Drift at different depths

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift

o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20)  # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information

10:33:39 INFO    opendrift:576: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.8 / v1.14.8-2-g680a748)

Using live data from Thredds

o.add_readers_from_list([
    'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be'])

Adding some diffusion

o.set_config('drift:horizontal_diffusivity', 10)  # m2/s

Seed 1000 elements at random depths

z = -np.random.rand(2000)*50
o.seed_elements(lon=4.8, lat=60.0, z=z, radius=0, number=2000,
                time=datetime.now())

print(o)

10:33:39 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_wind: 0.000000
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_wind: 0.000000
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.8)
        0 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 2000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
  ocean_vertical_diffusivity
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
  LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be

Discarded readers:
===========================

Running model

o.run(duration=timedelta(hours=24), time_step=1800)

10:33:44 INFO    opendrift:1810: Skipping environment variable ocean_vertical_diffusivity because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift:1810: Skipping environment variable ocean_mixed_layer_thickness because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift:1821: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift:1821: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift:1829: Storing previous values of environment variable sea_surface_height because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', True]
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift:952: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift:982: All points are in ocean
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 10:33:39.903879 - step 1 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:44 INFO    opendrift.readers:63: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
10:33:46 INFO    opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:332: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
10:33:46 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
10:33:46 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
10:33:46 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
10:33:46 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
10:33:48 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 11:03:39.903879 - step 2 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:50 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 11:33:39.903879 - step 3 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:50 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 12:03:39.903879 - step 4 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:51 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 12:33:39.903879 - step 5 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:51 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 13:03:39.903879 - step 6 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:52 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 13:33:39.903879 - step 7 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:52 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 14:03:39.903879 - step 8 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:54 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 14:33:39.903879 - step 9 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:54 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 15:03:39.903879 - step 10 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:55 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 15:33:39.903879 - step 11 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:55 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 16:03:39.903879 - step 12 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:56 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 16:33:39.903879 - step 13 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:56 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 17:03:39.903879 - step 14 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:58 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 17:33:39.903879 - step 15 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:58 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 18:03:39.903879 - step 16 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:59 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 18:33:39.903879 - step 17 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:33:59 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 19:03:39.903879 - step 18 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:00 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 19:33:39.903879 - step 19 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:00 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 20:03:39.903879 - step 20 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:02 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 20:33:39.903879 - step 21 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:02 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 21:03:39.903879 - step 22 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:03 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 21:33:39.903879 - step 23 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:03 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 22:03:39.903879 - step 24 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:05 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 22:33:39.903879 - step 25 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:05 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 23:03:39.903879 - step 26 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:06 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-22 23:33:39.903879 - step 27 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:06 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 00:03:39.903879 - step 28 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:08 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 00:33:39.903879 - step 29 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:08 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 01:03:39.903879 - step 30 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:09 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 01:33:39.903879 - step 31 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:09 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 02:03:39.903879 - step 32 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:10 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 02:33:39.903879 - step 33 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:11 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 03:03:39.903879 - step 34 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:12 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 03:33:39.903879 - step 35 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:12 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 04:03:39.903879 - step 36 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:13 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 04:33:39.903879 - step 37 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:13 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 05:03:39.903879 - step 38 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:15 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 05:33:39.903879 - step 39 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:15 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 06:03:39.903879 - step 40 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:17 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 06:33:39.903879 - step 41 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:17 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 07:03:39.903879 - step 42 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:18 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 07:33:39.903879 - step 43 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:18 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 08:03:39.903879 - step 44 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:20 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 08:33:39.903879 - step 45 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:20 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 09:03:39.903879 - step 46 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:21 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 09:33:39.903879 - step 47 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
10:34:21 INFO    opendrift:2118: 2026-01-23 10:03:39.903879 - step 48 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 8MB
Dimensions:                                   (trajectory: 2000, time: 49)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                (trajectory) int64 16kB 0 ... 1999
  * time                                      (time) datetime64[ns] 392B 2026...
Data variables: (12/21)
    status                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    moving                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    age_seconds                               (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    origin_marker                             (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lon                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lat                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    ...                                        ...
    upward_sea_water_velocity                 (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_significant_height       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level           (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    land_binary_mask                          (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
Attributes: (12/119)
    Conventions:                                                           CF...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                              CF...
    featureType:                                                           tr...
    title:                                                                 Op...
    summary:                                                               Ou...
    keywords:                                                              tr...
    ...                                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                  de...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                             point
    runtime:                                                               0:...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                               -7...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                               0.0
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                          up

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • trajectory: 2000
  • time: 49
• Coordinates: (2)
  • trajectory
    (trajectory)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 ... 1996 1997 1998 1999

    cf_role :

    trajectory_id

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    array([   0,    1,    2, ..., 1997, 1998, 1999], shape=(2000,))

  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2026-01-22T10:33:39.903879 ... 2...

    standard_name :

    time

    long_name :

    time

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float64'>

    array(['2026-01-22T10:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-22T11:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-22T11:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-22T12:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-22T12:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-22T13:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-22T13:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-22T14:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-22T14:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-22T15:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-22T15:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-22T16:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-22T16:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-22T17:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-22T17:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-22T18:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-22T18:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-22T19:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-22T19:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-22T20:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-22T20:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-22T21:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-22T21:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-22T22:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-22T22:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-22T23:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-22T23:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-23T00:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-23T00:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-23T01:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-23T01:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-23T02:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-23T02:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-23T03:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-23T03:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-23T04:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-23T04:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-23T05:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-23T05:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-23T06:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-23T06:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-23T07:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-23T07:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-23T08:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-23T08:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-23T09:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-23T09:33:39.903879000', '2026-01-23T10:03:39.903879000',
           '2026-01-23T10:33:39.903879000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (21)
  • status
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    valid_range :

    [0 0]

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    active

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • moving
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    minval :

    1

    maxval :

    1

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • age_seconds
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 1.8e+03 ... 8.46e+04 8.64e+04

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    86400.0

    array([[    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           ...,
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • origin_marker
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    unit :

    description :

    An integer kept constant during the simulation. Different values may be used for different seedings, to separate elements during analysis. With GUI, only a single seeding is possible.

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    Seed_0

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lon
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    4.8 4.805 4.809 ... 4.793 4.79

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    long_name :

    longitude

    axis :

    X

    minval :

    4.5307736

    maxval :

    4.958781

    array([[4.8      , 4.8045783, 4.8090434, ..., 4.778531 , 4.7711267,
            4.767433 ],
           [4.8      , 4.8096294, 4.812695 , ..., 4.6725993, 4.6641927,
            4.6564536],
           [4.8      , 4.79932  , 4.8106127, ..., 4.8156295, 4.814023 ,
            4.809886 ],
           ...,
           [4.8      , 4.80711  , 4.812232 , ..., 4.8172307, 4.822682 ,
            4.82126  ],
           [4.8      , 4.798785 , 4.800019 , ..., 4.7403293, 4.731598 ,
            4.719631 ],
           [4.8      , 4.807477 , 4.811821 , ..., 4.797345 , 4.793401 ,
            4.7903547]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    60.0 60.0 60.0 ... 60.02 60.02

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_north

    standard_name :

    latitude

    long_name :

    latitude

    axis :

    Y

    minval :

    59.96509

    maxval :

    60.055813

    array([[60.      , 60.00239 , 60.001575, ..., 60.010426, 60.00937 ,
            60.006786],
           [60.      , 60.005505, 60.011295, ..., 60.000572, 59.99912 ,
            59.99967 ],
           [60.      , 60.004295, 60.006054, ..., 60.024414, 60.02456 ,
            60.025307],
           ...,
           [60.      , 60.000614, 60.003174, ..., 60.008545, 60.007847,
            60.00767 ],
           [60.      , 60.00213 , 60.007298, ..., 60.015446, 60.0164  ,
            60.01524 ],
           [60.      , 60.000065, 60.004765, ..., 60.01446 , 60.015995,
            60.016773]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -27.44 -27.72 ... -18.89 -18.98

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    z

    long_name :

    vertical position

    axis :

    Z

    positive :

    up

    minval :

    -72.17434

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[-27.440676, -27.724161, -27.585415, ..., -28.94678 , -28.787394,
            -28.617973],
           [-35.759468, -36.253345, -36.219227, ..., -34.717285, -34.073215,
            -33.31807 ],
           [-30.138168, -30.489876, -30.693062, ..., -36.213757, -36.224155,
            -36.466595],
           ...,
           [-24.00539 , -24.207726, -23.845856, ..., -21.36797 , -21.190052,
            -20.90918 ],
           [-32.193203, -32.596886, -32.814045, ..., -33.62218 , -33.00789 ,
            -32.429413],
           [-25.088657, -25.312656, -24.92027 , ..., -18.821325, -18.889055,
            -18.97837 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • wind_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02 0.02 0.02 ... 0.02 0.02 0.02

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements at surface are moved with this fraction of the vind vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    0.02

    maxval :

    0.02

    array([[0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           ...,
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • current_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements are moved with this fraction of the current vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • terminal_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m/s

    description :

    Terminal rise/sinking velocity (buoyancy) in the ocean column

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.153 0.1469 ... -0.1655 -0.1655

    minval :

    -0.37114024

    maxval :

    0.16090144

    array([[ 0.15297914,  0.14692958,  0.1421645 , ..., -0.18192443,
            -0.19161263, -0.19161263],
           [ 0.15433279,  0.15030697,  0.14960583, ..., -0.26195663,
            -0.26184598, -0.26184598],
           [ 0.15341808,  0.15624492,  0.14841047, ..., -0.12275692,
            -0.12499318, -0.12499318],
           ...,
           [ 0.15250379,  0.13891907,  0.14143714, ..., -0.11029913,
            -0.0963964 , -0.0963964 ],
           [ 0.15375248,  0.15474811,  0.15673168, ..., -0.23040439,
            -0.23470983, -0.23470983],
           [ 0.15259641,  0.1373621 ,  0.14413993, ..., -0.15847456,
            -0.16547474, -0.16547474]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.1163 0.1037 ... -0.03587 -0.03587

    minval :

    -0.25976464

    maxval :

    0.2505166

    array([[ 0.11628719,  0.10366238,  0.08404592, ..., -0.02691488,
            -0.02782913, -0.02782913],
           [ 0.11827433,  0.11522008,  0.09604262, ..., -0.07042144,
            -0.0684189 , -0.0684189 ],
           [ 0.11693155,  0.09813073,  0.09187294, ..., -0.04542642,
            -0.04822506, -0.04822506],
           ...,
           [ 0.11609694,  0.10403889,  0.09284982, ...,  0.00685129,
             0.0182487 ,  0.0182487 ],
           [ 0.11742245,  0.09524041,  0.07228977, ..., -0.06202526,
            -0.06853363, -0.06853363],
           [ 0.11572535,  0.10326531,  0.0943467 , ..., -0.02995328,
            -0.03587083, -0.03587083]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.01481 0.05237 ... -0.2201

    minval :

    -0.7686336

    maxval :

    0.10106795

    array([[-0.01481084,  0.05236986,  0.07949027, ..., -0.31279033,
            -0.22115692, -0.22115692],
           [-0.01481084,  0.05241966,  0.07892286, ..., -0.31277645,
            -0.22136131, -0.22136131],
           [-0.01481084,  0.0515952 ,  0.07917404, ..., -0.31066635,
            -0.21807672, -0.21807672],
           ...,
           [-0.01481084,  0.05282393,  0.07957144, ..., -0.3137334 ,
            -0.22175387, -0.22175387],
           [-0.01481084,  0.05200931,  0.07822604, ..., -0.3100999 ,
            -0.21743906, -0.21743906],
           [-0.01481084,  0.05291525,  0.07939245, ..., -0.31255054,
            -0.22011666, -0.22011666]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -5.238 -4.819 ... -6.408 -6.408

    minval :

    -7.093868

    maxval :

    -0.4820227

    array([[-5.2378135, -4.818869 , -3.7873983, ..., -6.0281057, -6.582925 ,
            -6.582925 ],
           [-5.2378135, -4.539768 , -3.4173012, ..., -6.302633 , -6.9365664,
            -6.9365664],
           [-5.2378135, -4.820092 , -3.6170387, ..., -5.6988463, -6.131326 ,
            -6.131326 ],
           ...,
           [-5.2378135, -4.868121 , -3.6822445, ..., -5.905904 , -6.3261895,
            -6.3261895],
           [-5.2378135, -4.9448986, -3.7380779, ..., -6.0912757, -6.6965313,
            -6.6965313],
           [-5.2378135, -4.8920946, -3.6390564, ..., -5.9237547, -6.4078746,
            -6.4078746]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    3.756 2.789 0.936 ... 0.6504 0.6504

    minval :

    -0.71466684

    maxval :

    5.6883864

    array([[3.755672  , 2.7886915 , 0.9360274 , ..., 0.8401841 , 0.6882626 ,
            0.6882626 ],
           [3.755672  , 2.4783301 , 0.604946  , ..., 1.2745461 , 1.2858893 ,
            1.2858893 ],
           [3.755672  , 2.8026993 , 0.7851219 , ..., 0.85537153, 0.654415  ,
            0.654415  ],
           ...,
           [3.755672  , 2.8331997 , 0.8336707 , ..., 0.6687587 , 0.48935333,
            0.48935333],
           [3.755672  , 2.9475355 , 0.925712  , ..., 1.003776  , 0.8670197 ,
            0.8670197 ],
           [3.755672  , 2.856863  , 0.7997515 , ..., 0.79772836, 0.65037   ,
            0.65037   ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • upward_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.0001575 7.708e-05 ... -4.962e-05

    minval :

    -0.0031675529

    maxval :

    0.0009276161

    array([[-1.57491377e-04,  7.70807819e-05,  2.15826338e-04, ...,
             8.85476838e-05,  9.41226244e-05,  9.41226244e-05],
           [-2.74376478e-04,  1.89544262e-05, -6.36052500e-05, ...,
             3.57815705e-04,  4.19526274e-04,  4.19526274e-04],
           [-1.95393121e-04, -1.12880836e-04,  9.10815797e-05, ...,
            -5.77662195e-06, -1.34687667e-04, -1.34687667e-04],
           ...,
           [-1.12408692e-04,  2.01039089e-04,  2.60868896e-04, ...,
             9.88433312e-05,  1.56040434e-04,  1.56040434e-04],
           [-2.24267846e-04, -1.20644290e-04, -1.19351258e-04, ...,
             3.41273495e-04,  3.21375497e-04,  3.21375497e-04],
           [-1.24443803e-04,  2.17992332e-04,  2.18373476e-04, ...,
            -3.76278622e-05, -4.96200337e-05, -4.96200337e-05]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_significant_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.022 0.7626 0.3744 ... 1.021 1.021

    minval :

    0.050786372

    maxval :

    1.3424996

    array([[1.0218782 , 0.76255816, 0.37442514, ..., 0.9112816 , 1.0776917 ,
            1.0776917 ],
           [1.0218782 , 0.6580897 , 0.29628012, ..., 1.0171522 , 1.2243288 ,
            1.2243288 ],
           [1.0218782 , 0.7647749 , 0.33700484, ..., 0.8169293 , 0.935327  ,
            0.935327  ],
           ...,
           [1.0218782 , 0.7804503 , 0.3506467 , ..., 0.86904263, 0.9903995 ,
            0.9903995 ],
           [1.0218782 , 0.8152438 , 0.36482218, ..., 0.9375355 , 1.1216434 ,
            1.1216434 ],
           [1.0218782 , 0.7895187 , 0.3415054 , ..., 0.87889004, 1.0205024 ,
            1.0205024 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    275.7 274.0 273.3 ... 275.4 275.4

    minval :

    174.39696

    maxval :

    295.58926

    array([[275.67816, 273.95496, 273.29364, ..., 277.1353 , 278.35968,
            278.35968],
           [275.67816, 272.15002, 271.48962, ..., 263.48853, 260.5726 ,
            260.5726 ],
           [275.67816, 274.431  , 271.96558, ..., 277.10284, 277.367  ,
            277.367  ],
           ...,
           [275.67816, 274.0562 , 271.99808, ..., 270.6827 , 269.7111 ,
            269.7111 ],
           [275.67816, 275.20578, 273.66   , ..., 280.9685 , 281.1375 ,
            281.1375 ],
           [275.67816, 274.18298, 271.8197 , ..., 274.49738, 275.37735,
            275.37735]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • land_binary_mask
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

• Indexes: (2)
  • trajectory
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([   0,    1,    2,    3,    4,    5,    6,    7,    8,    9,
           ...
           1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999],
          dtype='int64', name='trajectory', length=2000))

  • time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2026-01-22 10:33:39.903879', '2026-01-22 11:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-22 11:33:39.903879', '2026-01-22 12:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-22 12:33:39.903879', '2026-01-22 13:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-22 13:33:39.903879', '2026-01-22 14:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-22 14:33:39.903879', '2026-01-22 15:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-22 15:33:39.903879', '2026-01-22 16:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-22 16:33:39.903879', '2026-01-22 17:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-22 17:33:39.903879', '2026-01-22 18:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-22 18:33:39.903879', '2026-01-22 19:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-22 19:33:39.903879', '2026-01-22 20:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-22 20:33:39.903879', '2026-01-22 21:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-22 21:33:39.903879', '2026-01-22 22:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-22 22:33:39.903879', '2026-01-22 23:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-22 23:33:39.903879', '2026-01-23 00:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-23 00:33:39.903879', '2026-01-23 01:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-23 01:33:39.903879', '2026-01-23 02:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-23 02:33:39.903879', '2026-01-23 03:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-23 03:33:39.903879', '2026-01-23 04:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-23 04:33:39.903879', '2026-01-23 05:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-23 05:33:39.903879', '2026-01-23 06:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-23 06:33:39.903879', '2026-01-23 07:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-23 07:33:39.903879', '2026-01-23 08:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-23 08:33:39.903879', '2026-01-23 09:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-23 09:33:39.903879', '2026-01-23 10:03:39.903879',
                   '2026-01-23 10:33:39.903879'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='time', freq='30min'))

• Attributes: (119)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.11, ACDD-1.3

  standard_name_vocabulary :

  CF Standard Name Table v85

  featureType :

  trajectory

  title :

  OpenDrift trajectory simulation

  summary :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift framework

  keywords :

  trajectory, drift, lagrangian, simulation

  history :

  Created 2026-01-22 10:33:44.285942

  date_created :

  2026-01-22T10:33:44.285955

  source :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift

  model_url :

  https://github.com/OpenDrift/opendrift

  opendrift_class :

  OceanDrift

  opendrift_module :

  opendrift.models.oceandrift

  readers :

  odict_keys(['LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'global_landmask'])

  time_coverage_start :

  2026-01-22 10:33:39.903879

  time_step_calculation :

  0:30:00

  time_step_output :

  0:30:00

  config_environment:constant:x_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:x_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  config_environment:constant:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  config_environment:constant:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_general:use_auto_landmask :

  True

  config_drift:current_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:current_uncertainty_uniform :

  0

  config_drift:max_speed :

  2.0

  config_readers:max_number_of_fails :

  1

  config_general:simulation_name :

  config_general:coastline_action :

  stranding

  config_general:coastline_approximation_precision :

  0.001

  config_general:time_step_minutes :

  60

  config_general:time_step_output_minutes :

  None

  config_seed:ocean_only :

  True

  config_seed:number :

  1

  config_drift:max_age_seconds :

  None

  config_drift:advection_scheme :

  euler

  config_drift:horizontal_diffusivity :

  10.0

  config_drift:profiles_depth :

  50

  config_drift:wind_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:relative_wind :

  False

  config_drift:deactivate_north_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_south_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_east_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_west_of :

  None

  config_seed:origin_marker :

  0

  config_seed:z :

  0

  config_seed:wind_drift_factor :

  0.02

  config_seed:current_drift_factor :

  1

  config_seed:terminal_velocity :

  0.0

  config_drift:vertical_advection :

  True

  config_drift:vertical_advection_at_surface :

  False

  config_drift:water_column_stretching :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_correction :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing_at_surface :

  False

  config_vertical_mixing:timestep :

  60

  config_vertical_mixing:diffusivitymodel :

  environment

  config_vertical_mixing:background_diffusivity :

  1.2e-05

  config_vertical_mixing:TSprofiles :

  False

  config_drift:wind_drift_depth :

  0.1

  config_drift:stokes_drift :

  True

  config_drift:stokes_drift_profile :

  Phillips

  config_drift:use_tabularised_stokes_drift :

  False

  config_drift:tabularised_stokes_drift_fetch :

  25000

  config_general:seafloor_action :

  lift_to_seafloor

  config_drift:truncate_ocean_model_below_m :

  None

  config_seed:seafloor :

  False

  opendrift_version :

  1.14.8

  seed_geojson :

  {"features": [], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

  simulation_time :

  2026-01-22 10:33:44.294190

  reader_x_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_sea_surface_height :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_x_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_upward_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_land_binary_mask :

  ['global_landmask']

  time_coverage_end :

  2026-01-23 10:33:39.903879

  time_coverage_duration :

  P1DT0H0M0S

  time_coverage_resolution :

  P0DT0H30M0S

  performance :

  -------------------- Reader performance: -------------------- global_landmask 0:00:00.0 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.0 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be 0:00:35.4 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:35.0 reading 0:00:00.8 interpolation 0:00:00.0 interpolation_time 0:00:00.3 rotating vectors 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- Performance: 43.6 total time 4.4 configuration 0.0 preparing main loop 0.0 moving elements to ocean 39.2 main loop 0.1 updating elements 0.0 cleaning up --------------------

  geospatial_bounds_crs :

  EPSG:4326

  geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs :

  EPSG:5831

  geospatial_lat_min :

  59.96509

  geospatial_lat_max :

  60.055813

  geospatial_lat_units :

  degrees_north

  geospatial_lat_resolution :

  point

  geospatial_lon_min :

  4.5307736

  geospatial_lon_max :

  4.958781

  geospatial_lon_units :

  degrees_east

  geospatial_lon_resolution :

  point

  runtime :

  0:00:43.680858

  geospatial_vertical_min :

  -72.17434

  geospatial_vertical_max :

  0.0

  geospatial_vertical_positive :

  up

Plot results with lines and particles colored by depth

print(o)
o.plot(linecolor='z', buffer=.1, show_elements=False)
o.animation(color='z', buffer=.1)

===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
global_landmask
 0:00:00.0  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:00.0  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
 0:00:35.4  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:35.0  reading
 0:00:00.8  interpolation
 0:00:00.0  interpolation_time
 0:00:00.3  rotating vectors
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
Performance:
   43.6 total time
    4.4 configuration
    0.0 preparing main loop
      0.0 moving elements to ocean
   39.2 main loop
      0.1 updating elements
    0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.8)
        2000 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
     1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity

Discarded readers:

Time:
        Start: 2026-01-22 10:33:39.903879 UTC
        Present: 2026-01-23 10:33:39.903879 UTC
        Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
        Output steps: 49 * 0:30:00
===========================

10:35:16 INFO    opendrift:4667: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_depth_0.gif...
10:35:47 INFO    opendrift:3101: Time to make animation: 0:00:31.703184