Drift at different depths

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift

o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20)  # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information

16:15:58 INFO    opendrift:569: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.10 / v1.14.10-37-gd24556f)

Using live data from Thredds

o.add_readers_from_list([
    'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be'])

Adding some diffusion

o.set_config('environment:constant:horizontal_diffusivity', 10)  # m2/s

Seed 1000 elements at random depths

z = -np.random.rand(2000)*50
o.seed_elements(lon=4.8, lat=60.0, z=z, radius=0, number=2000,
                time=datetime.now())

print(o)

16:15:58 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_wind: 0.000000
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_wind: 0.000000
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.10)
        0 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 2000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  horizontal_diffusivity
     1) constant_reader
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
  ocean_vertical_diffusivity
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
  LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be

Discarded readers:
===========================

Running model

o.run(duration=timedelta(hours=24), time_step=1800)

16:16:05 INFO    opendrift:1903: Skipping environment variable ocean_vertical_diffusivity because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift:1903: Skipping environment variable ocean_mixed_layer_thickness because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift:1914: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift:1914: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift:1922: Storing previous values of environment variable sea_surface_height because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', True]
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift:955: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift:986: All points are in ocean
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-21 16:15:58.617885 - step 1 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:05 INFO    opendrift.readers:67: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
16:16:10 INFO    opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:340: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
16:16:10 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
16:16:10 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
16:16:10 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
16:16:10 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
16:16:18 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-21 16:45:58.617885 - step 2 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:18 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-21 17:15:58.617885 - step 3 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:20 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-21 17:45:58.617885 - step 4 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:20 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-21 18:15:58.617885 - step 5 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:23 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-21 18:45:58.617885 - step 6 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:23 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-21 19:15:58.617885 - step 7 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:24 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-21 19:45:58.617885 - step 8 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:24 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-21 20:15:58.617885 - step 9 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:26 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-21 20:45:58.617885 - step 10 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:26 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-21 21:15:58.617885 - step 11 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:28 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-21 21:45:58.617885 - step 12 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:28 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-21 22:15:58.617885 - step 13 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:31 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-21 22:45:58.617885 - step 14 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:31 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-21 23:15:58.617885 - step 15 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:33 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-21 23:45:58.617885 - step 16 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:33 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 00:15:58.617885 - step 17 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:35 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 00:45:58.617885 - step 18 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:35 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 01:15:58.617885 - step 19 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:36 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 01:45:58.617885 - step 20 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:36 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 02:15:58.617885 - step 21 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:39 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 02:45:58.617885 - step 22 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:39 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 03:15:58.617885 - step 23 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:42 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 03:45:58.617885 - step 24 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:42 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 04:15:58.617885 - step 25 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:44 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 04:45:58.617885 - step 26 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:44 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 05:15:58.617885 - step 27 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:47 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 05:45:58.617885 - step 28 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:47 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 06:15:58.617885 - step 29 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:49 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 06:45:58.617885 - step 30 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:49 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 07:15:58.617885 - step 31 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:54 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 07:45:58.617885 - step 32 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:16:54 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 08:15:58.617885 - step 33 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:17:04 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 08:45:58.617885 - step 34 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:17:04 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 09:15:58.617885 - step 35 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:17:06 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 09:45:58.617885 - step 36 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:17:06 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 10:15:58.617885 - step 37 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:17:08 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 10:45:58.617885 - step 38 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:17:09 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 11:15:58.617885 - step 39 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:17:10 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 11:45:58.617885 - step 40 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:17:10 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 12:15:58.617885 - step 41 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:17:16 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 12:45:58.617885 - step 42 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:17:16 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 13:15:58.617885 - step 43 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:17:18 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 13:45:58.617885 - step 44 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:17:18 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 14:15:58.617885 - step 45 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:17:19 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 14:45:58.617885 - step 46 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:17:19 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 15:15:58.617885 - step 47 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:17:23 INFO    opendrift:2213: 2026-08-22 15:45:58.617885 - step 48 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 9MB
Dimensions:                                   (trajectory: 2000, time: 49)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                (trajectory) int64 16kB 0 ... 1999
  * time                                      (time) datetime64[ns] 392B 2026...
Data variables: (12/22)
    status                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    moving                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    age_seconds                               (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    origin_marker                             (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lon                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lat                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    ...                                        ...
    horizontal_diffusivity                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_significant_height       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level           (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    land_binary_mask                          (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
Attributes: (12/121)
    Conventions:                                                           CF...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                              CF...
    featureType:                                                           tr...
    title:                                                                 Op...
    summary:                                                               Ou...
    keywords:                                                              tr...
    ...                                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                  de...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                             point
    runtime:                                                               0:...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                               -5...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                               -0...
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                          up

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • trajectory: 2000
  • time: 49
• Coordinates: (2)
  • trajectory
    (trajectory)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 ... 1996 1997 1998 1999

    cf_role :

    trajectory_id

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    array([   0,    1,    2, ..., 1997, 1998, 1999], shape=(2000,))

  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2026-08-21T16:15:58.617885 ... 2...

    standard_name :

    time

    long_name :

    time

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float64'>

    array(['2026-08-21T16:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-21T16:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-21T17:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-21T17:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-21T18:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-21T18:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-21T19:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-21T19:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-21T20:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-21T20:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-21T21:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-21T21:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-21T22:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-21T22:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-21T23:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-21T23:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T00:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-22T00:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T01:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-22T01:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T02:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-22T02:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T03:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-22T03:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T04:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-22T04:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T05:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-22T05:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T06:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-22T06:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T07:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-22T07:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T08:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-22T08:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T09:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-22T09:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T10:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-22T10:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T11:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-22T11:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T12:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-22T12:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T13:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-22T13:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T14:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-22T14:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T15:15:58.617885000', '2026-08-22T15:45:58.617885000',
           '2026-08-22T16:15:58.617885000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (22)
  • status
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    valid_range :

    [0 0]

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    active

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • moving
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    minval :

    1

    maxval :

    1

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • age_seconds
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 1.8e+03 ... 8.46e+04 8.64e+04

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    86400.0

    array([[    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           ...,
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • origin_marker
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    unit :

    description :

    An integer kept constant during the simulation. Different values may be used for different seedings, to separate elements during analysis. With GUI, only a single seeding is possible.

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    Seed_0

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lon
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    4.8 4.801 4.802 ... 4.722 4.723

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    long_name :

    longitude

    axis :

    X

    minval :

    4.6371775

    maxval :

    4.856646

    array([[4.8      , 4.8007693, 4.8015246, ..., 4.750486 , 4.747213 ,
            4.7480493],
           [4.8      , 4.8064165, 4.8059936, ..., 4.7359424, 4.7346654,
            4.734237 ],
           [4.8      , 4.795704 , 4.803087 , ..., 4.7232513, 4.7237453,
            4.7220955],
           ...,
           [4.8      , 4.8029075, 4.8042183, ..., 4.771848 , 4.7792354,
            4.779347 ],
           [4.8      , 4.7953167, 4.7928925, ..., 4.7496805, 4.746822 ,
            4.7409153],
           [4.8      , 4.8034997, 4.804329 , ..., 4.7232437, 4.722346 ,
            4.7227626]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    60.0 60.0 60.0 ... 60.19 60.19

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_north

    standard_name :

    latitude

    long_name :

    latitude

    axis :

    Y

    minval :

    59.994762

    maxval :

    60.23639

    array([[60.      , 60.003746, 60.00432 , ..., 60.185993, 60.1902  ,
            60.192665],
           [60.      , 60.006676, 60.01352 , ..., 60.182228, 60.18668 ,
            60.19284 ],
           [60.      , 60.005592, 60.008698, ..., 60.168617, 60.17425 ,
            60.180412],
           ...,
           [60.      , 60.001984, 60.005962, ..., 60.184673, 60.188194,
            60.19152 ],
           [60.      , 60.00338 , 60.0099  , ..., 60.194813, 60.201263,
            60.20539 ],
           [60.      , 60.001472, 60.007633, ..., 60.18    , 60.186977,
            60.19309 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -27.44 -27.2 ... -29.99 -29.72

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    z

    long_name :

    vertical position

    axis :

    Z

    positive :

    up

    minval :

    -52.029606

    maxval :

    -0.018367188

    array([[-27.440676, -27.20129 , -27.170992, ..., -29.9896  , -29.711115,
            -29.331182],
           [-35.759468, -35.62877 , -35.64581 , ..., -37.90428 , -37.70219 ,
            -37.37533 ],
           [-30.138168, -29.934027, -29.7766  , ..., -34.627888, -34.622147,
            -34.49627 ],
           ...,
           [-24.00539 , -23.747593, -23.716738, ..., -27.782745, -27.49625 ,
            -27.013447],
           [-32.193203, -32.01591 , -31.822994, ..., -35.107002, -34.79876 ,
            -34.45396 ],
           [-25.088657, -24.818542, -24.784706, ..., -30.086885, -29.992714,
            -29.717054]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • wind_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02 0.02 0.02 ... 0.02 0.02 0.02

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements at surface are moved with this fraction of the vind vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    0.02

    maxval :

    0.02

    array([[0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           ...,
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • current_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements are moved with this fraction of the current vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • terminal_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m/s

    description :

    Terminal rise/sinking velocity (buoyancy) in the ocean column

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.03491 0.03195 ... -0.05824

    minval :

    -0.16699731

    maxval :

    0.0890965

    array([[ 0.0349083 ,  0.03194553,  0.03249295, ..., -0.05334178,
            -0.05137518, -0.05137518],
           [ 0.05472914,  0.0422025 ,  0.03020713, ..., -0.04070712,
            -0.03510908, -0.03510908],
           [ 0.0413355 ,  0.03504043,  0.03157784, ..., -0.05775693,
            -0.04769867, -0.04769867],
           ...,
           [ 0.02223375,  0.0207694 ,  0.01930247, ..., -0.05155033,
            -0.04889848, -0.04889848],
           [ 0.04623195,  0.04138641,  0.03559837, ..., -0.04793873,
            -0.04588225, -0.04588225],
           [ 0.02930425,  0.0284058 ,  0.02403738, ..., -0.06393114,
            -0.05823983, -0.05823983]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.2001 0.1896 ... 0.2941 0.2941

    minval :

    0.028759267

    maxval :

    0.353976

    array([[0.2001073 , 0.18959306, 0.17983021, ..., 0.29881483, 0.2846253 ,
            0.2846253 ],
           [0.19082381, 0.18043134, 0.1692881 , ..., 0.2950931 , 0.27884462,
            0.27884462],
           [0.19709699, 0.18169321, 0.17711683, ..., 0.29425806, 0.28700367,
            0.28700367],
           ...,
           [0.2009907 , 0.19175017, 0.18363251, ..., 0.26797307, 0.23504874,
            0.23504874],
           [0.19480364, 0.17895205, 0.16480011, ..., 0.27814537, 0.2587993 ,
            0.2587993 ],
           [0.20273207, 0.19372883, 0.18631005, ..., 0.30703342, 0.29409257,
            0.29409257]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.2324 -0.2464 ... -0.2818 -0.2818

    minval :

    -0.5191056

    maxval :

    -0.22103149

    array([[-0.23239489, -0.24637792, -0.26707792, ..., -0.29937288,
            -0.2759334 , -0.2759334 ],
           [-0.23239489, -0.24540211, -0.26630938, ..., -0.3029069 ,
            -0.2789291 , -0.2789291 ],
           [-0.23239489, -0.24719353, -0.26679245, ..., -0.30878   ,
            -0.2835694 , -0.2835694 ],
           ...,
           [-0.23239489, -0.24606721, -0.2666423 , ..., -0.29545894,
            -0.27064016, -0.27064016],
           [-0.23239489, -0.24731086, -0.26836967, ..., -0.2986858 ,
            -0.27476463, -0.27476463],
           [-0.23239489, -0.24597847, -0.2666091 , ..., -0.30646548,
            -0.28182817, -0.28182817]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    6.227 6.255 6.207 ... 4.334 4.334

    minval :

    3.9935215

    maxval :

    6.2852798

    array([[6.2268806, 6.254611 , 6.206844 , ..., 4.5969324, 4.23401  ,
            4.23401  ],
           [6.2268806, 6.2468734, 6.2022166, ..., 4.7124076, 4.2963047,
            4.2963047],
           [6.2268806, 6.2640524, 6.202964 , ..., 4.893309 , 4.4010825,
            4.4010825],
           ...,
           [6.2268806, 6.2529955, 6.203766 , ..., 4.4947114, 4.138331 ,
            4.138331 ],
           [6.2268806, 6.2672663, 6.2212696, ..., 4.52528  , 4.173092 ,
            4.173092 ],
           [6.2268806, 6.2521834, 6.2034636, ..., 4.804419 , 4.3342757,
            4.3342757]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -8.988 -9.169 ... -10.89 -10.89

    minval :

    -11.788113

    maxval :

    -8.988451

    array([[ -8.988451 ,  -9.168541 ,  -9.350887 , ..., -11.006396 ,
            -10.939256 , -10.939256 ],
           [ -8.988451 ,  -9.1596985,  -9.335909 , ..., -10.993738 ,
            -10.916053 , -10.916053 ],
           [ -8.988451 ,  -9.175261 ,  -9.343541 , ..., -11.025943 ,
            -10.904375 , -10.904375 ],
           ...,
           [ -8.988451 ,  -9.166933 ,  -9.345274 , ..., -11.041927 ,
            -10.97785  , -10.97785  ],
           [ -8.988451 ,  -9.178089 ,  -9.359799 , ..., -10.993361 ,
            -10.934125 , -10.934125 ],
           [ -8.988451 ,  -9.166345 ,  -9.343514 , ..., -10.986022 ,
            -10.892057 , -10.892057 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • upward_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.000133 1.683e-05 ... 0.0001531

    minval :

    -0.0004645932

    maxval :

    0.00030601615

    array([[ 1.3299192e-04,  1.6832342e-05, -3.8627411e-05, ...,
             1.5471379e-04,  2.1107333e-04,  2.1107333e-04],
           [ 7.2610368e-05, -9.4677271e-06, -1.6585620e-05, ...,
             1.1227293e-04,  1.8158743e-04,  1.8158743e-04],
           [ 1.1341230e-04,  8.7459237e-05, -6.4889209e-05, ...,
             3.1899858e-06,  6.9931259e-05,  6.9931259e-05],
           ...,
           [ 1.4322028e-04,  1.7141458e-05, -9.8959084e-05, ...,
             1.5916360e-04,  2.6822442e-04,  2.6822442e-04],
           [ 9.8495933e-05,  1.0717569e-04,  5.0811839e-05, ...,
             1.7124522e-04,  1.9155543e-04,  1.9155543e-04],
           [ 1.5006393e-04,  1.8797640e-05, -1.1201910e-04, ...,
             5.2317901e-05,  1.5314456e-04,  1.5314456e-04]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • horizontal_diffusivity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    10.0 10.0 10.0 ... 10.0 10.0 10.0

    minval :

    10.0

    maxval :

    10.0

    array([[10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           ...,
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_significant_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    2.941 3.03 3.099 ... 3.381 3.381

    minval :

    2.9413304

    maxval :

    4.2026277

    array([[2.9413304, 3.0302844, 3.0987144, ..., 3.4999046, 3.384816 ,
            3.384816 ],
           [2.9413304, 3.0239184, 3.0904164, ..., 3.5194988, 3.3854134,
            3.3854134],
           [2.9413304, 3.0362246, 3.0941515, ..., 3.579691 , 3.4015625,
            3.4015625],
           ...,
           [2.9413304, 3.0290623, 3.095193 , ..., 3.4963136, 3.3859186,
            3.3859186],
           [2.9413304, 3.038492 , 3.107227 , ..., 3.4767709, 3.3694568,
            3.3694568],
           [2.9413304, 3.0285468, 3.094292 , ..., 3.5368676, 3.3806024,
            3.3806024]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    275.7 274.3 274.0 ... 309.4 309.4

    minval :

    227.23753

    maxval :

    333.8499

    array([[275.67816, 274.30264, 273.96875, ..., 298.38187, 297.30267,
            297.30267],
           [275.67816, 272.6432 , 272.96118, ..., 307.74466, 304.8517 ,
            304.8517 ],
           [275.67816, 274.81082, 273.17908, ..., 322.98938, 318.76517,
            318.76517],
           ...,
           [275.67816, 274.43607, 273.00458, ..., 288.12415, 282.35364,
            282.35364],
           [275.67816, 275.49307, 274.8759 , ..., 293.99924, 293.00565,
            293.00565],
           [275.67816, 274.4906 , 272.97134, ..., 314.39526, 309.3954 ,
            309.3954 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • land_binary_mask
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

• Attributes: (121)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.11, ACDD-1.3

  standard_name_vocabulary :

  CF Standard Name Table v85

  featureType :

  trajectory

  title :

  OpenDrift trajectory simulation

  summary :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift framework

  keywords :

  trajectory, drift, lagrangian, simulation

  history :

  Created 2026-08-21 16:16:05.307839

  date_created :

  2026-08-21T16:16:05.307851

  source :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift

  model_url :

  https://github.com/OpenDrift/opendrift

  opendrift_class :

  OceanDrift

  opendrift_module :

  opendrift.models.oceandrift

  readers :

  odict_keys(['LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'constant_reader', 'global_landmask'])

  time_coverage_start :

  2026-08-21 16:15:58.617885

  time_step_calculation :

  0:30:00

  time_step_output :

  0:30:00

  config_environment:constant:x_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:x_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:horizontal_diffusivity :

  10.0

  config_environment:fallback:horizontal_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  config_environment:constant:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  config_environment:constant:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_general:use_auto_landmask :

  True

  config_drift:current_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:current_uncertainty_uniform :

  0

  config_drift:max_speed :

  2.0

  config_readers:max_number_of_fails :

  1

  config_general:simulation_name :

  config_general:coastline_action :

  stranding

  config_general:coastline_approximation_precision :

  0.001

  config_general:time_step_minutes :

  60

  config_general:time_step_output_minutes :

  None

  config_seed:ocean_only :

  True

  config_seed:number :

  1

  config_drift:max_age_seconds :

  None

  config_drift:advection_scheme :

  euler

  config_drift:profiles_depth :

  50

  config_drift:wind_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:relative_wind :

  False

  config_drift:deactivate_north_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_south_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_east_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_west_of :

  None

  config_seed:origin_marker :

  0

  config_seed:z :

  0

  config_seed:wind_drift_factor :

  0.02

  config_seed:current_drift_factor :

  1

  config_seed:terminal_velocity :

  0.0

  config_drift:vertical_advection :

  True

  config_drift:vertical_advection_at_surface :

  False

  config_drift:water_column_stretching :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_correction :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing_at_surface :

  False

  config_vertical_mixing:timestep :

  60

  config_vertical_mixing:diffusivitymodel :

  environment

  config_vertical_mixing:background_diffusivity :

  1.2e-05

  config_vertical_mixing:TSprofiles :

  False

  config_drift:wind_drift_depth :

  0.1

  config_drift:stokes_drift :

  True

  config_drift:stokes_drift_profile :

  Phillips

  config_drift:use_tabularised_stokes_drift :

  False

  config_drift:tabularised_stokes_drift_fetch :

  25000

  config_general:seafloor_action :

  lift_to_seafloor

  config_drift:truncate_ocean_model_below_m :

  None

  config_seed:seafloor :

  False

  opendrift_version :

  1.14.10

  seed_geojson :

  {"features": [], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

  simulation_time :

  2026-08-21 16:16:05.599862

  reader_x_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_sea_surface_height :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_x_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_upward_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_horizontal_diffusivity :

  10.0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_land_binary_mask :

  ['global_landmask']

  time_coverage_end :

  2026-08-22 16:15:58.617885

  time_coverage_duration :

  P1DT0H0M0S

  time_coverage_resolution :

  P0DT0H30M0S

  performance :

  -------------------- Reader performance: -------------------- constant_reader 0:00:00.0 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.0 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- global_landmask 0:00:00.0 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.0 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be 0:01:10.8 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:01:10.3 reading 0:00:00.8 interpolation 0:00:00.0 interpolation_time 0:00:00.4 rotating vectors 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- Performance: 1:24.8 total time 6.7 configuration 0.2 preparing main loop 0.0 moving elements to ocean 1:17.8 main loop 0.0 updating elements 0.0 cleaning up --------------------

  geospatial_bounds_crs :

  EPSG:4326

  geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs :

  EPSG:5831

  geospatial_lat_min :

  59.994762

  geospatial_lat_max :

  60.23639

  geospatial_lat_units :

  degrees_north

  geospatial_lat_resolution :

  point

  geospatial_lon_min :

  4.6371775

  geospatial_lon_max :

  4.856646

  geospatial_lon_units :

  degrees_east

  geospatial_lon_resolution :

  point

  runtime :

  0:01:24.832209

  geospatial_vertical_min :

  -52.029606

  geospatial_vertical_max :

  -0.018367188

  geospatial_vertical_positive :

  up

Plot results with lines and particles colored by depth

print(o)
o.plot(linecolor='z', buffer=.1, show_elements=False)
o.animation(color='z', buffer=.1)

===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
constant_reader
 0:00:00.0  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:00.0  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
global_landmask
 0:00:00.0  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:00.0  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
 0:01:10.8  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:01:10.3  reading
 0:00:00.8  interpolation
 0:00:00.0  interpolation_time
 0:00:00.4  rotating vectors
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
Performance:
 1:24.8 total time
    6.7 configuration
    0.2 preparing main loop
      0.0 moving elements to ocean
 1:17.8 main loop
      0.0 updating elements
    0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.10)
        2000 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  horizontal_diffusivity
     1) constant_reader
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
     1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity

Discarded readers:

Time:
        Start: 2026-08-21 16:15:58.617885 UTC
        Present: 2026-08-22 16:15:58.617885 UTC
        Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
        Output steps: 49 * 0:30:00
===========================

16:18:28 INFO    opendrift:4799: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_depth_0.gif...
16:18:45 INFO    opendrift:3217: Time to make animation: 0:00:19.322731