Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
Drift at different depths
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift
o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20) # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information
09:40:15 INFO opendrift:507: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.2 / v1.14.2-21-g950aeec)
Using live data from Thredds
o.add_readers_from_list([
'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be'])
Adding some diffusion
o.set_config('drift:horizontal_diffusivity', 10) # m2/s
Seed 1000 elements at random depths
z = -np.random.rand(2000)*50
o.seed_elements(lon=4.8, lat=60.0, z=z, radius=0, number=2000,
time=datetime.utcnow())
print(o)
/root/project/examples/example_depth.py:26: DeprecationWarning: datetime.datetime.utcnow() is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version. Use timezone-aware objects to represent datetimes in UTC: datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC).
time=datetime.utcnow())
09:40:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:206: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:229: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: x_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_surface_height: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: x_wind: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: y_wind: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_surface_swell_wave_to_direction: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_surface_swell_wave_peak_period_from_variance_spectral_density: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_surface_swell_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_surface_wind_wave_to_direction: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_surface_wind_wave_mean_period: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_surface_wind_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: surface_downward_x_stress: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: surface_downward_y_stress: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: turbulent_kinetic_energy: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: turbulent_generic_length_scale: 0.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
===========================
Model: OceanDrift (OpenDrift version 1.14.2)
0 active Lagrangian3DArray particles (0 deactivated, 2000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_surface_height
sea_surface_swell_wave_peak_period_from_variance_spectral_density
sea_surface_swell_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_swell_wave_to_direction
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
sea_surface_wind_wave_mean_period
sea_surface_wind_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wind_wave_to_direction
surface_downward_x_stress
surface_downward_y_stress
turbulent_generic_length_scale
turbulent_kinetic_energy
upward_sea_water_velocity
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be
Discarded readers:
===========================
Running model
o.run(duration=timedelta(hours=24), time_step=1800)
09:40:19 INFO opendrift:911: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask
09:40:19 INFO opendrift:940: All points are in ocean
09:40:19 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 09:40:15.218833 - step 1 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:19 INFO opendrift.readers:61: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
09:40:20 INFO opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:332: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
09:40:26 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 10:10:15.218833 - step 2 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:27 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 10:40:15.218833 - step 3 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:27 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 11:10:15.218833 - step 4 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:28 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 11:40:15.218833 - step 5 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:29 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 12:10:15.218833 - step 6 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:30 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 12:40:15.218833 - step 7 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:30 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 13:10:15.218833 - step 8 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:31 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 13:40:15.218833 - step 9 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:31 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 14:10:15.218833 - step 10 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:33 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 14:40:15.218833 - step 11 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:33 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 15:10:15.218833 - step 12 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:34 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 15:40:15.218833 - step 13 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:34 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 16:10:15.218833 - step 14 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:36 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 16:40:15.218833 - step 15 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:36 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 17:10:15.218833 - step 16 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:37 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 17:40:15.218833 - step 17 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:37 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 18:10:15.218833 - step 18 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:38 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 18:40:15.218833 - step 19 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:39 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 19:10:15.218833 - step 20 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:40 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 19:40:15.218833 - step 21 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:40 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 20:10:15.218833 - step 22 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:41 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 20:40:15.218833 - step 23 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:41 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 21:10:15.218833 - step 24 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:43 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 21:40:15.218833 - step 25 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:43 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 22:10:15.218833 - step 26 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:45 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 22:40:15.218833 - step 27 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:45 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 23:10:15.218833 - step 28 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:46 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-28 23:40:15.218833 - step 29 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:46 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 00:10:15.218833 - step 30 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:48 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 00:40:15.218833 - step 31 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:48 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 01:10:15.218833 - step 32 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:49 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 01:40:15.218833 - step 33 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:49 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 02:10:15.218833 - step 34 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:51 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 02:40:15.218833 - step 35 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:51 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 03:10:15.218833 - step 36 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:52 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 03:40:15.218833 - step 37 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:54 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 04:10:15.218833 - step 38 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:55 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 04:40:15.218833 - step 39 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:40:57 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 05:10:15.218833 - step 40 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
09:40:59 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 05:40:15.218833 - step 41 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
09:40:59 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 06:10:15.218833 - step 42 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
09:41:00 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 06:40:15.218833 - step 43 of 48 - 1998 active elements (2 deactivated)
09:41:00 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 07:10:15.218833 - step 44 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
09:41:02 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 07:40:15.218833 - step 45 of 48 - 1996 active elements (4 deactivated)
09:41:02 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 08:10:15.218833 - step 46 of 48 - 1995 active elements (5 deactivated)
09:41:03 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 08:40:15.218833 - step 47 of 48 - 1992 active elements (8 deactivated)
09:41:03 INFO opendrift:2102: 2025-05-29 09:10:15.218833 - step 48 of 48 - 1992 active elements (8 deactivated)
Plot results with lines and particles colored by depth
print(o)
o.plot(linecolor='z', buffer=.1, show_elements=False)
o.animation(color='z', buffer=.1)
===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
global_landmask
0:00:01.6 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:01.6 reading
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be
0:00:39.2 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:38.8 reading
0:00:00.6 interpolation
0:00:00.0 interpolation_time
0:00:00.3 rotating vectors
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
Performance:
50.4 total time
4.0 configuration
0.0 preparing main loop
0.0 moving elements to ocean
46.3 main loop
0.0 updating elements
0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model: OceanDrift (OpenDrift version 1.14.2)
1989 active Lagrangian3DArray particles (11 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_surface_height
upward_sea_water_velocity
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_surface_swell_wave_peak_period_from_variance_spectral_density
sea_surface_swell_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_swell_wave_to_direction
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
sea_surface_wind_wave_mean_period
sea_surface_wind_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wind_wave_to_direction
surface_downward_x_stress
surface_downward_y_stress
turbulent_generic_length_scale
turbulent_kinetic_energy
Discarded readers:
Time:
Start: 2025-05-28 09:40:15.218833 UTC
Present: 2025-05-29 09:40:15.218833 UTC
Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
Output steps: 49 * 0:30:00
===========================
09:42:40 INFO opendrift:4609: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_depth_0.gif...
09:43:20 INFO opendrift:3062: Time to make animation: 0:00:40.938667
Total running time of the script: (3 minutes 13.186 seconds)