Drift at different depths

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift

o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20)  # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information

09:43:12 INFO    opendrift:576: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.7 / v1.14.7-21-gb739e9e)

Using live data from Thredds

o.add_readers_from_list([
    'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be'])

Adding some diffusion

o.set_config('drift:horizontal_diffusivity', 10)  # m2/s

Seed 1000 elements at random depths

z = -np.random.rand(2000)*50
o.seed_elements(lon=4.8, lat=60.0, z=z, radius=0, number=2000,
                time=datetime.now())

print(o)

09:43:12 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_wind: 0.000000
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_wind: 0.000000
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.7)
        0 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 2000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
  ocean_vertical_diffusivity
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
  LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be

Discarded readers:
===========================

Running model

o.run(duration=timedelta(hours=24), time_step=1800)

09:43:17 INFO    opendrift:1803: Skipping environment variable ocean_vertical_diffusivity because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift:1803: Skipping environment variable ocean_mixed_layer_thickness because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift:1814: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift:1814: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift:1822: Storing previous values of environment variable sea_surface_height because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', True]
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift:952: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift:982: All points are in ocean
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 09:43:12.700306 - step 1 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:17 INFO    opendrift.readers:63: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
09:43:20 INFO    opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:332: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
09:43:20 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
09:43:20 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
09:43:20 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
09:43:20 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
09:43:23 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 10:13:12.700306 - step 2 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:25 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 10:43:12.700306 - step 3 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:25 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 11:13:12.700306 - step 4 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:26 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 11:43:12.700306 - step 5 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:26 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 12:13:12.700306 - step 6 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:28 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 12:43:12.700306 - step 7 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:28 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 13:13:12.700306 - step 8 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:29 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 13:43:12.700306 - step 9 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:29 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 14:13:12.700306 - step 10 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:31 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 14:43:12.700306 - step 11 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:31 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 15:13:12.700306 - step 12 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:32 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 15:43:12.700306 - step 13 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:32 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 16:13:12.700306 - step 14 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:34 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 16:43:12.700306 - step 15 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:34 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 17:13:12.700306 - step 16 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:36 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 17:43:12.700306 - step 17 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:36 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 18:13:12.700306 - step 18 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:37 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 18:43:12.700306 - step 19 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:37 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 19:13:12.700306 - step 20 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:39 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 19:43:12.700306 - step 21 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:39 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 20:13:12.700306 - step 22 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:41 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 20:43:12.700306 - step 23 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:41 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 21:13:12.700306 - step 24 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:43 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 21:43:12.700306 - step 25 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:43 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 22:13:12.700306 - step 26 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:47 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 22:43:12.700306 - step 27 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:47 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 23:13:12.700306 - step 28 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:49 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-09 23:43:12.700306 - step 29 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:49 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 00:13:12.700306 - step 30 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:51 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 00:43:12.700306 - step 31 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:51 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 01:13:12.700306 - step 32 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:52 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 01:43:12.700306 - step 33 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:52 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 02:13:12.700306 - step 34 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:53 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 02:43:12.700306 - step 35 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:54 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 03:13:12.700306 - step 36 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:55 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 03:43:12.700306 - step 37 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:55 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 04:13:12.700306 - step 38 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:56 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 04:43:12.700306 - step 39 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:56 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 05:13:12.700306 - step 40 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:58 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 05:43:12.700306 - step 41 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:58 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 06:13:12.700306 - step 42 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:59 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 06:43:12.700306 - step 43 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:43:59 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 07:13:12.700306 - step 44 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:44:01 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 07:43:12.700306 - step 45 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:44:01 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 08:13:12.700306 - step 46 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:44:02 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 08:43:12.700306 - step 47 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:44:02 INFO    opendrift:2111: 2026-01-10 09:13:12.700306 - step 48 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 8MB
Dimensions:                                   (trajectory: 2000, time: 49)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                (trajectory) int64 16kB 0 ... 1999
  * time                                      (time) datetime64[ns] 392B 2026...
Data variables: (12/21)
    status                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    moving                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    age_seconds                               (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    origin_marker                             (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lon                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lat                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    ...                                        ...
    upward_sea_water_velocity                 (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_significant_height       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level           (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    land_binary_mask                          (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
Attributes: (12/119)
    Conventions:                                                           CF...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                              CF...
    featureType:                                                           tr...
    title:                                                                 Op...
    summary:                                                               Ou...
    keywords:                                                              tr...
    ...                                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                  de...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                             point
    runtime:                                                               0:...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                               -4...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                               0.0
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                          up

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • trajectory: 2000
  • time: 49
• Coordinates: (2)
  • trajectory
    (trajectory)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 ... 1996 1997 1998 1999

    cf_role :

    trajectory_id

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    array([   0,    1,    2, ..., 1997, 1998, 1999], shape=(2000,))

  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2026-01-09T09:43:12.700306 ... 2...

    standard_name :

    time

    long_name :

    time

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float64'>

    array(['2026-01-09T09:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-09T10:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-09T10:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-09T11:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-09T11:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-09T12:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-09T12:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-09T13:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-09T13:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-09T14:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-09T14:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-09T15:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-09T15:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-09T16:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-09T16:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-09T17:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-09T17:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-09T18:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-09T18:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-09T19:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-09T19:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-09T20:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-09T20:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-09T21:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-09T21:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-09T22:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-09T22:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-09T23:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-09T23:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-10T00:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-10T00:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-10T01:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-10T01:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-10T02:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-10T02:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-10T03:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-10T03:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-10T04:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-10T04:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-10T05:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-10T05:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-10T06:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-10T06:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-10T07:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-10T07:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-10T08:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-10T08:43:12.700306000', '2026-01-10T09:13:12.700306000',
           '2026-01-10T09:43:12.700306000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (21)
  • status
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    valid_range :

    [0 0]

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    active

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • moving
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    minval :

    1

    maxval :

    1

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • age_seconds
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 1.8e+03 ... 8.46e+04 8.64e+04

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    86400.0

    array([[    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           ...,
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • origin_marker
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    unit :

    description :

    An integer kept constant during the simulation. Different values may be used for different seedings, to separate elements during analysis. With GUI, only a single seeding is possible.

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    Seed_0

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lon
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    4.8 4.798 4.796 ... 4.74 4.745

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    long_name :

    longitude

    axis :

    X

    minval :

    4.537172

    maxval :

    4.8511147

    array([[4.8      , 4.798471 , 4.7964253, ..., 4.777797 , 4.7786627,
            4.783362 ],
           [4.8      , 4.8034835, 4.8000126, ..., 4.733651 , 4.7353787,
            4.737687 ],
           [4.8      , 4.7931995, 4.7976036, ..., 4.6966743, 4.7003775,
            4.701465 ],
           ...,
           [4.8      , 4.801003 , 4.799877 , ..., 4.8033915, 4.8148713,
            4.8185244],
           [4.8      , 4.792655 , 4.787022 , ..., 4.756003 , 4.756604 ,
            4.7538958],
           [4.8      , 4.801381 , 4.7995386, ..., 4.737266 , 4.740471 ,
            4.7446723]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    60.0 60.01 60.01 ... 60.25 60.25

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_north

    standard_name :

    latitude

    long_name :

    latitude

    axis :

    Y

    minval :

    59.998688

    maxval :

    60.32156

    array([[60.      , 60.005726, 60.00854 , ..., 60.24187 , 60.246082,
            60.248844],
           [60.      , 60.00862 , 60.017727, ..., 60.23757 , 60.24184 ,
            60.248127],
           [60.      , 60.00756 , 60.01295 , ..., 60.22423 , 60.22984 ,
            60.23615 ],
           ...,
           [60.      , 60.004025, 60.010292, ..., 60.24275 , 60.246857,
            60.251392],
           [60.      , 60.005337, 60.014114, ..., 60.248398, 60.25486 ,
            60.259266],
           [60.      , 60.00346 , 60.011856, ..., 60.240223, 60.246983,
            60.253063]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -27.44 -27.02 ... -27.43 -27.68

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    z

    long_name :

    vertical position

    axis :

    Z

    positive :

    up

    minval :

    -49.99043

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[-27.440676, -27.023893, -26.315683, ..., -31.344395, -31.623446,
            -32.08922 ],
           [-35.759468, -35.254486, -34.458782, ..., -36.936913, -36.806038,
            -36.818653],
           [-30.138168, -29.692787, -28.893711, ..., -27.945223, -27.76789 ,
            -27.545237],
           ...,
           [-24.00539 , -23.626463, -23.023409, ..., -28.708668, -28.887535,
            -28.981068],
           [-32.193203, -31.726032, -30.862747, ..., -35.851162, -36.331413,
            -37.056385],
           [-25.088657, -24.696812, -24.080027, ..., -27.393442, -27.432653,
            -27.684841]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • wind_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02 0.02 0.02 ... 0.02 0.02 0.02

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements at surface are moved with this fraction of the vind vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    0.02

    maxval :

    0.02

    array([[0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           ...,
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • current_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements are moved with this fraction of the current vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • terminal_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m/s

    description :

    Terminal rise/sinking velocity (buoyancy) in the ocean column

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.03633 -0.05487 ... 0.05817

    minval :

    -0.16549835

    maxval :

    0.10275958

    array([[-0.03633141, -0.05486541, -0.07517356, ...,  0.07416248,
             0.06743748,  0.06743748],
           [-0.03618528, -0.05225806, -0.07093161, ...,  0.05182792,
             0.0491048 ,  0.0491048 ],
           [-0.03628403, -0.05729582, -0.0733695 , ...,  0.04100746,
             0.03664721,  0.03664721],
           ...,
           [-0.03679435, -0.0547624 , -0.07306207, ...,  0.07396022,
             0.06006002,  0.06006002],
           [-0.03624793, -0.05805408, -0.0806533 , ...,  0.05865491,
             0.05277002,  0.05277002],
           [-0.03637272, -0.0543978 , -0.0724365 , ...,  0.06237062,
             0.05816845,  0.05816845]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.3227 0.3284 ... 0.2923 0.2923

    minval :

    0.13871641

    maxval :

    0.44091362

    array([[0.32266277, 0.32838976, 0.33041048, ..., 0.29902932, 0.30306125,
            0.30306125],
           [0.31111625, 0.32042792, 0.3209118 , ..., 0.28364748, 0.28667393,
            0.28667393],
           [0.31891865, 0.32311523, 0.3284475 , ..., 0.29251122, 0.2960939 ,
            0.2960939 ],
           ...,
           [0.3273439 , 0.3333588 , 0.33671188, ..., 0.30446738, 0.30987018,
            0.30987018],
           [0.31606624, 0.31857195, 0.32207033, ..., 0.27890235, 0.27574858,
            0.27574858],
           [0.3259274 , 0.3319216 , 0.33588794, ..., 0.29361552, 0.29225996,
            0.29225996]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.4186 -0.3401 ... -0.6758 -0.6758

    minval :

    -0.792851

    maxval :

    0.004865773

    array([[-0.41861844, -0.3400926 , -0.25476503, ..., -0.7042013 ,
            -0.66569287, -0.66569287],
           [-0.41861844, -0.3382183 , -0.25269055, ..., -0.71406466,
            -0.67649394, -0.67649394],
           [-0.41861844, -0.3412425 , -0.25393128, ..., -0.7211757 ,
            -0.683652  , -0.683652  ],
           ...,
           [-0.41861844, -0.33950776, -0.25353444, ..., -0.69718844,
            -0.6553273 , -0.6553273 ],
           [-0.41861844, -0.34161553, -0.2569595 , ..., -0.7105688 ,
            -0.67255676, -0.67255676],
           [-0.41861844, -0.33941412, -0.253444  , ..., -0.71372896,
            -0.6757764 , -0.6757764 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -5.213 -5.113 ... -1.796 -1.796

    minval :

    -5.5224223

    maxval :

    -1.4322991

    array([[-5.213044 , -5.112554 , -4.9493876, ..., -2.159499 , -1.8364792,
            -1.8364792],
           [-5.213044 , -5.0614495, -4.8898273, ..., -2.028533 , -1.8094517,
            -1.8094517],
           [-5.213044 , -5.1283364, -4.9192142, ..., -2.0807638, -1.9554319,
            -1.9554319],
           ...,
           [-5.213044 , -5.114249 , -4.925324 , ..., -2.1675377, -1.8241208,
            -1.8241208],
           [-5.213044 , -5.152631 , -4.956502 , ..., -2.0914185, -1.7727531,
            -1.7727531],
           [-5.213044 , -5.1175776, -4.9179063, ..., -2.037089 , -1.7961451,
            -1.7961451]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    7.32 7.243 7.044 ... 6.351 6.351

    minval :

    1.1599224

    maxval :

    8.114349

    array([[7.3201494, 7.2430906, 7.0439806, ..., 5.684768 , 6.1428094,
            6.1428094],
           [7.3201494, 7.297749 , 7.226397 , ..., 5.971461 , 6.3938847,
            6.3938847],
           [7.3201494, 7.257101 , 7.1289887, ..., 6.3054028, 6.7122717,
            6.7122717],
           ...,
           [7.3201494, 7.2240343, 7.0913105, ..., 5.5123057, 5.986498 ,
            5.986498 ],
           [7.3201494, 7.223298 , 7.100316 , ..., 5.7876067, 6.245305 ,
            6.245305 ],
           [7.3201494, 7.216554 , 7.1179595, ..., 5.941532 , 6.3514595,
            6.3514595]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • upward_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0002315 0.0003934 ... -0.0001401

    minval :

    -0.0006240455

    maxval :

    0.0009610014

    array([[ 2.3154586e-04,  3.9345000e-04,  4.9952063e-04, ...,
            -1.5502775e-04, -2.5876297e-04, -2.5876297e-04],
           [ 2.8054477e-04,  4.4205814e-04,  4.7508179e-04, ...,
             7.2708659e-05, -7.0093256e-06, -7.0093256e-06],
           [ 2.4743448e-04,  4.4393120e-04,  4.8487511e-04, ...,
             9.8517339e-05,  1.2369672e-04,  1.2369672e-04],
           ...,
           [ 2.1051524e-04,  3.3502970e-04,  4.1454757e-04, ...,
            -9.9370969e-05, -5.1962888e-05, -5.1962888e-05],
           [ 2.5953897e-04,  4.7960266e-04,  5.0186040e-04, ...,
            -2.6680587e-04, -4.0276183e-04, -4.0276183e-04],
           [ 2.1769213e-04,  3.4265863e-04,  4.1697818e-04, ...,
            -2.1783926e-05, -1.4010456e-04, -1.4010456e-04]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_significant_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.987 1.934 1.823 ... 1.072 1.072

    minval :

    0.16852601

    maxval :

    2.2590165

    array([[1.9867063 , 1.9335738 , 1.8232071 , ..., 0.9097086 , 1.0112263 ,
            1.0112263 ],
           [1.9867063 , 1.9403349 , 1.8728281 , ..., 0.9784229 , 1.0862346 ,
            1.0862346 ],
           [1.9867063 , 1.9425474 , 1.8455201 , ..., 1.0845569 , 1.2024064 ,
            1.2024064 ],
           ...,
           [1.9867063 , 1.9272187 , 1.8338195 , ..., 0.8630599 , 0.96347296,
            0.96347296],
           [1.9867063 , 1.9366509 , 1.8445421 , ..., 0.9316124 , 1.0368036 ,
            1.0368036 ],
           [1.9867063 , 1.9253993 , 1.8413383 , ..., 0.9705076 , 1.0717524 ,
            1.0717524 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    275.7 274.2 274.3 ... 306.8 306.8

    minval :

    210.7533

    maxval :

    333.8496

    array([[275.67816, 274.20135, 274.2592 , ..., 291.25934, 290.90854,
            290.90854],
           [275.67816, 273.11093, 275.3314 , ..., 303.59616, 305.38412,
            305.38412],
           [275.67816, 274.84317, 274.32507, ..., 302.02942, 302.18344,
            302.18344],
           ...,
           [275.67816, 274.16745, 273.7739 , ..., 270.65237, 256.5554 ,
            256.5554 ],
           [275.67816, 275.47726, 276.2048 , ..., 303.25482, 304.5183 ,
            304.5183 ],
           [275.67816, 274.2658 , 273.9128 , ..., 304.3753 , 306.79428,
            306.79428]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • land_binary_mask
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

• Indexes: (2)
  • trajectory
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([   0,    1,    2,    3,    4,    5,    6,    7,    8,    9,
           ...
           1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999],
          dtype='int64', name='trajectory', length=2000))

  • time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2026-01-09 09:43:12.700306', '2026-01-09 10:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-09 10:43:12.700306', '2026-01-09 11:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-09 11:43:12.700306', '2026-01-09 12:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-09 12:43:12.700306', '2026-01-09 13:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-09 13:43:12.700306', '2026-01-09 14:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-09 14:43:12.700306', '2026-01-09 15:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-09 15:43:12.700306', '2026-01-09 16:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-09 16:43:12.700306', '2026-01-09 17:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-09 17:43:12.700306', '2026-01-09 18:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-09 18:43:12.700306', '2026-01-09 19:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-09 19:43:12.700306', '2026-01-09 20:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-09 20:43:12.700306', '2026-01-09 21:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-09 21:43:12.700306', '2026-01-09 22:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-09 22:43:12.700306', '2026-01-09 23:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-09 23:43:12.700306', '2026-01-10 00:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-10 00:43:12.700306', '2026-01-10 01:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-10 01:43:12.700306', '2026-01-10 02:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-10 02:43:12.700306', '2026-01-10 03:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-10 03:43:12.700306', '2026-01-10 04:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-10 04:43:12.700306', '2026-01-10 05:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-10 05:43:12.700306', '2026-01-10 06:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-10 06:43:12.700306', '2026-01-10 07:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-10 07:43:12.700306', '2026-01-10 08:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-10 08:43:12.700306', '2026-01-10 09:13:12.700306',
                   '2026-01-10 09:43:12.700306'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='time', freq='30min'))

• Attributes: (119)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.11, ACDD-1.3

  standard_name_vocabulary :

  CF Standard Name Table v85

  featureType :

  trajectory

  title :

  OpenDrift trajectory simulation

  summary :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift framework

  keywords :

  trajectory, drift, lagrangian, simulation

  history :

  Created 2026-01-09 09:43:17.834065

  date_created :

  2026-01-09T09:43:17.834080

  source :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift

  model_url :

  https://github.com/OpenDrift/opendrift

  opendrift_class :

  OceanDrift

  opendrift_module :

  opendrift.models.oceandrift

  readers :

  odict_keys(['LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'global_landmask'])

  time_coverage_start :

  2026-01-09 09:43:12.700306

  time_step_calculation :

  0:30:00

  time_step_output :

  0:30:00

  config_environment:constant:x_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:x_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  config_environment:constant:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  config_environment:constant:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_general:use_auto_landmask :

  True

  config_drift:current_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:current_uncertainty_uniform :

  0

  config_drift:max_speed :

  2.0

  config_readers:max_number_of_fails :

  1

  config_general:simulation_name :

  config_general:coastline_action :

  stranding

  config_general:coastline_approximation_precision :

  0.001

  config_general:time_step_minutes :

  60

  config_general:time_step_output_minutes :

  None

  config_seed:ocean_only :

  True

  config_seed:number :

  1

  config_drift:max_age_seconds :

  None

  config_drift:advection_scheme :

  euler

  config_drift:horizontal_diffusivity :

  10.0

  config_drift:profiles_depth :

  50

  config_drift:wind_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:relative_wind :

  False

  config_drift:deactivate_north_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_south_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_east_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_west_of :

  None

  config_seed:origin_marker :

  0

  config_seed:z :

  0

  config_seed:wind_drift_factor :

  0.02

  config_seed:current_drift_factor :

  1

  config_seed:terminal_velocity :

  0.0

  config_drift:vertical_advection :

  True

  config_drift:vertical_advection_at_surface :

  False

  config_drift:water_column_stretching :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_correction :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing_at_surface :

  False

  config_vertical_mixing:timestep :

  60

  config_vertical_mixing:diffusivitymodel :

  environment

  config_vertical_mixing:background_diffusivity :

  1.2e-05

  config_vertical_mixing:TSprofiles :

  False

  config_drift:wind_drift_depth :

  0.1

  config_drift:stokes_drift :

  True

  config_drift:stokes_drift_profile :

  Phillips

  config_drift:use_tabularised_stokes_drift :

  False

  config_drift:tabularised_stokes_drift_fetch :

  25000

  config_general:seafloor_action :

  lift_to_seafloor

  config_drift:truncate_ocean_model_below_m :

  None

  config_seed:seafloor :

  False

  opendrift_version :

  1.14.7

  seed_geojson :

  {"features": [], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

  simulation_time :

  2026-01-09 09:43:17.842579

  reader_x_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_sea_surface_height :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_x_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_upward_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_land_binary_mask :

  ['global_landmask']

  time_coverage_end :

  2026-01-10 09:43:12.700306

  time_coverage_duration :

  P1DT0H0M0S

  time_coverage_resolution :

  P0DT0H30M0S

  performance :

  -------------------- Reader performance: -------------------- global_landmask 0:00:00.0 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.0 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be 0:00:41.4 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:41.0 reading 0:00:00.9 interpolation 0:00:00.0 interpolation_time 0:00:00.4 rotating vectors 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- Performance: 51.5 total time 5.1 configuration 0.0 preparing main loop 0.0 moving elements to ocean 46.3 main loop 0.1 updating elements 0.0 cleaning up --------------------

  geospatial_bounds_crs :

  EPSG:4326

  geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs :

  EPSG:5831

  geospatial_lat_min :

  59.998688

  geospatial_lat_max :

  60.32156

  geospatial_lat_units :

  degrees_north

  geospatial_lat_resolution :

  point

  geospatial_lon_min :

  4.537172

  geospatial_lon_max :

  4.8511147

  geospatial_lon_units :

  degrees_east

  geospatial_lon_resolution :

  point

  runtime :

  0:00:51.547271

  geospatial_vertical_min :

  -49.99043

  geospatial_vertical_max :

  0.0

  geospatial_vertical_positive :

  up

Plot results with lines and particles colored by depth

print(o)
o.plot(linecolor='z', buffer=.1, show_elements=False)
o.animation(color='z', buffer=.1)

===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
global_landmask
 0:00:00.0  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:00.0  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
 0:00:41.4  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:41.0  reading
 0:00:00.9  interpolation
 0:00:00.0  interpolation_time
 0:00:00.4  rotating vectors
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
Performance:
   51.5 total time
    5.1 configuration
    0.0 preparing main loop
      0.0 moving elements to ocean
   46.3 main loop
      0.1 updating elements
    0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.7)
        2000 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
     1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity

Discarded readers:

Time:
        Start: 2026-01-09 09:43:12.700306 UTC
        Present: 2026-01-10 09:43:12.700306 UTC
        Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
        Output steps: 49 * 0:30:00
===========================

09:45:17 INFO    opendrift:4660: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_depth_0.gif...
09:45:55 INFO    opendrift:3094: Time to make animation: 0:00:39.834351