Drift at different depths

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift

o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20)  # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information

13:24:02 INFO    opendrift:569: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.10 / v1.14.10-27-gff3ada1)

Using live data from Thredds

o.add_readers_from_list([
    'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be'])

Adding some diffusion

o.set_config('environment:constant:horizontal_diffusivity', 10)  # m2/s

Seed 1000 elements at random depths

z = -np.random.rand(2000)*50
o.seed_elements(lon=4.8, lat=60.0, z=z, radius=0, number=2000,
                time=datetime.now())

print(o)

13:24:02 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_wind: 0.000000
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_wind: 0.000000
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.10)
        0 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 2000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  horizontal_diffusivity
     1) constant_reader
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
  ocean_vertical_diffusivity
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
  LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be

Discarded readers:
===========================

Running model

o.run(duration=timedelta(hours=24), time_step=1800)

13:24:06 INFO    opendrift:1903: Skipping environment variable ocean_vertical_diffusivity because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift:1903: Skipping environment variable ocean_mixed_layer_thickness because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift:1914: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift:1914: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift:1922: Storing previous values of environment variable sea_surface_height because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', True]
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift:955: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift:986: All points are in ocean
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 13:24:02.192032 - step 1 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:06 INFO    opendrift.readers:67: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
13:24:08 INFO    opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:340: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
13:24:08 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
13:24:08 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
13:24:08 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
13:24:08 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
13:24:10 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 13:54:02.192032 - step 2 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:10 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 14:24:02.192032 - step 3 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:11 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 14:54:02.192032 - step 4 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:11 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 15:24:02.192032 - step 5 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:13 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 15:54:02.192032 - step 6 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:13 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 16:24:02.192032 - step 7 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:14 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 16:54:02.192032 - step 8 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:14 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 17:24:02.192032 - step 9 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:15 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 17:54:02.192032 - step 10 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:15 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 18:24:02.192032 - step 11 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:16 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 18:54:02.192032 - step 12 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:16 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 19:24:02.192032 - step 13 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:18 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 19:54:02.192032 - step 14 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:18 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 20:24:02.192032 - step 15 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:19 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 20:54:02.192032 - step 16 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:19 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 21:24:02.192032 - step 17 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:20 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 21:54:02.192032 - step 18 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:20 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 22:24:02.192032 - step 19 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:21 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 22:54:02.192032 - step 20 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:21 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 23:24:02.192032 - step 21 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:23 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 23:54:02.192032 - step 22 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:23 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 00:24:02.192032 - step 23 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:24 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 00:54:02.192032 - step 24 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:24 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 01:24:02.192032 - step 25 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:25 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 01:54:02.192032 - step 26 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:25 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 02:24:02.192032 - step 27 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:27 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 02:54:02.192032 - step 28 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:27 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 03:24:02.192032 - step 29 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:28 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 03:54:02.192032 - step 30 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:28 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 04:24:02.192032 - step 31 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:29 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 04:54:02.192032 - step 32 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:29 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 05:24:02.192032 - step 33 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:31 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 05:54:02.192032 - step 34 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:31 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 06:24:02.192032 - step 35 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:32 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 06:54:02.192032 - step 36 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:32 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 07:24:02.192032 - step 37 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:33 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 07:54:02.192032 - step 38 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:33 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 08:24:02.192032 - step 39 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:34 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 08:54:02.192032 - step 40 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:35 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 09:24:02.192032 - step 41 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:36 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 09:54:02.192032 - step 42 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:36 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 10:24:02.192032 - step 43 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:37 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 10:54:02.192032 - step 44 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:37 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 11:24:02.192032 - step 45 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:39 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 11:54:02.192032 - step 46 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:39 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 12:24:02.192032 - step 47 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:24:40 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 12:54:02.192032 - step 48 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 9MB
Dimensions:                                   (trajectory: 2000, time: 49)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                (trajectory) int64 16kB 0 ... 1999
  * time                                      (time) datetime64[ns] 392B 2026...
Data variables: (12/22)
    status                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    moving                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    age_seconds                               (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    origin_marker                             (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lon                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lat                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    ...                                        ...
    horizontal_diffusivity                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_significant_height       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level           (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    land_binary_mask                          (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
Attributes: (12/121)
    Conventions:                                                           CF...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                              CF...
    featureType:                                                           tr...
    title:                                                                 Op...
    summary:                                                               Ou...
    keywords:                                                              tr...
    ...                                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                  de...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                             point
    runtime:                                                               0:...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                               -5...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                               0.0
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                          up

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • trajectory: 2000
  • time: 49
• Coordinates: (2)
  • trajectory
    (trajectory)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 ... 1996 1997 1998 1999

    cf_role :

    trajectory_id

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    array([   0,    1,    2, ..., 1997, 1998, 1999], shape=(2000,))

  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2026-07-14T13:24:02.192032 ... 2...

    standard_name :

    time

    long_name :

    time

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float64'>

    array(['2026-07-14T13:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-14T13:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-14T14:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-14T14:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-14T15:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-14T15:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-14T16:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-14T16:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-14T17:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-14T17:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-14T18:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-14T18:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-14T19:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-14T19:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-14T20:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-14T20:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-14T21:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-14T21:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-14T22:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-14T22:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-14T23:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-14T23:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-15T00:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-15T00:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-15T01:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-15T01:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-15T02:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-15T02:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-15T03:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-15T03:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-15T04:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-15T04:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-15T05:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-15T05:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-15T06:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-15T06:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-15T07:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-15T07:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-15T08:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-15T08:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-15T09:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-15T09:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-15T10:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-15T10:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-15T11:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-15T11:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-15T12:24:02.192032000', '2026-07-15T12:54:02.192032000',
           '2026-07-15T13:24:02.192032000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (22)
  • status
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    valid_range :

    [0 0]

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    active

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • moving
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    minval :

    1

    maxval :

    1

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • age_seconds
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 1.8e+03 ... 8.46e+04 8.64e+04

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    86400.0

    array([[    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           ...,
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • origin_marker
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    unit :

    description :

    An integer kept constant during the simulation. Different values may be used for different seedings, to separate elements during analysis. With GUI, only a single seeding is possible.

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    Seed_0

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lon
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    4.8 4.803 4.805 ... 4.844 4.847

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    long_name :

    longitude

    axis :

    X

    minval :

    4.767044

    maxval :

    4.9390826

    array([[4.8      , 4.802519 , 4.8052516, ..., 4.8539166, 4.8521137,
            4.85449  ],
           [4.8      , 4.806705 , 4.8069997, ..., 4.823497 , 4.8238707,
            4.8248363],
           [4.8      , 4.7969804, 4.8060837, ..., 4.8071404, 4.811146 ,
            4.812903 ],
           ...,
           [4.8      , 4.8051233, 4.808747 , ..., 4.876682 , 4.886632 ,
            4.889288 ],
           [4.8      , 4.796232 , 4.7951493, ..., 4.8343935, 4.8327327,
            4.82805  ],
           [4.8      , 4.8056617, 4.8087454, ..., 4.8423653, 4.844223 ,
            4.8471694]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    60.0 60.0 60.0 ... 60.13 60.13

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_north

    standard_name :

    latitude

    long_name :

    latitude

    axis :

    Y

    minval :

    59.93619

    maxval :

    60.186466

    array([[60.      , 60.000786, 59.998707, ..., 60.14128 , 60.14372 ,
            60.14455 ],
           [60.      , 60.003872, 60.008312, ..., 60.140976, 60.143093,
            60.14697 ],
           [60.      , 60.00268 , 60.003265, ..., 60.112366, 60.115578,
            60.119236],
           ...,
           [60.      , 59.99893 , 60.000137, ..., 60.135887, 60.13786 ,
            60.140068],
           [60.      , 60.000507, 60.004536, ..., 60.156303, 60.16098 ,
            60.163593],
           [60.      , 59.99847 , 60.001892, ..., 60.125916, 60.13051 ,
            60.134186]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -27.44 -27.33 ... -22.85 -22.97

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    z

    long_name :

    vertical position

    axis :

    Z

    positive :

    up

    minval :

    -51.791077

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[-27.440676, -27.33237 , -27.071571, ..., -24.675758, -24.918499,
            -24.545092],
           [-35.759468, -35.76846 , -35.597614, ..., -34.088795, -34.207336,
            -34.063587],
           [-30.138168, -30.067898, -29.85368 , ..., -28.179811, -28.156927,
            -28.048601],
           ...,
           [-24.00539 , -23.891296, -23.642076, ..., -21.308407, -21.540342,
            -21.009136],
           [-32.193203, -32.15191 , -31.944857, ..., -29.429258, -29.49777 ,
            -29.147705],
           [-25.088657, -24.94719 , -24.64686 , ..., -22.80287 , -22.845434,
            -22.966684]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • wind_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02 0.02 0.02 ... 0.02 0.02 0.02

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements at surface are moved with this fraction of the vind vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    0.02

    maxval :

    0.02

    array([[0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           ...,
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • current_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements are moved with this fraction of the current vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • terminal_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m/s

    description :

    Terminal rise/sinking velocity (buoyancy) in the ocean column

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.08914 0.09325 ... 0.01988 0.01988

    minval :

    -0.12106164

    maxval :

    0.107018605

    array([[ 0.0891443 ,  0.09324571,  0.09344893, ..., -0.00811875,
            -0.00380713, -0.00380713],
           [ 0.06369574,  0.06443594,  0.06482134, ...,  0.01018771,
             0.00788787,  0.00788787],
           [ 0.08089223,  0.08840523,  0.08305817, ...,  0.05075476,
             0.05743946,  0.05743946],
           ...,
           [ 0.09093497,  0.0924724 ,  0.08785741, ...,  0.02792208,
             0.02965806,  0.02965806],
           [ 0.07460553,  0.08294585,  0.08354238, ..., -0.0110846 ,
            -0.00836003, -0.00836003],
           [ 0.09633952,  0.09829119,  0.09246971, ...,  0.02112604,
             0.01988376,  0.01988376]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0171 0.02537 ... 0.1435 0.1435

    minval :

    -0.088233784

    maxval :

    0.4632691

    array([[0.01710369, 0.02537032, 0.03584874, ..., 0.18943873, 0.18346117,
            0.18346117],
           [0.01719751, 0.03161171, 0.04984582, ..., 0.15077743, 0.13722101,
            0.13722101],
           [0.01713411, 0.02526294, 0.04204413, ..., 0.1443816 , 0.13195284,
            0.13195284],
           ...,
           [0.01217974, 0.01996739, 0.03363544, ..., 0.17219989, 0.16592854,
            0.16592854],
           [0.01715729, 0.02464723, 0.04073241, ..., 0.16837355, 0.16501632,
            0.16501632],
           [0.01707716, 0.02411968, 0.03832741, ..., 0.15965277, 0.14349718,
            0.14349718]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.5078 -0.6014 ... -0.2503 -0.2503

    minval :

    -0.81622946

    maxval :

    0.13161871

    array([[-0.50779915, -0.60135907, -0.6659584 , ..., -0.14818962,
            -0.24950981, -0.24950981],
           [-0.50779915, -0.6017867 , -0.66838634, ..., -0.15258224,
            -0.25313824, -0.25313824],
           [-0.50779915, -0.60186493, -0.6669103 , ..., -0.15438458,
            -0.25455993, -0.25455993],
           ...,
           [-0.50779915, -0.6009276 , -0.66611314, ..., -0.14537923,
            -0.24556537, -0.24556537],
           [-0.50779915, -0.6015217 , -0.6676498 , ..., -0.15027328,
            -0.2527292 , -0.2527292 ],
           [-0.50779915, -0.6008239 , -0.6664796 , ..., -0.15058291,
            -0.25025162, -0.25025162]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    2.659 2.686 2.723 ... 2.917 2.917

    minval :

    0.5972666

    maxval :

    3.186588

    array([[2.6592357, 2.6856053, 2.7227895, ..., 2.8903978, 2.9866204,
            2.9866204],
           [2.6592357, 2.7046251, 2.7289493, ..., 2.633984 , 2.754272 ,
            2.754272 ],
           [2.6592357, 2.6591191, 2.7242374, ..., 2.525981 , 2.6486971,
            2.6486971],
           ...,
           [2.6592357, 2.698703 , 2.7375302, ..., 2.883876 , 2.9554036,
            2.9554036],
           [2.6592357, 2.6546757, 2.6723013, ..., 2.7485545, 2.848547 ,
            2.848547 ],
           [2.6592357, 2.7016191, 2.736253 , ..., 2.7751334, 2.916666 ,
            2.916666 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -8.342 -8.407 ... -7.329 -7.329

    minval :

    -8.833495

    maxval :

    -4.9427147

    array([[-8.342167 , -8.407235 , -8.539166 , ..., -7.42987  , -7.281034 ,
            -7.281034 ],
           [-8.342167 , -8.385833 , -8.526011 , ..., -7.519872 , -7.36482  ,
            -7.36482  ],
           [-8.342167 , -8.432758 , -8.53214  , ..., -7.5551405, -7.406765 ,
            -7.406765 ],
           ...,
           [-8.342167 , -8.395865 , -8.522608 , ..., -7.363454 , -7.1933064,
            -7.1933064],
           [-8.342167 , -8.436743 , -8.578598 , ..., -7.466554 , -7.3134456,
            -7.3134456],
           [-8.342167 , -8.393634 , -8.52126  , ..., -7.475929 , -7.329038 ,
            -7.329038 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • upward_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    6.017e-05 0.0001449 ... -6.736e-05

    minval :

    -0.0006030906

    maxval :

    0.00057936454

    array([[ 6.01691718e-05,  1.44888036e-04,  1.47979285e-04, ...,
            -1.34856207e-04,  2.07448946e-04,  2.07448946e-04],
           [-4.99493535e-06,  9.49148452e-05,  1.25368650e-04, ...,
            -6.58574209e-05,  7.98606634e-05,  7.98606634e-05],
           [ 3.90387358e-05,  1.19009674e-04,  1.31531051e-04, ...,
             1.27134253e-05,  6.01810971e-05,  6.01810971e-05],
           ...,
           [ 6.33858654e-05,  1.38455114e-04,  1.12814421e-04, ...,
            -1.28853106e-04,  2.95114325e-04,  2.95114325e-04],
           [ 2.29409088e-05,  1.15028597e-04,  1.18854441e-04, ...,
            -3.80622005e-05,  1.94480584e-04,  1.94480584e-04],
           [ 7.85933807e-05,  1.66849670e-04,  1.27788458e-04, ...,
            -2.36467877e-05, -6.73611066e-05, -6.73611066e-05]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • horizontal_diffusivity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    10.0 10.0 10.0 ... 10.0 10.0 10.0

    minval :

    10.0

    maxval :

    10.0

    array([[10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           ...,
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_significant_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.886 1.916 1.976 ... 1.531 1.531

    minval :

    0.65577763

    maxval :

    2.102317

    array([[1.8859167, 1.9161946, 1.9761412, ..., 1.5635113, 1.5235605,
            1.5235605],
           [1.8859167, 1.9098747, 1.9714448, ..., 1.5617641, 1.520934 ,
            1.520934 ],
           [1.8859167, 1.9232852, 1.9733844, ..., 1.5611339, 1.5221438,
            1.5221438],
           ...,
           [1.8859167, 1.9132293, 1.971171 , ..., 1.538415 , 1.4877603,
            1.4877603],
           [1.8859167, 1.9243578, 1.9860451, ..., 1.5572779, 1.5153774,
            1.5153774],
           [1.8859167, 1.9126948, 1.9704344, ..., 1.5643356, 1.5306548,
            1.5306548]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    275.7 274.9 275.1 ... 291.6 291.6

    minval :

    178.6877

    maxval :

    328.4961

    array([[275.67816, 274.92233, 275.13974, ..., 271.66284, 270.29514,
            270.29514],
           [275.67816, 273.00015, 272.5267 , ..., 296.64532, 294.2585 ,
            294.2585 ],
           [275.67816, 275.3808 , 273.33966, ..., 317.02005, 315.98825,
            315.98825],
           ...,
           [275.67816, 275.0799 , 273.8917 , ..., 255.93654, 242.86159,
            242.86159],
           [275.67816, 276.20276, 275.20212, ..., 269.09402, 264.7707 ,
            264.7707 ],
           [275.67816, 275.14957, 273.24298, ..., 295.96945, 291.5948 ,
            291.5948 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • land_binary_mask
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

• Attributes: (121)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.11, ACDD-1.3

  standard_name_vocabulary :

  CF Standard Name Table v85

  featureType :

  trajectory

  title :

  OpenDrift trajectory simulation

  summary :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift framework

  keywords :

  trajectory, drift, lagrangian, simulation

  history :

  Created 2026-07-14 13:24:06.319316

  date_created :

  2026-07-14T13:24:06.319331

  source :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift

  model_url :

  https://github.com/OpenDrift/opendrift

  opendrift_class :

  OceanDrift

  opendrift_module :

  opendrift.models.oceandrift

  readers :

  odict_keys(['LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'constant_reader', 'global_landmask'])

  time_coverage_start :

  2026-07-14 13:24:02.192032

  time_step_calculation :

  0:30:00

  time_step_output :

  0:30:00

  config_environment:constant:x_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:x_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:horizontal_diffusivity :

  10.0

  config_environment:fallback:horizontal_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  config_environment:constant:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  config_environment:constant:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_general:use_auto_landmask :

  True

  config_drift:current_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:current_uncertainty_uniform :

  0

  config_drift:max_speed :

  2.0

  config_readers:max_number_of_fails :

  1

  config_general:simulation_name :

  config_general:coastline_action :

  stranding

  config_general:coastline_approximation_precision :

  0.001

  config_general:time_step_minutes :

  60

  config_general:time_step_output_minutes :

  None

  config_seed:ocean_only :

  True

  config_seed:number :

  1

  config_drift:max_age_seconds :

  None

  config_drift:advection_scheme :

  euler

  config_drift:profiles_depth :

  50

  config_drift:wind_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:relative_wind :

  False

  config_drift:deactivate_north_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_south_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_east_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_west_of :

  None

  config_seed:origin_marker :

  0

  config_seed:z :

  0

  config_seed:wind_drift_factor :

  0.02

  config_seed:current_drift_factor :

  1

  config_seed:terminal_velocity :

  0.0

  config_drift:vertical_advection :

  True

  config_drift:vertical_advection_at_surface :

  False

  config_drift:water_column_stretching :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_correction :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing_at_surface :

  False

  config_vertical_mixing:timestep :

  60

  config_vertical_mixing:diffusivitymodel :

  environment

  config_vertical_mixing:background_diffusivity :

  1.2e-05

  config_vertical_mixing:TSprofiles :

  False

  config_drift:wind_drift_depth :

  0.1

  config_drift:stokes_drift :

  True

  config_drift:stokes_drift_profile :

  Phillips

  config_drift:use_tabularised_stokes_drift :

  False

  config_drift:tabularised_stokes_drift_fetch :

  25000

  config_general:seafloor_action :

  lift_to_seafloor

  config_drift:truncate_ocean_model_below_m :

  None

  config_seed:seafloor :

  False

  opendrift_version :

  1.14.10

  seed_geojson :

  {"features": [], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

  simulation_time :

  2026-07-14 13:24:06.430625

  reader_x_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_sea_surface_height :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_x_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_upward_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_horizontal_diffusivity :

  10.0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_land_binary_mask :

  ['global_landmask']

  time_coverage_end :

  2026-07-15 13:24:02.192032

  time_coverage_duration :

  P1DT0H0M0S

  time_coverage_resolution :

  P0DT0H30M0S

  performance :

  -------------------- Reader performance: -------------------- constant_reader 0:00:00.0 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.0 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- global_landmask 0:00:00.0 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.0 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be 0:00:30.6 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:30.2 reading 0:00:00.7 interpolation 0:00:00.0 interpolation_time 0:00:00.3 rotating vectors 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- Performance: 38.2 total time 4.1 configuration 0.1 preparing main loop 0.0 moving elements to ocean 34.0 main loop 0.1 updating elements 0.0 cleaning up --------------------

  geospatial_bounds_crs :

  EPSG:4326

  geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs :

  EPSG:5831

  geospatial_lat_min :

  59.93619

  geospatial_lat_max :

  60.186466

  geospatial_lat_units :

  degrees_north

  geospatial_lat_resolution :

  point

  geospatial_lon_min :

  4.767044

  geospatial_lon_max :

  4.9390826

  geospatial_lon_units :

  degrees_east

  geospatial_lon_resolution :

  point

  runtime :

  0:00:38.282574

  geospatial_vertical_min :

  -51.791077

  geospatial_vertical_max :

  0.0

  geospatial_vertical_positive :

  up

Plot results with lines and particles colored by depth

print(o)
o.plot(linecolor='z', buffer=.1, show_elements=False)
o.animation(color='z', buffer=.1)

===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
constant_reader
 0:00:00.0  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:00.0  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
global_landmask
 0:00:00.0  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:00.0  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
 0:00:30.6  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:30.2  reading
 0:00:00.7  interpolation
 0:00:00.0  interpolation_time
 0:00:00.3  rotating vectors
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
Performance:
   38.2 total time
    4.1 configuration
    0.1 preparing main loop
      0.0 moving elements to ocean
   34.0 main loop
      0.1 updating elements
    0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.10)
        2000 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  horizontal_diffusivity
     1) constant_reader
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
     1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity

Discarded readers:

Time:
        Start: 2026-07-14 13:24:02.192032 UTC
        Present: 2026-07-15 13:24:02.192032 UTC
        Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
        Output steps: 49 * 0:30:00
===========================

13:25:32 INFO    opendrift:4795: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_depth_0.gif...
13:25:46 INFO    opendrift:3215: Time to make animation: 0:00:15.236280