventions:                                                           CF...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                              CF...
    featureType:                                                           tr...
    title:                                                                 Op...
    summary:                                                               Ou...
    keywords:                                                              tr...
    ...                                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                  de...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                             point
    runtime:                                                               0:...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                               -1...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                               -0...
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                          up

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • trajectory: 1000
  • time: 25
• Coordinates: (2)
  • trajectory
    (trajectory)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 ... 995 996 997 998 999

    cf_role :

    trajectory_id

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    array([  0,   1,   2, ..., 997, 998, 999], shape=(1000,))

  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2021-04-08 ... 2021-04-08T12:00:00

    standard_name :

    time

    long_name :

    time

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float64'>

    array(['2021-04-08T00:00:00.000000000', '2021-04-08T00:30:00.000000000',
           '2021-04-08T01:00:00.000000000', '2021-04-08T01:30:00.000000000',
           '2021-04-08T02:00:00.000000000', '2021-04-08T02:30:00.000000000',
           '2021-04-08T03:00:00.000000000', '2021-04-08T03:30:00.000000000',
           '2021-04-08T04:00:00.000000000', '2021-04-08T04:30:00.000000000',
           '2021-04-08T05:00:00.000000000', '2021-04-08T05:30:00.000000000',
           '2021-04-08T06:00:00.000000000', '2021-04-08T06:30:00.000000000',
           '2021-04-08T07:00:00.000000000', '2021-04-08T07:30:00.000000000',
           '2021-04-08T08:00:00.000000000', '2021-04-08T08:30:00.000000000',
           '2021-04-08T09:00:00.000000000', '2021-04-08T09:30:00.000000000',
           '2021-04-08T10:00:00.000000000', '2021-04-08T10:30:00.000000000',
           '2021-04-08T11:00:00.000000000', '2021-04-08T11:30:00.000000000',
           '2021-04-08T12:00:00.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (22)
  • status
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    valid_range :

    [0 0]

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    active

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • moving
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    minval :

    1

    maxval :

    1

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • age_seconds
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 1.8e+03 ... 4.14e+04 4.32e+04

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    43200.0

    array([[    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 39600., 41400., 43200.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 39600., 41400., 43200.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 39600., 41400., 43200.],
           ...,
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 39600., 41400., 43200.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 39600., 41400., 43200.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 39600., 41400., 43200.]],
          shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • origin_marker
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    unit :

    description :

    An integer kept constant during the simulation. Different values may be used for different seedings, to separate elements during analysis. With GUI, only a single seeding is possible.

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    Seed_0

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • lon
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    12.4 12.4 12.4 ... 12.43 12.43

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    long_name :

    longitude

    axis :

    X

    minval :

    12.361114

    maxval :

    12.489304

    array([[12.398705 , 12.399052 , 12.399113 , ..., 12.409139 , 12.410955 ,
            12.412699 ],
           [12.400246 , 12.4014225, 12.402439 , ..., 12.413182 , 12.414263 ,
            12.415417 ],
           [12.423557 , 12.423527 , 12.423201 , ..., 12.428978 , 12.430755 ,
            12.432454 ],
           ...,
           [12.389779 , 12.3918085, 12.393628 , ..., 12.405057 , 12.405723 ,
            12.406563 ],
           [12.402461 , 12.40337  , 12.404707 , ..., 12.415012 , 12.415353 ,
            12.415507 ],
           [12.416524 , 12.4177475, 12.418854 , ..., 12.429136 , 12.430381 ,
            12.431653 ]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    45.26 45.26 45.26 ... 45.27 45.27

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_north

    standard_name :

    latitude

    long_name :

    latitude

    axis :

    Y

    minval :

    45.13514

    maxval :

    45.300407

    array([[45.25901 , 45.25966 , 45.260582, ..., 45.28209 , 45.28249 ,
            45.28294 ],
           [45.255375, 45.25651 , 45.257736, ..., 45.27691 , 45.27775 ,
            45.27878 ],
           [45.24266 , 45.242645, 45.242912, ..., 45.25975 , 45.2601  ,
            45.260456],
           ...,
           [45.260887, 45.262608, 45.26421 , ..., 45.283756, 45.284794,
            45.28611 ],
           [45.239864, 45.238445, 45.23732 , ..., 45.21149 , 45.210308,
            45.20942 ],
           [45.241417, 45.24293 , 45.244488, ..., 45.268448, 45.269302,
            45.270386]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -8.232 -8.232 ... -10.16 -10.16

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    z

    long_name :

    vertical position

    axis :

    Z

    positive :

    up

    minval :

    -14.9971285

    maxval :

    -0.008189473

    array([[ -8.232203 ,  -8.232203 ,  -8.232203 , ...,  -8.232203 ,
             -8.232203 ,  -8.232203 ],
           [-10.72784  , -10.72784  , -10.72784  , ..., -10.72784  ,
            -10.72784  , -10.72784  ],
           [ -9.0414505,  -9.0414505,  -9.0414505, ...,  -9.0414505,
             -9.0414505,  -9.0414505],
           ...,
           [-14.07618  , -14.07618  , -14.07618  , ..., -14.07618  ,
            -14.07618  , -14.07618  ],
           [ -3.4296982,  -3.4296982,  -3.4296982, ...,  -3.4296982,
             -3.4296982,  -3.4296982],
           [-10.157117 , -10.157117 , -10.157117 , ..., -10.157117 ,
            -10.157117 , -10.157117 ]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • wind_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02 0.02 0.02 ... 0.02 0.02 0.02

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements at surface are moved with this fraction of the vind vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    0.02

    maxval :

    0.02

    array([[0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           ...,
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02]],
          shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • current_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements are moved with this fraction of the current vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • terminal_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m/s

    description :

    Terminal rise/sinking velocity (buoyancy) in the ocean column

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • x_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.01515 0.002654 ... 0.05543

    minval :

    -0.10723387

    maxval :

    0.26375517

    array([[ 0.01515285,  0.00265404,  0.00265404, ...,  0.07918445,
             0.0759594 ,  0.0759594 ],
           [ 0.05132063,  0.04434317,  0.04434317, ...,  0.04713302,
             0.05026814,  0.05026814],
           [-0.00131672, -0.01425477, -0.01425477, ...,  0.07743845,
             0.07413106,  0.07413106],
           ...,
           [ 0.0884788 ,  0.07933948,  0.07933948, ...,  0.02900716,
             0.03663308,  0.03663308],
           [ 0.03965937,  0.05832608,  0.05832608, ...,  0.01484669,
             0.00675354,  0.00675354],
           [ 0.0533787 ,  0.04825472,  0.04825472, ...,  0.05427128,
             0.0554307 ,  0.0554307 ]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • y_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.04011 0.05687 ... 0.06688 0.06688

    minval :

    -0.4730204

    maxval :

    0.16829665

    array([[ 0.04010602,  0.05687334,  0.05687334, ...,  0.02461386,
             0.02799827,  0.02799827],
           [ 0.07010206,  0.07561608,  0.07561608, ...,  0.05182489,
             0.0638679 ,  0.0638679 ],
           [-0.00086155,  0.01640027,  0.01640027, ...,  0.02172098,
             0.02182588,  0.02182588],
           ...,
           [ 0.10618947,  0.09893537,  0.09893537, ...,  0.06401072,
             0.08126521,  0.08126521],
           [-0.08757884, -0.06956163, -0.06956163, ..., -0.07289167,
            -0.05506663, -0.05506663],
           [ 0.09350038,  0.09608731,  0.09608731, ...,  0.0528497 ,
             0.06687663,  0.06687663]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • x_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • y_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • upward_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • horizontal_diffusivity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_significant_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    19.36 19.36 19.36 ... 20.63 20.63

    minval :

    14.503223

    maxval :

    25.324224

    array([[19.358644, 19.358644, 19.358644, ..., 19.478168, 19.478168,
            19.478168],
           [19.358644, 19.358644, 19.358644, ..., 19.478168, 19.478168,
            19.478168],
           [22.082964, 22.082964, 22.082964, ..., 20.93616 , 20.93616 ,
            20.93616 ],
           ...,
           [19.358644, 19.358644, 19.358644, ..., 18.175318, 18.175318,
            18.175318],
           [20.978903, 20.978903, 20.978903, ..., 22.043842, 22.043842,
            22.043842],
           [20.978903, 20.978903, 20.978903, ..., 20.634577, 20.634577,
            20.634577]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

  • land_binary_mask
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(1000, 25), dtype=float32)

• Indexes: (2)
  • trajectory
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([  0,   1,   2,   3,   4,   5,   6,   7,   8,   9,
           ...
           990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999],
          dtype='int64', name='trajectory', length=1000))

  • time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2021-04-08 00:00:00', '2021-04-08 00:30:00',
                   '2021-04-08 01:00:00', '2021-04-08 01:30:00',
                   '2021-04-08 02:00:00', '2021-04-08 02:30:00',
                   '2021-04-08 03:00:00', '2021-04-08 03:30:00',
                   '2021-04-08 04:00:00', '2021-04-08 04:30:00',
                   '2021-04-08 05:00:00', '2021-04-08 05:30:00',
                   '2021-04-08 06:00:00', '2021-04-08 06:30:00',
                   '2021-04-08 07:00:00', '2021-04-08 07:30:00',
                   '2021-04-08 08:00:00', '2021-04-08 08:30:00',
                   '2021-04-08 09:00:00', '2021-04-08 09:30:00',
                   '2021-04-08 10:00:00', '2021-04-08 10:30:00',
                   '2021-04-08 11:00:00', '2021-04-08 11:30:00',
                   '2021-04-08 12:00:00'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='time', freq='30min'))

• Attributes: (121)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.11, ACDD-1.3

  standard_name_vocabulary :

  CF Standard Name Table v85

  featureType :

  trajectory

  title :

  OpenDrift trajectory simulation

  summary :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift framework

  keywords :

  trajectory, drift, lagrangian, simulation

  history :

  Created 2026-06-05 09:17:04.411965

  date_created :

  2026-06-05T09:17:04.411976

  source :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift

  model_url :

  https://github.com/OpenDrift/opendrift

  opendrift_class :

  OceanDrift

  opendrift_module :

  opendrift.models.oceandrift

  readers :

  odict_keys(['https://iws.ismar.cnr.it/thredds/dodsC/emerge/shyfem_unstructured_adriatic.nc', 'global_landmask'])

  time_coverage_start :

  2021-04-08 00:00:00

  time_step_calculation :

  0:30:00

  time_step_output :

  0:30:00

  config_environment:constant:x_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:x_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:horizontal_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:horizontal_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  config_environment:constant:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  config_environment:constant:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_general:use_auto_landmask :

  True

  config_drift:current_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:current_uncertainty_uniform :

  0

  config_drift:max_speed :

  2.0

  config_readers:max_number_of_fails :

  1

  config_general:simulation_name :

  config_general:coastline_action :

  previous

  config_general:coastline_approximation_precision :

  0.001

  config_general:time_step_minutes :

  60

  config_general:time_step_output_minutes :

  None

  config_seed:ocean_only :

  True

  config_seed:number :

  1

  config_drift:max_age_seconds :

  None

  config_drift:advection_scheme :

  euler

  config_drift:profiles_depth :

  50

  config_drift:wind_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:relative_wind :

  False

  config_drift:deactivate_north_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_south_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_east_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_west_of :

  None

  config_seed:origin_marker :

  0

  config_seed:z :

  0

  config_seed:wind_drift_factor :

  0.02

  config_seed:current_drift_factor :

  1

  config_seed:terminal_velocity :

  0.0

  config_drift:vertical_advection :

  True

  config_drift:vertical_advection_at_surface :

  False

  config_drift:water_column_stretching :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_correction :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing_at_surface :

  False

  config_vertical_mixing:timestep :

  60

  config_vertical_mixing:diffusivitymodel :

  environment

  config_vertical_mixing:background_diffusivity :

  1.2e-05

  config_vertical_mixing:TSprofiles :

  False

  config_drift:wind_drift_depth :

  0.1

  config_drift:stokes_drift :

  True

  config_drift:stokes_drift_profile :

  Phillips

  config_drift:use_tabularised_stokes_drift :

  False

  config_drift:tabularised_stokes_drift_fetch :

  25000

  config_general:seafloor_action :

  lift_to_seafloor

  config_drift:truncate_ocean_model_below_m :

  None

  config_seed:seafloor :

  False

  opendrift_version :

  1.14.9

  seed_geojson :

  {"features": [], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

  simulation_time :

  2026-06-05 09:17:04.424623

  reader_x_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://iws.ismar.cnr.it/thredds/dodsC/emerge/shyfem_unstructured_adriatic.nc']

  reader_y_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://iws.ismar.cnr.it/thredds/dodsC/emerge/shyfem_unstructured_adriatic.nc']

  reader_sea_surface_height :

  0

  reader_x_wind :

  0

  reader_y_wind :

  0

  reader_upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  reader_horizontal_diffusivity :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  ['https://iws.ismar.cnr.it/thredds/dodsC/emerge/shyfem_unstructured_adriatic.nc']

  reader_land_binary_mask :

  ['global_landmask']

  time_coverage_end :

  2021-04-08 12:00:00

  time_coverage_duration :

  P0DT12H0M0S

  time_coverage_resolution :

  P0DT0H30M0S

  performance :

  -------------------- Reader performance: -------------------- https://iws.ismar.cnr.it/thredds/dodsC/emerge/shyfem_unstructured_adriatic.nc 0:00:01.6 open dataset 0:00:00.0 build index 0:00:08.2 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:08.2 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- global_landmask 0:00:00.0 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.0 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- Performance: 14.7 total time 5.8 configuration 0.0 preparing main loop 0.0 moving elements to ocean 8.8 main loop 0.0 updating elements 0.0 cleaning up --------------------

  geospatial_bounds_crs :

  EPSG:4326

  geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs :

  EPSG:5831

  geospatial_lat_min :

  45.13514

  geospatial_lat_max :

  45.300407

  geospatial_lat_units :

  degrees_north

  geospatial_lat_resolution :

  point

  geospatial_lon_min :

  12.361114

  geospatial_lon_max :

  12.489304

  geospatial_lon_units :

  degrees_east

  geospatial_lon_resolution :

  point

  runtime :

  0:00:14.760307

  geospatial_vertical_min :

  -14.9971285

  geospatial_vertical_max :

  -0.008189473

  geospatial_vertical_positive :

  up

Print and plot results

print(o)

===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
https://iws.ismar.cnr.it/thredds/dodsC/emerge/shyfem_unstructured_adriatic.nc
 0:00:01.6  open dataset
 0:00:00.0  build index
 0:00:08.2  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:08.2  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
global_landmask
 0:00:00.0  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:00.0  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
Performance:
   14.7 total time
    5.8 configuration
    0.0 preparing main loop
      0.0 moving elements to ocean
    8.8 main loop
      0.0 updating elements
    0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.9)
        1000 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  x_sea_water_velocity
  y_sea_water_velocity
     1) https://iws.ismar.cnr.it/thredds/dodsC/emerge/shyfem_unstructured_adriatic.nc
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  horizontal_diffusivity
  sea_surface_height
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_wind

Discarded readers:

Time:
        Start: 2021-04-08 00:00:00 UTC
        Present: 2021-04-08 12:00:00 UTC
        Calculation steps: 24 * 0:30:00 - total time: 12:00:00
        Output steps: 25 * 0:30:00
===========================

Animations

o.animation(color='z', markersize=5, corners=[12.2, 12.6, 45.1, 45.5])

o.animation_profile(color='z', markersize=5)

09:17:22 INFO    opendrift:4777: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_shyfem_0.gif...
09:17:39 INFO    opendrift:3200: Time to make animation: 0:00:26.129901
09:17:39 INFO    opendrift:4777: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_shyfem_1.gif...
09:17:44 INFO    opendrift:3416: Time to make animation: 0:00:04.599578

o.plot(fast=True, buffer = 1., corners=[12.2, 12.6, 45.1, 45.5])

09:17:44 WARNING opendrift:2574: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.

(<GeoAxes: title={'center': 'OpenDrift - OceanDrift\n2021-04-08 00:00 to 2021-04-08 12:00 UTC (25 steps)'}>, <Figure size 773.734x1100 with 1 Axes>)