Drift at different depths

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift

o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20)  # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information

17:01:52 INFO    opendrift:569: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.11 / v1.14.12-66-g07283eb)

Using live data from Thredds

o.add_readers_from_list([
    'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be'])

Adding some diffusion

o.set_config('environment:constant:horizontal_diffusivity', 10)  # m2/s

Seed 1000 elements at random depths

z = -np.random.rand(2000)*50
o.seed_elements(lon=4.8, lat=60.0, z=z, radius=0, number=2000,
                time=datetime.now())

print(o)

17:01:52 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_wind: 0.000000
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_wind: 0.000000
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.11)
        0 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 2000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  horizontal_diffusivity
     1) constant_reader
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
  ocean_vertical_diffusivity
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
  LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be

Discarded readers:
===========================

Running model

o.run(duration=timedelta(hours=24), time_step=1800)

17:01:59 INFO    opendrift:1911: Skipping environment variable ocean_vertical_diffusivity because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift:1911: Skipping environment variable ocean_mixed_layer_thickness because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift:1922: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift:1922: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift:1930: Storing previous values of environment variable sea_surface_height because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', True]
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift:958: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift:990: All points are in ocean
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-26 17:01:52.668450 - step 1 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:01:59 INFO    opendrift.readers:67: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
17:02:04 INFO    opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:340: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
17:02:04 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
17:02:04 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
17:02:04 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
17:02:04 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
17:02:09 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-26 17:31:52.668450 - step 2 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:09 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-26 18:01:52.668450 - step 3 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:11 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-26 18:31:52.668450 - step 4 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:12 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-26 19:01:52.668450 - step 5 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:14 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-26 19:31:52.668450 - step 6 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:14 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-26 20:01:52.668450 - step 7 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:17 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-26 20:31:52.668450 - step 8 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:17 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-26 21:01:52.668450 - step 9 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:20 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-26 21:31:52.668450 - step 10 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:20 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-26 22:01:52.668450 - step 11 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:22 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-26 22:31:52.668450 - step 12 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:22 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-26 23:01:52.668450 - step 13 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:24 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-26 23:31:52.668450 - step 14 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:24 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 00:01:52.668450 - step 15 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:27 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 00:31:52.668450 - step 16 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:27 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 01:01:52.668450 - step 17 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:30 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 01:31:52.668450 - step 18 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:30 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 02:01:52.668450 - step 19 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:32 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 02:31:52.668450 - step 20 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:32 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 03:01:52.668450 - step 21 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:35 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 03:31:52.668450 - step 22 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:35 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 04:01:52.668450 - step 23 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:37 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 04:31:52.668450 - step 24 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:37 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 05:01:52.668450 - step 25 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:43 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 05:31:52.668450 - step 26 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:43 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 06:01:52.668450 - step 27 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:45 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 06:31:52.668450 - step 28 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:45 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 07:01:52.668450 - step 29 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:48 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 07:31:52.668450 - step 30 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:49 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 08:01:52.668450 - step 31 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:52 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 08:31:52.668450 - step 32 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:52 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 09:01:52.668450 - step 33 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:55 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 09:31:52.668450 - step 34 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:55 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 10:01:52.668450 - step 35 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:02:56 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 10:31:52.668450 - step 36 of 48 - 1998 active elements (2 deactivated)
17:02:56 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 11:01:52.668450 - step 37 of 48 - 1996 active elements (4 deactivated)
17:02:59 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 11:31:52.668450 - step 38 of 48 - 1996 active elements (4 deactivated)
17:02:59 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 12:01:52.668450 - step 39 of 48 - 1996 active elements (4 deactivated)
17:03:04 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 12:31:52.668450 - step 40 of 48 - 1995 active elements (5 deactivated)
17:03:04 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 13:01:52.668450 - step 41 of 48 - 1989 active elements (11 deactivated)
17:03:06 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 13:31:52.668450 - step 42 of 48 - 1987 active elements (13 deactivated)
17:03:06 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 14:01:52.668450 - step 43 of 48 - 1981 active elements (19 deactivated)
17:03:07 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 14:31:52.668450 - step 44 of 48 - 1976 active elements (24 deactivated)
17:03:07 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 15:01:52.668450 - step 45 of 48 - 1964 active elements (36 deactivated)
17:03:09 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 15:31:52.668450 - step 46 of 48 - 1948 active elements (52 deactivated)
17:03:09 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 16:01:52.668450 - step 47 of 48 - 1937 active elements (63 deactivated)
17:03:12 INFO    opendrift:2238: 2026-10-27 16:31:52.668450 - step 48 of 48 - 1930 active elements (70 deactivated)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 9MB
Dimensions:                                   (trajectory: 2000, time: 49)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                (trajectory) int64 16kB 0 ... 1999
  * time                                      (time) datetime64[ns] 392B 2026...
Data variables: (12/22)
    status                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    moving                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    age_seconds                               (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    origin_marker                             (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lon                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lat                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    ...                                        ...
    horizontal_diffusivity                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_significant_height       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level           (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    land_binary_mask                          (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
Attributes: (12/121)
    Conventions:                                                           CF...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                              CF...
    featureType:                                                           tr...
    title:                                                                 Op...
    summary:                                                               Ou...
    keywords:                                                              tr...
    ...                                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                  de...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                             point
    runtime:                                                               0:...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                               -1...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                               0.0
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                          up

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • trajectory: 2000
  • time: 49
• Coordinates: (2)
  • trajectory
    (trajectory)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 ... 1996 1997 1998 1999

    cf_role :

    trajectory_id

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    array([   0,    1,    2, ..., 1997, 1998, 1999], shape=(2000,))

  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2026-10-26T17:01:52.668450 ... 2...

    standard_name :

    time

    long_name :

    time

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float64'>

    array(['2026-10-26T17:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-26T17:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-26T18:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-26T18:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-26T19:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-26T19:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-26T20:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-26T20:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-26T21:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-26T21:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-26T22:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-26T22:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-26T23:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-26T23:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T00:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T00:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T01:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T01:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T02:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T02:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T03:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T03:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T04:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T04:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T05:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T05:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T06:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T06:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T07:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T07:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T08:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T08:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T09:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T09:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T10:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T10:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T11:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T11:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T12:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T12:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T13:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T13:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T14:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T14:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T15:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T15:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T16:01:52.668450000', '2026-10-27T16:31:52.668450000',
           '2026-10-27T17:01:52.668450000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (22)
  • status
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    valid_range :

    [0 1]

    flag_values :

    [0 1]

    flag_meanings :

    active stranded

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • moving
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    1

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • age_seconds
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 1.8e+03 ... 8.46e+04 8.64e+04

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    86400.0

    array([[    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           ...,
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • origin_marker
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    unit :

    description :

    An integer kept constant during the simulation. Different values may be used for different seedings, to separate elements during analysis. With GUI, only a single seeding is possible.

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    Seed_0

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lon
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    4.8 4.798 4.796 ... 4.909 4.908

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    long_name :

    longitude

    axis :

    X

    minval :

    4.463311

    maxval :

    5.009182

    array([[4.8      , 4.7980227, 4.79628  , ..., 4.8981814, 4.8978767,
            4.8927712],
           [4.8      , 4.8030205, 4.799768 , ..., 4.8824487, 4.8854837,
            4.8764725],
           [4.8      , 4.7927465, 4.7972336, ..., 4.8937764, 4.890998 ,
            4.8866696],
           ...,
           [4.8      , 4.800582 , 4.80002  , ..., 4.9358764, 4.9363737,
            4.9331827],
           [4.8      , 4.7921987, 4.7867417, ..., 4.8883924, 4.881175 ,
            4.875732 ],
           [4.8      , 4.800937 , 4.7996764, ..., 4.907984 , 4.9089284,
            4.9083047]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    60.0 60.01 60.01 ... 60.26 60.27

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_north

    standard_name :

    latitude

    long_name :

    latitude

    axis :

    Y

    minval :

    59.998363

    maxval :

    60.738

    array([[60.      , 60.005264, 60.00806 , ..., 60.28061 , 60.284718,
            60.292686],
           [60.      , 60.008324, 60.017334, ..., 60.277306, 60.28122 ,
            60.283886],
           [60.      , 60.007153, 60.012497, ..., 60.25727 , 60.25912 ,
            60.268597],
           ...,
           [60.      , 60.0035  , 60.009827, ..., 60.228436, 60.233013,
            60.235836],
           [60.      , 60.00497 , 60.013855, ..., 60.28126 , 60.28587 ,
            60.291553],
           [60.      , 60.002956, 60.011436, ..., 60.26032 , 60.263245,
            60.269943]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -27.44 -27.64 ... -58.66 -64.2

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    z

    long_name :

    vertical position

    axis :

    Z

    positive :

    up

    minval :

    -104.50736

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[-27.440676, -27.635122, -28.517221, ..., -61.57714 , -63.389713,
            -62.613697],
           [-35.759468, -35.975636, -36.346252, ..., -32.672554, -36.33541 ,
            -40.887177],
           [-30.138168, -30.339659, -30.809093, ..., -37.231697, -38.840782,
            -40.17548 ],
           ...,
           [-24.00539 , -24.185751, -25.337357, ..., -60.920483, -65.14488 ,
            -68.58007 ],
           [-32.193203, -32.40006 , -33.263924, ..., -59.884388, -63.855488,
            -67.15136 ],
           [-25.088657, -25.276962, -26.527967, ..., -51.392242, -58.657864,
            -64.20214 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • wind_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02 0.02 0.02 ... 0.02 0.02 0.02

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements at surface are moved with this fraction of the vind vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    0.02

    maxval :

    0.02

    array([[0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           ...,
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • current_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements are moved with this fraction of the current vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • terminal_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m/s

    description :

    Terminal rise/sinking velocity (buoyancy) in the ocean column

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.05022 -0.04548 ... -0.08191

    minval :

    -0.3998991

    maxval :

    0.27724797

    array([[-0.05021998, -0.04548448, -0.04604741, ..., -0.04826101,
            -0.04053014, -0.04053014],
           [-0.05053684, -0.04548671, -0.05350462, ..., -0.04324302,
            -0.08345745, -0.08345745],
           [-0.05032272, -0.05473547, -0.05216839, ..., -0.01798703,
            -0.03105425, -0.03105425],
           ...,
           [-0.04984247, -0.03727076, -0.04342394, ..., -0.03236282,
            -0.043801  , -0.043801  ],
           [-0.050401  , -0.05259107, -0.06457819, ..., -0.07406662,
            -0.08770584, -0.08770584],
           [-0.05013039, -0.03636308, -0.04695454, ..., -0.06668696,
            -0.08190604, -0.08190604]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.2942 0.3272 ... 0.326 0.326

    minval :

    -0.07685424

    maxval :

    1.0865334

    array([[0.2941607 , 0.3272089 , 0.35742727, ..., 0.31285003, 0.3349885 ,
            0.3349885 ],
           [0.29274485, 0.31450438, 0.32959804, ..., 0.32773268, 0.37573737,
            0.37573737],
           [0.2937016 , 0.32010648, 0.34316516, ..., 0.28439212, 0.31638303,
            0.31638303],
           ...,
           [0.29501188, 0.33674043, 0.35373926, ..., 0.16399491, 0.17852616,
            0.17852616],
           [0.29335183, 0.32510749, 0.34016624, ..., 0.31358752, 0.33867407,
            0.33867407],
           [0.29456103, 0.3373129 , 0.3478479 , ..., 0.27935746, 0.3259987 ,
            0.3259987 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.3673 -0.2753 ... -0.614 -0.614

    minval :

    -0.78158355

    maxval :

    0.46362194

    array([[-0.36729354, -0.27526563, -0.18147437, ..., -0.6302831 ,
            -0.61514306, -0.61514306],
           [-0.36729354, -0.27434832, -0.18122935, ..., -0.63767415,
            -0.62230295, -0.62230295],
           [-0.36729354, -0.27678964, -0.18168046, ..., -0.6341965 ,
            -0.6210853 , -0.6210853 ],
           ...,
           [-0.36729354, -0.2744088 , -0.18060702, ..., -0.6197314 ,
            -0.6044518 , -0.6044518 ],
           [-0.36729354, -0.27661753, -0.18444194, ..., -0.63501334,
            -0.6239389 , -0.6239389 ],
           [-0.36729354, -0.27424765, -0.1808768 , ..., -0.629676  ,
            -0.6140106 , -0.6140106 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.877 1.789 1.655 ... 4.776 4.776

    minval :

    -8.955151

    maxval :

    6.23182

    array([[1.8765688, 1.7893395, 1.6554717, ..., 4.5881844, 4.812513 ,
            4.812513 ],
           [1.8765688, 1.7936589, 1.6813271, ..., 4.6917124, 4.8641863,
            4.8641863],
           [1.8765688, 1.7876978, 1.6684096, ..., 4.6211486, 4.868221 ,
            4.868221 ],
           ...,
           [1.8765688, 1.7899656, 1.6650017, ..., 4.415212 , 4.819308 ,
            4.819308 ],
           [1.8765688, 1.7862087, 1.6580552, ..., 4.650974 , 4.8682303,
            4.8682303],
           [1.8765688, 1.7899406, 1.6687442, ..., 4.503868 , 4.776138 ,
            4.776138 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    7.878 8.613 9.386 ... 16.4 16.4

    minval :

    7.8779817

    maxval :

    20.916384

    array([[ 7.8779817,  8.612674 ,  9.3862095, ..., 16.787573 , 16.543377 ,
            16.543377 ],
           [ 7.8779817,  8.589456 ,  9.352018 , ..., 16.776913 , 16.536844 ,
            16.536844 ],
           [ 7.8779817,  8.618496 ,  9.370201 , ..., 16.684866 , 16.416815 ,
            16.416815 ],
           ...,
           [ 7.8779817,  8.613533 ,  9.372484 , ..., 16.563612 , 16.229612 ,
            16.229612 ],
           [ 7.8779817,  8.628023 ,  9.390498 , ..., 16.792833 , 16.548532 ,
            16.548532 ],
           [ 7.8779817,  8.614896 ,  9.368258 , ..., 16.712097 , 16.395657 ,
            16.395657 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • upward_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.000108 -0.0004901 ... -0.00308

    minval :

    -0.011695472

    maxval :

    0.0032089069

    array([[-1.08025670e-04, -4.90055245e-04, -6.55151554e-04, ...,
            -1.00698543e-03,  4.31119115e-04,  4.31119115e-04],
           [-1.20093318e-04, -2.05899123e-04,  1.61940246e-04, ...,
            -2.03491980e-03, -2.52875756e-03, -2.52875756e-03],
           [-1.11938782e-04, -2.60797300e-04, -1.63779725e-04, ...,
            -8.93936900e-04, -7.41498778e-04, -7.41498778e-04],
           ...,
           [-1.00199948e-04, -6.39781181e-04, -4.76449408e-04, ...,
            -2.34688842e-03, -1.90843584e-03, -1.90843584e-03],
           [-1.14919916e-04, -4.79924114e-04, -5.25165087e-05, ...,
            -2.20616558e-03, -1.83103944e-03, -1.83103944e-03],
           [-1.04613719e-04, -6.95003080e-04, -2.87453120e-04, ...,
            -4.03645681e-03, -3.08015407e-03, -3.08015407e-03]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • horizontal_diffusivity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    10.0 10.0 10.0 ... 10.0 10.0 10.0

    minval :

    10.0

    maxval :

    10.0

    array([[10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           ...,
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.],
           [10., 10., 10., ..., 10., 10., 10.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_significant_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.613 1.904 2.235 ... 7.174 7.174

    minval :

    1.6133687

    maxval :

    11.339847

    array([[1.6133687, 1.9035449, 2.234701 , ..., 7.4507008, 7.3023515,
            7.3023515],
           [1.6133687, 1.8941003, 2.221063 , ..., 7.4655337, 7.309336 ,
            7.309336 ],
           [1.6133687, 1.9058685, 2.2283728, ..., 7.373598 , 7.2130003,
            7.2130003],
           ...,
           [1.6133687, 1.9039643, 2.2291458, ..., 7.228644 , 7.051001 ,
            7.051001 ],
           [1.6133687, 1.9097799, 2.236893 , ..., 7.4693174, 7.319819 ,
            7.319819 ],
           [1.6133687, 1.9045398, 2.2275047, ..., 7.369644 , 7.1740746,
            7.1740746]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    275.7 274.4 274.3 ... 101.4 101.4

    minval :

    27.865349

    maxval :

    340.09805

    array([[275.6787  , 274.42252 , 274.2626  , ..., 101.81428 ,  99.50693 ,
             99.50693 ],
           [275.6787  , 273.18442 , 275.19986 , ..., 126.31595 , 118.653786,
            118.653786],
           [275.6787  , 275.02744 , 274.35495 , ..., 128.0438  , 129.96358 ,
            129.96358 ],
           ...,
           [275.6787  , 274.41602 , 273.7303  , ..., 115.139046, 109.083694,
            109.083694],
           [275.6787  , 275.65598 , 276.2138  , ..., 114.543686, 121.52055 ,
            121.52055 ],
           [275.6787  , 274.5171  , 273.8648  , ..., 105.19419 , 101.3862  ,
            101.3862  ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • land_binary_mask
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

• Attributes: (121)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.11, ACDD-1.3

  standard_name_vocabulary :

  CF Standard Name Table v85

  featureType :

  trajectory

  title :

  OpenDrift trajectory simulation

  summary :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift framework

  keywords :

  trajectory, drift, lagrangian, simulation

  history :

  Created 2026-10-26 17:01:59.161767

  date_created :

  2026-10-26T17:01:59.161779

  source :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift

  model_url :

  https://github.com/OpenDrift/opendrift

  opendrift_class :

  OceanDrift

  opendrift_module :

  opendrift.models.oceandrift

  readers :

  odict_keys(['LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'constant_reader', 'global_landmask'])

  time_coverage_start :

  2026-10-26 17:01:52.668450

  time_step_calculation :

  0:30:00

  time_step_output :

  0:30:00

  config_environment:constant:x_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:x_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:horizontal_diffusivity :

  10.0

  config_environment:fallback:horizontal_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  config_environment:constant:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  config_environment:constant:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_general:use_auto_landmask :

  True

  config_drift:current_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:current_uncertainty_uniform :

  0

  config_drift:max_speed :

  2.0

  config_readers:max_number_of_fails :

  1

  config_general:simulation_name :

  config_general:coastline_action :

  stranding

  config_general:coastline_approximation_precision :

  0.001

  config_general:time_step_minutes :

  60

  config_general:time_step_output_minutes :

  None

  config_seed:ocean_only :

  True

  config_seed:number :

  1

  config_drift:max_age_seconds :

  None

  config_drift:advection_scheme :

  euler

  config_drift:profiles_depth :

  50

  config_drift:wind_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:relative_wind :

  False

  config_drift:deactivate_north_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_south_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_east_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_west_of :

  None

  config_seed:origin_marker :

  0

  config_seed:z :

  0

  config_seed:wind_drift_factor :

  0.02

  config_seed:current_drift_factor :

  1

  config_seed:terminal_velocity :

  0.0

  config_drift:vertical_advection :

  True

  config_drift:vertical_advection_at_surface :

  False

  config_drift:water_column_stretching :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_correction :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing_at_surface :

  False

  config_vertical_mixing:timestep :

  60

  config_vertical_mixing:diffusivitymodel :

  environment

  config_vertical_mixing:background_diffusivity :

  1.2e-05

  config_vertical_mixing:TSprofiles :

  False

  config_drift:wind_drift_depth :

  0.1

  config_drift:stokes_drift :

  True

  config_drift:stokes_drift_profile :

  Phillips

  config_drift:use_tabularised_stokes_drift :

  False

  config_drift:tabularised_stokes_drift_fetch :

  25000

  config_general:seafloor_action :

  lift_to_seafloor

  config_drift:truncate_ocean_model_below_m :

  None

  config_seed:seafloor :

  False

  opendrift_version :

  1.14.11

  seed_geojson :

  {"features": [], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

  simulation_time :

  2026-10-26 17:01:59.311697

  reader_x_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_sea_surface_height :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_x_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_upward_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_horizontal_diffusivity :

  10.0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_land_binary_mask :

  ['global_landmask']

  time_coverage_end :

  2026-10-27 17:01:52.668450

  time_coverage_duration :

  P1DT0H0M0S

  time_coverage_resolution :

  P0DT0H30M0S

  performance :

  -------------------- Reader performance: -------------------- constant_reader 0:00:00.0 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.0 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- global_landmask 0:00:00.0 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.0 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be 0:01:06.5 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:01:06.0 reading 0:00:01.0 interpolation 0:00:00.0 interpolation_time 0:00:00.4 rotating vectors 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- Performance: 1:20.4 total time 6.5 configuration 0.1 preparing main loop 0.0 moving elements to ocean 1:13.7 main loop 0.1 updating elements 0.0 cleaning up --------------------

  geospatial_bounds_crs :

  EPSG:4326

  geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs :

  EPSG:5831

  geospatial_lat_min :

  59.998363

  geospatial_lat_max :

  60.738

  geospatial_lat_units :

  degrees_north

  geospatial_lat_resolution :

  point

  geospatial_lon_min :

  4.463311

  geospatial_lon_max :

  5.009182

  geospatial_lon_units :

  degrees_east

  geospatial_lon_resolution :

  point

  runtime :

  0:01:20.428471

  geospatial_vertical_min :

  -104.50736

  geospatial_vertical_max :

  0.0

  geospatial_vertical_positive :

  up

Plot results with lines and particles colored by depth

print(o)
o.plot(linecolor='z', buffer=.1, show_elements=False)
o.animation(color='z', buffer=.1)

===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
constant_reader
 0:00:00.0  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:00.0  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
global_landmask
 0:00:00.0  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:00.0  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
 0:01:06.5  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:01:06.0  reading
 0:00:01.0  interpolation
 0:00:00.0  interpolation_time
 0:00:00.4  rotating vectors
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
Performance:
 1:20.4 total time
    6.5 configuration
    0.1 preparing main loop
      0.0 moving elements to ocean
 1:13.7 main loop
      0.1 updating elements
    0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.11)
        1903 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (97 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  horizontal_diffusivity
     1) constant_reader
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
     1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity

Discarded readers:

Time:
        Start: 2026-10-26 17:01:52.668450 UTC
        Present: 2026-10-27 17:01:52.668450 UTC
        Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
        Output steps: 49 * 0:30:00
===========================

17:04:05 INFO    opendrift:4889: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_depth_0.gif...
17:04:18 INFO    opendrift:3297: Time to make animation: 0:00:14.767810