Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
Drift at different depths
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift
o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20) # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information
16:14:15 INFO opendrift:576: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.6 / v1.14.6-23-g72ef044)
Using live data from Thredds
o.add_readers_from_list([
'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be'])
Adding some diffusion
o.set_config('drift:horizontal_diffusivity', 10) # m2/s
Seed 1000 elements at random depths
z = -np.random.rand(2000)*50
o.seed_elements(lon=4.8, lat=60.0, z=z, radius=0, number=2000,
time=datetime.now())
print(o)
16:14:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
16:14:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
16:14:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: x_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
16:14:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
16:14:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_height: 0.000000
16:14:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: x_wind: 0.000000
16:14:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: y_wind: 0.000000
16:14:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
16:14:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
16:14:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
16:14:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
16:14:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
16:14:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
16:14:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
===========================
Model: OceanDrift (OpenDrift version 1.14.6)
0 active Lagrangian3DArray particles (0 deactivated, 2000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_surface_height
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
upward_sea_water_velocity
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
Discarded readers:
===========================
Running model
o.run(duration=timedelta(hours=24), time_step=1800)
16:14:19 INFO opendrift:1803: Skipping environment variable ocean_vertical_diffusivity because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
16:14:19 INFO opendrift:1803: Skipping environment variable ocean_mixed_layer_thickness because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
16:14:19 INFO opendrift:1814: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
16:14:19 INFO opendrift:1814: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
16:14:19 INFO opendrift:1822: Storing previous values of environment variable sea_surface_height because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', True]
16:14:19 INFO opendrift:952: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
16:14:19 INFO opendrift:982: All points are in ocean
16:14:19 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-27 16:14:15.057131 - step 1 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:19 INFO opendrift.readers:63: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
16:14:20 INFO opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:332: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
16:14:20 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
16:14:20 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
16:14:20 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
16:14:20 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
16:14:22 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-27 16:44:15.057131 - step 2 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:22 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-27 17:14:15.057131 - step 3 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:24 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-27 17:44:15.057131 - step 4 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:24 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-27 18:14:15.057131 - step 5 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:25 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-27 18:44:15.057131 - step 6 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:25 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-27 19:14:15.057131 - step 7 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:26 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-27 19:44:15.057131 - step 8 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:26 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-27 20:14:15.057131 - step 9 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:28 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-27 20:44:15.057131 - step 10 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:28 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-27 21:14:15.057131 - step 11 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:29 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-27 21:44:15.057131 - step 12 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:29 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-27 22:14:15.057131 - step 13 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:30 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-27 22:44:15.057131 - step 14 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:30 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-27 23:14:15.057131 - step 15 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:32 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-27 23:44:15.057131 - step 16 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:32 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 00:14:15.057131 - step 17 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:33 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 00:44:15.057131 - step 18 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:33 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 01:14:15.057131 - step 19 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:34 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 01:44:15.057131 - step 20 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:34 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 02:14:15.057131 - step 21 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:36 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 02:44:15.057131 - step 22 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:36 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 03:14:15.057131 - step 23 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:37 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 03:44:15.057131 - step 24 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:37 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 04:14:15.057131 - step 25 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:39 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 04:44:15.057131 - step 26 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:39 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 05:14:15.057131 - step 27 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:40 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 05:44:15.057131 - step 28 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:40 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 06:14:15.057131 - step 29 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:42 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 06:44:15.057131 - step 30 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:42 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 07:14:15.057131 - step 31 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:43 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 07:44:15.057131 - step 32 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:43 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 08:14:15.057131 - step 33 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:45 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 08:44:15.057131 - step 34 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:45 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 09:14:15.057131 - step 35 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:46 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 09:44:15.057131 - step 36 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:48 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 10:14:15.057131 - step 37 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:49 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 10:44:15.057131 - step 38 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
16:14:51 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 11:14:15.057131 - step 39 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
16:14:52 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 11:44:15.057131 - step 40 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
16:14:52 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 12:14:15.057131 - step 41 of 48 - 1998 active elements (2 deactivated)
16:14:54 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 12:44:15.057131 - step 42 of 48 - 1998 active elements (2 deactivated)
16:14:54 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 13:14:15.057131 - step 43 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
16:14:57 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 13:44:15.057131 - step 44 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
16:14:57 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 14:14:15.057131 - step 45 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
16:14:58 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 14:44:15.057131 - step 46 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
16:14:58 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 15:14:15.057131 - step 47 of 48 - 1992 active elements (8 deactivated)
16:14:59 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-11-28 15:44:15.057131 - step 48 of 48 - 1986 active elements (14 deactivated)
Plot results with lines and particles colored by depth
print(o)
o.plot(linecolor='z', buffer=.1, show_elements=False)
o.animation(color='z', buffer=.1)
===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
global_landmask
0:00:01.6 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:01.6 reading
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
0:00:34.5 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:34.1 reading
0:00:00.9 interpolation
0:00:00.0 interpolation_time
0:00:00.4 rotating vectors
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
Performance:
44.9 total time
4.0 configuration
0.0 preparing main loop
0.0 moving elements to ocean
40.8 main loop
0.1 updating elements
0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model: OceanDrift (OpenDrift version 1.14.6)
1974 active Lagrangian3DArray particles (26 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_surface_height
upward_sea_water_velocity
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
Discarded readers:
Time:
Start: 2025-11-27 16:14:15.057131 UTC
Present: 2025-11-28 16:14:15.057131 UTC
Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
Output steps: 49 * 0:30:00
===========================
16:15:57 INFO opendrift:4651: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_depth_0.gif...
16:16:25 INFO opendrift:3086: Time to make animation: 0:00:29.190259
Total running time of the script: (2 minutes 18.657 seconds)