Drift at different depths

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift

o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20)  # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information

15:33:38 INFO    opendrift:569: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.11 / v1.14.12-32-g22db1c0)

Using live data from Thredds

o.add_readers_from_list([
    'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be'])

Adding some diffusion

o.set_config('environment:constant:horizontal_diffusivity', 10)  # m2/s

Seed 1000 elements at random depths

z = -np.random.rand(2000)*50
o.seed_elements(lon=4.8, lat=60.0, z=z, radius=0, number=2000,
                time=datetime.now())

print(o)

15:33:38 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_wind: 0.000000
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_wind: 0.000000
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.11)
        0 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 2000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  horizontal_diffusivity
     1) constant_reader
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
  ocean_vertical_diffusivity
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
  LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be

Discarded readers:
===========================

Running model

o.run(duration=timedelta(hours=24), time_step=1800)

15:33:44 INFO    opendrift:1910: Skipping environment variable ocean_vertical_diffusivity because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift:1910: Skipping environment variable ocean_mixed_layer_thickness because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift:1921: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift:1921: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
15:33:44 INFO    opendrift:1929: Storing previous values of environment variable sea_surface_height because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', True]
15:33:45 INFO    opendrift:958: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
15:33:45 INFO    opendrift:989: All points are in ocean
15:33:45 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 15:33:38.757230 - step 1 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:33:45 INFO    opendrift.readers:67: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
15:33:46 INFO    opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:340: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
15:33:46 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
15:33:46 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
15:33:46 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
15:33:46 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
15:33:50 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 16:03:38.757230 - step 2 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:33:52 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 16:33:38.757230 - step 3 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:33:52 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 17:03:38.757230 - step 4 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:33:53 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 17:33:38.757230 - step 5 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:33:53 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 18:03:38.757230 - step 6 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:33:55 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 18:33:38.757230 - step 7 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:33:55 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 19:03:38.757230 - step 8 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:33:56 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 19:33:38.757230 - step 9 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:33:56 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 20:03:38.757230 - step 10 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:33:57 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 20:33:38.757230 - step 11 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:33:57 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 21:03:38.757230 - step 12 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:33:59 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 21:33:38.757230 - step 13 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:33:59 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 22:03:38.757230 - step 14 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:34:00 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 22:33:38.757230 - step 15 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:34:00 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 23:03:38.757230 - step 16 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:34:01 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-05 23:33:38.757230 - step 17 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:34:01 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 00:03:38.757230 - step 18 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:34:03 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 00:33:38.757230 - step 19 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:34:03 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 01:03:38.757230 - step 20 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:34:04 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 01:33:38.757230 - step 21 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
15:34:04 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 02:03:38.757230 - step 22 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
15:34:05 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 02:33:38.757230 - step 23 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
15:34:05 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 03:03:38.757230 - step 24 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
15:34:07 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 03:33:38.757230 - step 25 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
15:34:07 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 04:03:38.757230 - step 26 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
15:34:10 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 04:33:38.757230 - step 27 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
15:34:10 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 05:03:38.757230 - step 28 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
15:34:11 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 05:33:38.757230 - step 29 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
15:34:11 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 06:03:38.757230 - step 30 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
15:34:13 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 06:33:38.757230 - step 31 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
15:34:13 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 07:03:38.757230 - step 32 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
15:34:14 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 07:33:38.757230 - step 33 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
15:34:15 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 08:03:38.757230 - step 34 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
15:34:16 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 08:33:38.757230 - step 35 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
15:34:16 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 09:03:38.757230 - step 36 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
15:34:17 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 09:33:38.757230 - step 37 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
15:34:18 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 10:03:38.757230 - step 38 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
15:34:19 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 10:33:38.757230 - step 39 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
15:34:19 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 11:03:38.757230 - step 40 of 48 - 1996 active elements (4 deactivated)
15:34:21 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 11:33:38.757230 - step 41 of 48 - 1995 active elements (5 deactivated)
15:34:21 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 12:03:38.757230 - step 42 of 48 - 1993 active elements (7 deactivated)
15:34:22 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 12:33:38.757230 - step 43 of 48 - 1992 active elements (8 deactivated)
15:34:22 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 13:03:38.757230 - step 44 of 48 - 1992 active elements (8 deactivated)
15:34:23 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 13:33:38.757230 - step 45 of 48 - 1992 active elements (8 deactivated)
15:34:23 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 14:03:38.757230 - step 46 of 48 - 1992 active elements (8 deactivated)
15:34:25 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 14:33:38.757230 - step 47 of 48 - 1992 active elements (8 deactivated)
15:34:25 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-10-06 15:03:38.757230 - step 48 of 48 - 1992 active elements (8 deactivated)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 9MB
Dimensions:                                   (trajectory: 2000, time: 49)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                (trajectory) int64 16kB 0 ... 1999
  * time                                      (time) datetime64[ns] 392B 2026...
Data variables: (12/22)
    status                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    moving                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    age_seconds                               (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    origin_marker                             (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lon                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lat                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    ...                                        ...
    horizontal_diffusivity                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_significant_height       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level           (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    land_binary_mask                          (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
Attributes: (12/121)
    Conventions:                                                           CF...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                              CF...
    featureType:                                                           tr...
    title:                                                                 Op...
    summary:                                                               Ou...
    keywords:                                                              tr...
    ...                                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                  de...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                             point
    runtime:                                                               0:...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                               -6...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                               0.0
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                          up

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • trajectory: 2000
  • time: 49
• Coordinates: (2)
  • trajectory
    (trajectory)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 ... 1996 1997 1998 1999

    cf_role :

    trajectory_id

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    array([   0,    1,    2, ..., 1997, 1998, 1999], shape=(2000,))

  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2026-10-05T15:33:38.757230 ... 2...

    standard_name :

    time

    long_name :

    time

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float64'>

    array(['2026-10-05T15:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-05T16:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-05T16:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-05T17:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-05T17:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-05T18:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-05T18:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-05T19:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-05T19:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-05T20:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-05T20:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-05T21:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-05T21:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-05T22:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-05T22:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-05T23:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-05T23:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-06T00:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-06T00:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-06T01:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-06T01:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-06T02:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-06T02:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-06T03:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-06T03:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-06T04:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-06T04:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-06T05:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-06T05:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-06T06:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-06T06:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-06T07:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-06T07:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-06T08:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-06T08:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-06T09:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-06T09:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-06T10:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-06T10:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-06T11:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-06T11:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-06T12:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-06T12:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-06T13:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-06T13:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-06T14:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-06T14:33:38.757230000', '2026-10-06T15:03:38.757230000',
           '2026-10-06T15:33:38.757230000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (22)
  • status
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    valid_range :

    [0 1]

    flag_values :

    [0 1]

    flag_meanings :

    active stranded

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • moving
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    1

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • age_seconds
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 1.8e+03 ... 8.46e+04 8.64e+04

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    86400.0

    array([[    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           ...,
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • origin_marker
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    unit :

    description :

    An integer kept constant during the simulation. Different values may be used for different seedings, to separate elements during analysis. With GUI, only a single seeding is possible.

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    Seed_0

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lon
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    4.8 4.8 4.8 ... 4.777 4.777 4.77

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    long_name :

    longitude

    axis :

    X

    minval :

    4.6598186

    maxval :

    5.0464077

    array([[4.8      , 4.8000193, 4.800202 , ..., 4.735393 , 4.73845  ,
            4.7316117],
           [4.8      , 4.8043413, 4.802251 , ..., 4.734789 , 4.7363276,
            4.734258 ],
           [4.8      , 4.7945237, 4.8008356, ..., 4.7647257, 4.7563376,
            4.7573013],
           ...,
           [4.8      , 4.802801 , 4.804116 , ..., 4.779571 , 4.7818108,
            4.7845793],
           [4.8      , 4.7938085, 4.7899423, ..., 4.739319 , 4.7409782,
            4.741871 ],
           [4.8      , 4.803125 , 4.80366  , ..., 4.777438 , 4.776503 ,
            4.7699513]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    60.0 60.01 60.01 ... 60.3 60.31

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_north

    standard_name :

    latitude

    long_name :

    latitude

    axis :

    Y

    minval :

    59.99943

    maxval :

    60.356747

    array([[60.      , 60.006588, 60.010155, ..., 60.290222, 60.296112,
            60.30237 ],
           [60.      , 60.00934 , 60.01911 , ..., 60.252975, 60.25863 ,
            60.266018],
           [60.      , 60.008373, 60.01435 , ..., 60.289673, 60.298946,
            60.30659 ],
           ...,
           [60.      , 60.004917, 60.01195 , ..., 60.317066, 60.328648,
            60.33893 ],
           [60.      , 60.00612 , 60.015446, ..., 60.262905, 60.268814,
            60.27731 ],
           [60.      , 60.004364, 60.01353 , ..., 60.287724, 60.29691 ,
            60.3061  ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -27.44 -26.85 ... -18.85 -18.92

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    z

    long_name :

    vertical position

    axis :

    Z

    positive :

    up

    minval :

    -60.71239

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[-27.440676, -26.850456, -26.088873, ..., -24.042843, -24.362024,
            -24.51922 ],
           [-35.759468, -35.085636, -34.246574, ..., -40.58332 , -40.545746,
            -40.44658 ],
           [-30.138168, -29.520836, -28.928213, ..., -25.03345 , -25.13989 ,
            -25.24248 ],
           ...,
           [-24.00539 , -23.459175, -22.745289, ..., -15.729749, -15.780578,
            -15.927901],
           [-32.193203, -31.555216, -30.881338, ..., -31.437593, -31.345022,
            -31.2672  ],
           [-25.088657, -24.522078, -23.7886  , ..., -18.817972, -18.847712,
            -18.915657]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • wind_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02 0.02 0.02 ... 0.02 0.02 0.02

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements at surface are moved with this fraction of the vind vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    0.02

    maxval :

    0.02

    array([[0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           ...,
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • current_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements are moved with this fraction of the current vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • terminal_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m/s

    description :

    Terminal rise/sinking velocity (buoyancy) in the ocean column

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.01166 0.01419 ... -0.09139

    minval :

    -0.14650643

    maxval :

    0.28558272

    array([[ 0.01165967,  0.01419176,  0.0159089 , ..., -0.07243838,
            -0.06769456, -0.06769456],
           [-0.00960725, -0.00947583, -0.00989726, ..., -0.03241877,
            -0.0260725 , -0.0260725 ],
           [ 0.00476356,  0.00180584,  0.00703165, ..., -0.08345704,
            -0.07600123, -0.07600123],
           ...,
           [ 0.01893291,  0.02087509,  0.02137609, ..., -0.11813714,
            -0.11428832, -0.11428832],
           [-0.00049012, -0.00329471, -0.00503239, ..., -0.04432236,
            -0.03846551, -0.03846551],
           [ 0.01767258,  0.01929504,  0.01995227, ..., -0.09119106,
            -0.09138939, -0.09138939]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.376 0.3749 ... 0.5368 0.5368

    minval :

    -0.07920909

    maxval :

    0.6230298

    array([[0.37601727, 0.37493625, 0.35853934, ..., 0.44938257, 0.4578803 ,
            0.4578803 ],
           [0.3555574 , 0.3616548 , 0.34128872, ..., 0.4355822 , 0.440637  ,
            0.440637  ],
           [0.36938286, 0.35925215, 0.35512015, ..., 0.5135549 , 0.50537133,
            0.50537133],
           ...,
           [0.3824939 , 0.38086686, 0.36796376, ..., 0.5633706 , 0.58183444,
            0.58183444],
           [0.36432856, 0.35271904, 0.33128873, ..., 0.44523606, 0.4529889 ,
            0.4529889 ],
           [0.381802  , 0.37970322, 0.36770487, ..., 0.52844167, 0.536798  ,
            0.536798  ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.004396 0.02813 ... -0.1812

    minval :

    -0.5081069

    maxval :

    0.08262777

    array([[-0.00439594,  0.02813054,  0.03225588, ..., -0.26255178,
            -0.19567318, -0.19567318],
           [-0.00439594,  0.02954805,  0.0335259 , ..., -0.26581362,
            -0.20093586, -0.20093586],
           [-0.00439594,  0.02645191,  0.03254492, ..., -0.25170186,
            -0.18908302, -0.18908302],
           ...,
           [-0.00439594,  0.02910363,  0.03351011, ..., -0.24238627,
            -0.17398438, -0.17398438],
           [-0.00439594,  0.02618558,  0.02929978, ..., -0.26389104,
            -0.19880879, -0.19880879],
           [-0.00439594,  0.02922104,  0.03339833, ..., -0.24671572,
            -0.1812262 , -0.1812262 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    11.21 11.35 11.33 ... 8.056 8.056

    minval :

    7.9408865

    maxval :

    12.135403

    array([[11.20897  , 11.346405 , 11.326086 , ...,  8.436955 ,  8.047212 ,
             8.047212 ],
           [11.20897  , 11.337949 , 11.334318 , ...,  8.391973 ,  8.006542 ,
             8.006542 ],
           [11.20897  , 11.364212 , 11.330071 , ...,  8.459375 ,  8.069541 ,
             8.069541 ],
           ...,
           [11.20897  , 11.340091 , 11.314038 , ...,  8.461125 ,  8.080763 ,
             8.080763 ],
           [11.20897  , 11.364174 , 11.3742285, ...,  8.409451 ,  8.032815 ,
             8.032815 ],
           [11.20897  , 11.3394165, 11.318216 , ...,  8.441775 ,  8.055572 ,
             8.055572 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    2.602 2.39 2.356 ... 0.8299 0.8299

    minval :

    -0.39484802

    maxval :

    2.6016705

    array([[2.6016705 , 2.3898168 , 2.3560078 , ..., 0.6243729 , 0.88731784,
            0.88731784],
           [2.6016705 , 2.3958843 , 2.3769166 , ..., 0.560549  , 0.8034298 ,
            0.8034298 ],
           [2.6016705 , 2.3937433 , 2.3648057 , ..., 0.6060294 , 0.8717499 ,
            0.8717499 ],
           ...,
           [2.6016705 , 2.3873873 , 2.3601272 , ..., 0.64282423, 0.9539328 ,
            0.9539328 ],
           [2.6016705 , 2.3874326 , 2.368378  , ..., 0.5629535 , 0.81567   ,
            0.81567   ],
           [2.6016705 , 2.3864021 , 2.363314  , ..., 0.58153623, 0.8299326 ,
            0.8299326 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • upward_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0003279 0.0004231 ... -3.775e-05

    minval :

    -0.0010040434

    maxval :

    0.0007967686

    array([[ 3.2789991e-04,  4.2310212e-04,  2.0932058e-04, ...,
            -1.7732313e-04, -8.7331486e-05, -8.7331486e-05],
           [ 3.7435064e-04,  4.6614636e-04,  2.5929321e-05, ...,
             2.0874639e-05,  5.5092743e-05,  5.5092743e-05],
           [ 3.4296224e-04,  3.2923496e-04,  1.4634832e-04, ...,
            -5.9134371e-05, -5.6993846e-05, -5.6993846e-05],
           ...,
           [ 3.0345231e-04,  3.9660349e-04,  1.8084321e-04, ...,
            -2.8238112e-05, -8.1846520e-05, -8.1846520e-05],
           [ 3.5443722e-04,  3.7437654e-04,  3.2571286e-05, ...,
             5.1428055e-05,  4.3234122e-05,  4.3234122e-05],
           [ 3.1476663e-04,  4.0748745e-04,  1.6742658e-04, ...,
            -1.6521397e-05, -3.7747177e-05, -3.7747177e-05]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • horizontal_diffusivity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    10.0 10.0 10.0 ... 10.0 10.0 10.0

    minval :

    10.0

    maxval :

    10.0

    array([[10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           ...,
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_significant_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    3.257 3.308 3.292 ... 1.613 1.613

    minval :

    1.5672691

    maxval :

    3.6407743

    array([[3.2572782, 3.3075223, 3.2922423, ..., 1.7606725, 1.6124058,
            1.6124058],
           [3.2572782, 3.303518 , 3.2992659, ..., 1.7401898, 1.5928552,
            1.5928552],
           [3.2572782, 3.3179328, 3.2954848, ..., 1.7694365, 1.6205852,
            1.6205852],
           ...,
           [3.2572782, 3.3037128, 3.286011 , ..., 1.771295 , 1.6287346,
            1.6287346],
           [3.2572782, 3.3171692, 3.320564 , ..., 1.74748  , 1.6037093,
            1.6037093],
           [3.2572782, 3.303221 , 3.2887063, ..., 1.7614032, 1.6132932,
            1.6132932]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    275.7 273.7 273.7 ... 288.7 288.7

    minval :

    13.952553

    maxval :

    333.81534

    array([[275.6787 , 273.65036, 273.7129 , ..., 319.72018, 319.593  ,
            319.593  ],
           [275.6787 , 272.97586, 275.62112, ..., 309.8744 , 311.84436,
            311.84436],
           [275.6787 , 274.54196, 273.88297, ..., 301.84583, 308.89206,
            308.89206],
           ...,
           [275.6787 , 273.51385, 273.09375, ..., 278.02115, 268.69467,
            268.69467],
           [275.6787 , 275.05853, 275.90497, ..., 312.44333, 313.54688,
            313.54688],
           [275.6787 , 273.61636, 273.25922, ..., 289.3398 , 288.6907 ,
            288.6907 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • land_binary_mask
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

• Attributes: (121)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.11, ACDD-1.3

  standard_name_vocabulary :

  CF Standard Name Table v85

  featureType :

  trajectory

  title :

  OpenDrift trajectory simulation

  summary :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift framework

  keywords :

  trajectory, drift, lagrangian, simulation

  history :

  Created 2026-10-05 15:33:44.881476

  date_created :

  2026-10-05T15:33:44.881506

  source :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift

  model_url :

  https://github.com/OpenDrift/opendrift

  opendrift_class :

  OceanDrift

  opendrift_module :

  opendrift.models.oceandrift

  readers :

  odict_keys(['LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'constant_reader', 'global_landmask'])

  time_coverage_start :

  2026-10-05 15:33:38.757230

  time_step_calculation :

  0:30:00

  time_step_output :

  0:30:00

  config_environment:constant:x_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:x_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:horizontal_diffusivity :

  10.0

  config_environment:fallback:horizontal_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  config_environment:constant:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  config_environment:constant:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_general:use_auto_landmask :

  True

  config_drift:current_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:current_uncertainty_uniform :

  0

  config_drift:max_speed :

  2.0

  config_readers:max_number_of_fails :

  1

  config_general:simulation_name :

  config_general:coastline_action :

  stranding

  config_general:coastline_approximation_precision :

  0.001

  config_general:time_step_minutes :

  60

  config_general:time_step_output_minutes :

  None

  config_seed:ocean_only :

  True

  config_seed:number :

  1

  config_drift:max_age_seconds :

  None

  config_drift:advection_scheme :

  euler

  config_drift:profiles_depth :

  50

  config_drift:wind_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:relative_wind :

  False

  config_drift:deactivate_north_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_south_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_east_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_west_of :

  None

  config_seed:origin_marker :

  0

  config_seed:z :

  0

  config_seed:wind_drift_factor :

  0.02

  config_seed:current_drift_factor :

  1

  config_seed:terminal_velocity :

  0.0

  config_drift:vertical_advection :

  True

  config_drift:vertical_advection_at_surface :

  False

  config_drift:water_column_stretching :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_correction :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing_at_surface :

  False

  config_vertical_mixing:timestep :

  60

  config_vertical_mixing:diffusivitymodel :

  environment

  config_vertical_mixing:background_diffusivity :

  1.2e-05

  config_vertical_mixing:TSprofiles :

  False

  config_drift:wind_drift_depth :

  0.1

  config_drift:stokes_drift :

  True

  config_drift:stokes_drift_profile :

  Phillips

  config_drift:use_tabularised_stokes_drift :

  False

  config_drift:tabularised_stokes_drift_fetch :

  25000

  config_general:seafloor_action :

  lift_to_seafloor

  config_drift:truncate_ocean_model_below_m :

  None

  config_seed:seafloor :

  False

  opendrift_version :

  1.14.11

  seed_geojson :

  {"features": [], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

  simulation_time :

  2026-10-05 15:33:45.124723

  reader_x_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_sea_surface_height :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_x_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_upward_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_horizontal_diffusivity :

  10.0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_land_binary_mask :

  ['global_landmask']

  time_coverage_end :

  2026-10-06 15:33:38.757230

  time_coverage_duration :

  P1DT0H0M0S

  time_coverage_resolution :

  P0DT0H30M0S

  performance :

  -------------------- Reader performance: -------------------- constant_reader 0:00:00.0 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.0 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- global_landmask 0:00:00.0 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.0 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be 0:00:37.9 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:37.5 reading 0:00:00.8 interpolation 0:00:00.0 interpolation_time 0:00:00.4 rotating vectors 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- Performance: 47.8 total time 6.1 configuration 0.2 preparing main loop 0.0 moving elements to ocean 41.4 main loop 0.1 updating elements 0.0 cleaning up --------------------

  geospatial_bounds_crs :

  EPSG:4326

  geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs :

  EPSG:5831

  geospatial_lat_min :

  59.99943

  geospatial_lat_max :

  60.356747

  geospatial_lat_units :

  degrees_north

  geospatial_lat_resolution :

  point

  geospatial_lon_min :

  4.6598186

  geospatial_lon_max :

  5.0464077

  geospatial_lon_units :

  degrees_east

  geospatial_lon_resolution :

  point

  runtime :

  0:00:47.897536

  geospatial_vertical_min :

  -60.71239

  geospatial_vertical_max :

  0.0

  geospatial_vertical_positive :

  up

Plot results with lines and particles colored by depth

print(o)
o.plot(linecolor='z', buffer=.1, show_elements=False)
o.animation(color='z', buffer=.1)

===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
constant_reader
 0:00:00.0  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:00.0  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
global_landmask
 0:00:00.0  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:00.0  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
 0:00:37.9  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:37.5  reading
 0:00:00.8  interpolation
 0:00:00.0  interpolation_time
 0:00:00.4  rotating vectors
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
Performance:
   47.8 total time
    6.1 configuration
    0.2 preparing main loop
      0.0 moving elements to ocean
   41.4 main loop
      0.1 updating elements
    0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.11)
        1991 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (9 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  horizontal_diffusivity
     1) constant_reader
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
     1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity

Discarded readers:

Time:
        Start: 2026-10-05 15:33:38.757230 UTC
        Present: 2026-10-06 15:33:38.757230 UTC
        Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
        Output steps: 49 * 0:30:00
===========================

15:35:22 INFO    opendrift:4823: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_depth_0.gif...
15:35:42 INFO    opendrift:3241: Time to make animation: 0:00:21.800031