Drift at different depths

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift

o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20)  # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information

13:16:16 INFO    opendrift:576: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.8 / v1.14.8-4-g48afd36)

Using live data from Thredds

o.add_readers_from_list([
    'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be'])

Adding some diffusion

o.set_config('drift:horizontal_diffusivity', 10)  # m2/s

Seed 1000 elements at random depths

z = -np.random.rand(2000)*50
o.seed_elements(lon=4.8, lat=60.0, z=z, radius=0, number=2000,
                time=datetime.now())

print(o)

13:16:16 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_wind: 0.000000
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_wind: 0.000000
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.8)
        0 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 2000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
  ocean_vertical_diffusivity
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
  LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be

Discarded readers:
===========================

Running model

o.run(duration=timedelta(hours=24), time_step=1800)

13:16:20 INFO    opendrift:1810: Skipping environment variable ocean_vertical_diffusivity because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift:1810: Skipping environment variable ocean_mixed_layer_thickness because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift:1821: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift:1821: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift:1829: Storing previous values of environment variable sea_surface_height because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', True]
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift:952: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift:982: All points are in ocean
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 13:16:16.726551 - step 1 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:20 INFO    opendrift.readers:63: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
13:16:22 INFO    opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:332: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
13:16:22 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
13:16:22 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
13:16:22 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
13:16:22 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
13:16:25 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 13:46:16.726551 - step 2 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:25 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 14:16:16.726551 - step 3 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:26 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 14:46:16.726551 - step 4 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:27 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 15:16:16.726551 - step 5 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:28 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 15:46:16.726551 - step 6 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:28 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 16:16:16.726551 - step 7 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:30 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 16:46:16.726551 - step 8 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:30 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 17:16:16.726551 - step 9 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:32 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 17:46:16.726551 - step 10 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:32 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 18:16:16.726551 - step 11 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:33 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 18:46:16.726551 - step 12 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:33 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 19:16:16.726551 - step 13 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:34 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 19:46:16.726551 - step 14 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:34 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 20:16:16.726551 - step 15 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:36 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 20:46:16.726551 - step 16 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:36 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 21:16:16.726551 - step 17 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:37 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 21:46:16.726551 - step 18 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:37 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 22:16:16.726551 - step 19 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:38 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 22:46:16.726551 - step 20 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:38 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 23:16:16.726551 - step 21 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:40 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-28 23:46:16.726551 - step 22 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:40 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 00:16:16.726551 - step 23 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:41 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 00:46:16.726551 - step 24 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:41 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 01:16:16.726551 - step 25 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:43 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 01:46:16.726551 - step 26 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:43 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 02:16:16.726551 - step 27 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:44 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 02:46:16.726551 - step 28 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:44 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 03:16:16.726551 - step 29 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:45 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 03:46:16.726551 - step 30 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:45 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 04:16:16.726551 - step 31 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:48 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 04:46:16.726551 - step 32 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:16:50 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 05:16:16.726551 - step 33 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
13:16:51 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 05:46:16.726551 - step 34 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
13:16:51 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 06:16:16.726551 - step 35 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
13:16:52 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 06:46:16.726551 - step 36 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
13:16:52 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 07:16:16.726551 - step 37 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
13:16:53 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 07:46:16.726551 - step 38 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
13:16:53 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 08:16:16.726551 - step 39 of 48 - 1996 active elements (4 deactivated)
13:16:55 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 08:46:16.726551 - step 40 of 48 - 1993 active elements (7 deactivated)
13:16:55 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 09:16:16.726551 - step 41 of 48 - 1992 active elements (8 deactivated)
13:16:56 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 09:46:16.726551 - step 42 of 48 - 1989 active elements (11 deactivated)
13:16:56 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 10:16:16.726551 - step 43 of 48 - 1988 active elements (12 deactivated)
13:16:57 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 10:46:16.726551 - step 44 of 48 - 1984 active elements (16 deactivated)
13:16:57 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 11:16:16.726551 - step 45 of 48 - 1982 active elements (18 deactivated)
13:16:59 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 11:46:16.726551 - step 46 of 48 - 1981 active elements (19 deactivated)
13:16:59 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 12:16:16.726551 - step 47 of 48 - 1976 active elements (24 deactivated)
13:17:00 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-29 12:46:16.726551 - step 48 of 48 - 1971 active elements (29 deactivated)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 8MB
Dimensions:                                   (trajectory: 2000, time: 49)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                (trajectory) int64 16kB 0 ... 1999
  * time                                      (time) datetime64[ns] 392B 2026...
Data variables: (12/21)
    status                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    moving                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    age_seconds                               (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    origin_marker                             (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lon                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lat                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    ...                                        ...
    upward_sea_water_velocity                 (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_significant_height       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level           (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    land_binary_mask                          (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
Attributes: (12/119)
    Conventions:                                                           CF...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                              CF...
    featureType:                                                           tr...
    title:                                                                 Op...
    summary:                                                               Ou...
    keywords:                                                              tr...
    ...                                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                  de...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                             point
    runtime:                                                               0:...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                               -1...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                               0.0
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                          up

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • trajectory: 2000
  • time: 49
• Coordinates: (2)
  • trajectory
    (trajectory)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 ... 1996 1997 1998 1999

    cf_role :

    trajectory_id

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    array([   0,    1,    2, ..., 1997, 1998, 1999], shape=(2000,))

  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2026-01-28T13:16:16.726551 ... 2...

    standard_name :

    time

    long_name :

    time

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float64'>

    array(['2026-01-28T13:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-28T13:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-28T14:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-28T14:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-28T15:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-28T15:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-28T16:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-28T16:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-28T17:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-28T17:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-28T18:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-28T18:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-28T19:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-28T19:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-28T20:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-28T20:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-28T21:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-28T21:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-28T22:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-28T22:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-28T23:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-28T23:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-29T00:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-29T00:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-29T01:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-29T01:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-29T02:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-29T02:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-29T03:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-29T03:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-29T04:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-29T04:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-29T05:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-29T05:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-29T06:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-29T06:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-29T07:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-29T07:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-29T08:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-29T08:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-29T09:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-29T09:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-29T10:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-29T10:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-29T11:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-29T11:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-29T12:16:16.726551000', '2026-01-29T12:46:16.726551000',
           '2026-01-29T13:16:16.726551000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (21)
  • status
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    valid_range :

    [0 1]

    flag_values :

    [0 1]

    flag_meanings :

    active stranded

    array([[ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           ...,
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ..., nan, nan, nan],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • moving
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    1

    array([[ 1.,  1.,  1., ...,  1.,  1.,  1.],
           [ 1.,  1.,  1., ...,  1.,  1.,  1.],
           [ 1.,  1.,  1., ...,  1.,  1.,  1.],
           ...,
           [ 1.,  1.,  1., ..., nan, nan, nan],
           [ 1.,  1.,  1., ...,  1.,  1.,  1.],
           [ 1.,  1.,  1., ...,  1.,  1.,  1.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • age_seconds
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 1.8e+03 ... 8.46e+04 8.64e+04

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    86400.0

    array([[    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           ...,
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ...,    nan,    nan,    nan],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • origin_marker
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    unit :

    description :

    An integer kept constant during the simulation. Different values may be used for different seedings, to separate elements during analysis. With GUI, only a single seeding is possible.

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    Seed_0

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    0

    array([[ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           ...,
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ..., nan, nan, nan],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lon
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    4.8 4.804 4.808 ... 4.997 5.005

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    long_name :

    longitude

    axis :

    X

    minval :

    4.7865105

    maxval :

    5.0358334

    array([[4.8      , 4.803716 , 4.8077426, ..., 5.015044 , 5.0175433,
            5.0203667],
           [4.8      , 4.8078923, 4.809486 , ..., 4.9745975, 4.978105 ,
            4.979281 ],
           [4.8      , 4.7981744, 4.8084373, ..., 5.019498 , 5.0220613,
            5.0256395],
           ...,
           [4.8      , 4.8065944, 4.811925 , ...,       nan,       nan,
                  nan],
           [4.8      , 4.7974234, 4.797499 , ..., 4.997763 , 4.99882  ,
            4.999889 ],
           [4.8      , 4.806862 , 4.811401 , ..., 4.9965816, 4.997349 ,
            5.0050426]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    60.0 60.0 60.0 ... 59.98 59.98

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_north

    standard_name :

    latitude

    long_name :

    latitude

    axis :

    Y

    minval :

    59.918404

    maxval :

    60.16803

    array([[60.      , 60.002224, 60.00151 , ..., 59.99347 , 59.992527,
            59.99087 ],
           [60.      , 60.005028, 60.010494, ..., 59.980988, 59.97953 ,
            59.976616],
           [60.      , 60.00403 , 60.005985, ..., 59.99255 , 59.992744,
            59.993248],
           ...,
           [60.      , 60.000504, 60.00314 , ...,       nan,       nan,
                  nan],
           [60.      , 60.001785, 60.007107, ..., 60.00776 , 60.00693 ,
            60.00859 ],
           [60.      , 59.99999 , 60.004784, ..., 59.985188, 59.984463,
            59.983093]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -27.44 -27.47 ... -70.94 -71.96

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    z

    long_name :

    vertical position

    axis :

    Z

    positive :

    up

    minval :

    -108.56505

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[-27.440676, -27.473612, -27.746384, ..., -78.14906 , -79.428215,
            -80.4075  ],
           [-35.759468, -35.81953 , -36.222313, ..., -90.22959 , -91.271904,
            -92.356636],
           [-30.138168, -30.179901, -30.438932, ..., -68.941605, -70.264656,
            -71.21086 ],
           ...,
           [-24.00539 , -24.042475, -24.288082, ...,        nan,        nan,
                   nan],
           [-32.193203, -32.24164 , -32.37471 , ..., -91.71832 , -89.578354,
            -86.99539 ],
           [-25.088657, -25.113924, -25.335978, ..., -69.848076, -70.93727 ,
            -71.95516 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • wind_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02 0.02 0.02 ... 0.02 0.02 0.02

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements at surface are moved with this fraction of the vind vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    0.02

    maxval :

    0.02

    array([[0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           ...,
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ...,  nan,  nan,  nan],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • current_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements are moved with this fraction of the current vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[ 1.,  1.,  1., ...,  1.,  1.,  1.],
           [ 1.,  1.,  1., ...,  1.,  1.,  1.],
           [ 1.,  1.,  1., ...,  1.,  1.,  1.],
           ...,
           [ 1.,  1.,  1., ..., nan, nan, nan],
           [ 1.,  1.,  1., ...,  1.,  1.,  1.],
           [ 1.,  1.,  1., ...,  1.,  1.,  1.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • terminal_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m/s

    description :

    Terminal rise/sinking velocity (buoyancy) in the ocean column

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           ...,
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ..., nan, nan, nan],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.1263 0.1334 ... 0.07794 0.07794

    minval :

    -0.120927505

    maxval :

    0.24778904

    array([[0.12625068, 0.13335003, 0.14155559, ..., 0.07296815, 0.06472631,
            0.06472631],
           [0.10049596, 0.10468587, 0.11221048, ..., 0.08280002, 0.07479285,
            0.07479285],
           [0.11789933, 0.12432763, 0.13004492, ..., 0.06943017, 0.06017184,
            0.06017184],
           ...,
           [0.13652043, 0.14538664, 0.14899938, ...,        nan,        nan,
                   nan],
           [0.111537  , 0.1188586 , 0.12598628, ..., 0.04379287, 0.03394651,
            0.03394651],
           [0.13353245, 0.14339654, 0.14569637, ..., 0.08587974, 0.07793724,
            0.07793724]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.106 0.11 ... -0.03148 -0.03148

    minval :

    -0.20730984

    maxval :

    0.41536748

    array([[ 0.10599964,  0.10999298,  0.10537139, ..., -0.02902329,
            -0.0225865 , -0.0225865 ],
           [ 0.08867981,  0.09513593,  0.09928877, ..., -0.11917572,
            -0.10376085, -0.10376085],
           [ 0.10038343,  0.11049064,  0.1056466 , ..., -0.01107177,
            -0.00809543, -0.00809543],
           ...,
           [ 0.10932401,  0.10863008,  0.10795717, ...,         nan,
                    nan,         nan],
           [ 0.09610482,  0.10464764,  0.11310773, ...,  0.04021595,
             0.05152461,  0.05152461],
           [ 0.11089657,  0.10922541,  0.11037719, ..., -0.03794274,
            -0.03147887, -0.03147887]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.4695 -0.4302 ... -0.5124 -0.5124

    minval :

    -0.6149329

    maxval :

    -0.11807363

    array([[-0.4695146 , -0.43023288, -0.3858448 , ..., -0.5105994 ,
            -0.510348  , -0.510348  ],
           [-0.4695146 , -0.43084562, -0.38772714, ..., -0.5116874 ,
            -0.5121202 , -0.5121202 ],
           [-0.4695146 , -0.4309374 , -0.38692975, ..., -0.50999796,
            -0.5096737 , -0.5096737 ],
           ...,
           [-0.4695146 , -0.42962176, -0.38621724, ...,         nan,
                    nan,         nan],
           [-0.4695146 , -0.43043187, -0.38771546, ..., -0.51555705,
            -0.5155176 , -0.5155176 ],
           [-0.4695146 , -0.4294515 , -0.3866065 , ..., -0.5121048 ,
            -0.51239383, -0.51239383]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.5797 -0.7382 ... -0.8678 -0.8678

    minval :

    -1.7545325

    maxval :

    1.3966773

    array([[-0.57968616, -0.7382294 , -0.79574335, ..., -0.33662027,
            -0.8578494 , -0.8578494 ],
           [-0.57968616, -0.70927984, -0.7324813 , ..., -0.20346414,
            -0.9402056 , -0.9402056 ],
           [-0.57968616, -0.72879785, -0.76425004, ..., -0.39232212,
            -0.8821862 , -0.8821862 ],
           ...,
           [-0.57968616, -0.74930716, -0.7820321 , ...,         nan,
                    nan,         nan],
           [-0.57968616, -0.7503839 , -0.7622031 , ..., -0.08150045,
            -0.5084149 , -0.5084149 ],
           [-0.57968616, -0.75321406, -0.7707643 , ..., -0.22093907,
            -0.8678405 , -0.8678405 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.8107 -0.1859 ... 3.217 3.217

    minval :

    -0.81071895

    maxval :

    6.0456553

    array([[-0.81071895, -0.18589622,  0.66783714, ...,  3.9261415 ,
             2.9100425 ,  2.9100425 ],
           [-0.81071895, -0.20619684,  0.6046791 , ...,  4.366853  ,
             3.387876  ,  3.387876  ],
           [-0.81071895, -0.1944128 ,  0.636726  , ...,  3.8524    ,
             2.8330293 ,  2.8330293 ],
           ...,
           [-0.81071895, -0.17691652,  0.6637411 , ...,         nan,
                    nan,         nan],
           [-0.81071895, -0.1776972 ,  0.6108072 , ...,  4.1646905 ,
             3.266765  ,  3.266765  ],
           [-0.81071895, -0.17407493,  0.6512783 , ...,  4.228599  ,
             3.2170117 ,  3.2170117 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • upward_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -1.83e-05 -0.0001515 ... -0.0005655

    minval :

    -0.0029073986

    maxval :

    0.0065953624

    array([[-1.8297838e-05, -1.5153960e-04, -1.8540031e-04, ...,
            -7.1063987e-04, -5.4404710e-04, -5.4404710e-04],
           [-3.3368833e-05, -2.2376781e-04, -2.6163631e-04, ...,
            -5.7906104e-04, -6.0262723e-04, -6.0262723e-04],
           [-2.3184833e-05, -1.4390591e-04, -2.7333514e-04, ...,
            -7.3502673e-04, -5.2566960e-04, -5.2566960e-04],
           ...,
           [-2.0602411e-05, -1.3644839e-04, -2.6389278e-04, ...,
                       nan,            nan,            nan],
           [-2.6907899e-05, -7.3929201e-05, -1.8657513e-04, ...,
             1.1888718e-03,  1.4349796e-03,  1.4349796e-03],
           [-1.4036731e-05, -1.2336289e-04, -3.0049222e-04, ...,
            -6.0510653e-04, -5.6549557e-04, -5.6549557e-04]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_significant_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02444 0.01426 ... 0.2731 0.2731

    minval :

    0.0130888745

    maxval :

    0.9223015

    array([[0.02443521, 0.01425668, 0.02654866, ..., 0.38198638, 0.22642462,
            0.22642462],
           [0.02443521, 0.01342164, 0.02219328, ..., 0.47012576, 0.3040976 ,
            0.3040976 ],
           [0.02443521, 0.01399599, 0.02434165, ..., 0.36887458, 0.21658595,
            0.21658595],
           ...,
           [0.02443521, 0.01458191, 0.02588231, ...,        nan,        nan,
                   nan],
           [0.02443521, 0.01462845, 0.02346936, ..., 0.42684168, 0.26888388,
            0.26888388],
           [0.02443521, 0.01470178, 0.02504873, ..., 0.4410746 , 0.27311686,
            0.27311686]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           ...,
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ..., nan, nan, nan],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           ...,
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ..., nan, nan, nan],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    275.7 274.2 273.6 ... 154.7 154.7

    minval :

    40.18526

    maxval :

    283.35272

    array([[275.67816, 274.18997, 273.59583, ..., 124.51576, 123.1024 ,
            123.1024 ],
           [275.67816, 272.44952, 272.0864 , ..., 186.70334, 183.5572 ,
            183.5572 ],
           [275.67816, 274.7443 , 272.32977, ..., 121.17349, 118.48546,
            118.48546],
           ...,
           [275.67816, 274.20285, 272.08148, ...,       nan,       nan,
                  nan],
           [275.67816, 275.57523, 274.04706, ..., 131.25558, 130.95763,
            130.95763],
           [275.67816, 274.33832, 271.8887 , ..., 154.81555, 154.65738,
            154.65738]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • land_binary_mask
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           ...,
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ..., nan, nan, nan],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

• Indexes: (2)
  • trajectory
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([   0,    1,    2,    3,    4,    5,    6,    7,    8,    9,
           ...
           1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999],
          dtype='int64', name='trajectory', length=2000))

  • time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2026-01-28 13:16:16.726551', '2026-01-28 13:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-28 14:16:16.726551', '2026-01-28 14:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-28 15:16:16.726551', '2026-01-28 15:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-28 16:16:16.726551', '2026-01-28 16:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-28 17:16:16.726551', '2026-01-28 17:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-28 18:16:16.726551', '2026-01-28 18:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-28 19:16:16.726551', '2026-01-28 19:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-28 20:16:16.726551', '2026-01-28 20:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-28 21:16:16.726551', '2026-01-28 21:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-28 22:16:16.726551', '2026-01-28 22:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-28 23:16:16.726551', '2026-01-28 23:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-29 00:16:16.726551', '2026-01-29 00:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-29 01:16:16.726551', '2026-01-29 01:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-29 02:16:16.726551', '2026-01-29 02:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-29 03:16:16.726551', '2026-01-29 03:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-29 04:16:16.726551', '2026-01-29 04:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-29 05:16:16.726551', '2026-01-29 05:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-29 06:16:16.726551', '2026-01-29 06:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-29 07:16:16.726551', '2026-01-29 07:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-29 08:16:16.726551', '2026-01-29 08:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-29 09:16:16.726551', '2026-01-29 09:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-29 10:16:16.726551', '2026-01-29 10:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-29 11:16:16.726551', '2026-01-29 11:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-29 12:16:16.726551', '2026-01-29 12:46:16.726551',
                   '2026-01-29 13:16:16.726551'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='time', freq='30min'))

• Attributes: (119)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.11, ACDD-1.3

  standard_name_vocabulary :

  CF Standard Name Table v85

  featureType :

  trajectory

  title :

  OpenDrift trajectory simulation

  summary :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift framework

  keywords :

  trajectory, drift, lagrangian, simulation

  history :

  Created 2026-01-28 13:16:20.729738

  date_created :

  2026-01-28T13:16:20.729750

  source :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift

  model_url :

  https://github.com/OpenDrift/opendrift

  opendrift_class :

  OceanDrift

  opendrift_module :

  opendrift.models.oceandrift

  readers :

  odict_keys(['LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'global_landmask'])

  time_coverage_start :

  2026-01-28 13:16:16.726551

  time_step_calculation :

  0:30:00

  time_step_output :

  0:30:00

  config_environment:constant:x_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:x_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  config_environment:constant:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  config_environment:constant:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_general:use_auto_landmask :

  True

  config_drift:current_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:current_uncertainty_uniform :

  0

  config_drift:max_speed :

  2.0

  config_readers:max_number_of_fails :

  1

  config_general:simulation_name :

  config_general:coastline_action :

  stranding

  config_general:coastline_approximation_precision :

  0.001

  config_general:time_step_minutes :

  60

  config_general:time_step_output_minutes :

  None

  config_seed:ocean_only :

  True

  config_seed:number :

  1

  config_drift:max_age_seconds :

  None

  config_drift:advection_scheme :

  euler

  config_drift:horizontal_diffusivity :

  10.0

  config_drift:profiles_depth :

  50

  config_drift:wind_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:relative_wind :

  False

  config_drift:deactivate_north_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_south_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_east_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_west_of :

  None

  config_seed:origin_marker :

  0

  config_seed:z :

  0

  config_seed:wind_drift_factor :

  0.02

  config_seed:current_drift_factor :

  1

  config_seed:terminal_velocity :

  0.0

  config_drift:vertical_advection :

  True

  config_drift:vertical_advection_at_surface :

  False

  config_drift:water_column_stretching :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_correction :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing_at_surface :

  False

  config_vertical_mixing:timestep :

  60

  config_vertical_mixing:diffusivitymodel :

  environment

  config_vertical_mixing:background_diffusivity :

  1.2e-05

  config_vertical_mixing:TSprofiles :

  False

  config_drift:wind_drift_depth :

  0.1

  config_drift:stokes_drift :

  True

  config_drift:stokes_drift_profile :

  Phillips

  config_drift:use_tabularised_stokes_drift :

  False

  config_drift:tabularised_stokes_drift_fetch :

  25000

  config_general:seafloor_action :

  lift_to_seafloor

  config_drift:truncate_ocean_model_below_m :

  None

  config_seed:seafloor :

  False

  opendrift_version :

  1.14.8

  seed_geojson :

  {"features": [], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

  simulation_time :

  2026-01-28 13:16:20.737629

  reader_x_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_sea_surface_height :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_x_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_upward_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_land_binary_mask :

  ['global_landmask']

  time_coverage_end :

  2026-01-29 13:16:16.726551

  time_coverage_duration :

  P1DT0H0M0S

  time_coverage_resolution :

  P0DT0H30M0S

  performance :

  -------------------- Reader performance: -------------------- global_landmask 0:00:01.5 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:01.5 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be 0:00:33.9 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:33.5 reading 0:00:00.8 interpolation 0:00:00.0 interpolation_time 0:00:00.3 rotating vectors 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- Performance: 43.8 total time 4.0 configuration 0.0 preparing main loop 0.0 moving elements to ocean 39.8 main loop 0.1 updating elements 0.0 cleaning up --------------------

  geospatial_bounds_crs :

  EPSG:4326

  geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs :

  EPSG:5831

  geospatial_lat_min :

  59.918404

  geospatial_lat_max :

  60.16803

  geospatial_lat_units :

  degrees_north

  geospatial_lat_resolution :

  point

  geospatial_lon_min :

  4.7865105

  geospatial_lon_max :

  5.0358334

  geospatial_lon_units :

  degrees_east

  geospatial_lon_resolution :

  point

  runtime :

  0:00:43.882177

  geospatial_vertical_min :

  -108.56505

  geospatial_vertical_max :

  0.0

  geospatial_vertical_positive :

  up

Plot results with lines and particles colored by depth

print(o)
o.plot(linecolor='z', buffer=.1, show_elements=False)
o.animation(color='z', buffer=.1)

===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
global_landmask
 0:00:01.5  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:01.5  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
 0:00:33.9  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:33.5  reading
 0:00:00.8  interpolation
 0:00:00.0  interpolation_time
 0:00:00.3  rotating vectors
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
Performance:
   43.8 total time
    4.0 configuration
    0.0 preparing main loop
      0.0 moving elements to ocean
   39.8 main loop
      0.1 updating elements
    0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.8)
        1953 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (47 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
     1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity

Discarded readers:

Time:
        Start: 2026-01-28 13:16:16.726551 UTC
        Present: 2026-01-29 13:16:16.726551 UTC
        Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
        Output steps: 49 * 0:30:00
===========================

13:17:52 INFO    opendrift:4675: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_depth_0.gif...
13:18:18 INFO    opendrift:3101: Time to make animation: 0:00:27.435198