Drift at different depths

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift

o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20)  # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information

17:13:53 INFO    opendrift:513: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.2 / v1.14.2-88-gf09b7bd)

Using live data from Thredds

o.add_readers_from_list([
    'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be'])

Adding some diffusion

o.set_config('drift:horizontal_diffusivity', 10)  # m2/s

Seed 1000 elements at random depths

z = -np.random.rand(2000)*50
o.seed_elements(lon=4.8, lat=60.0, z=z, radius=0, number=2000,
                time=datetime.now())

print(o)

17:13:53 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:206: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:229: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    x_wind: 0.000000
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    y_wind: 0.000000
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.2)
        0 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 2000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
  ocean_vertical_diffusivity
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
  LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be

Discarded readers:
===========================

Running model

o.run(duration=timedelta(hours=24), time_step=1800)

17:13:57 INFO    opendrift:1732: Skipping environment variable ocean_vertical_diffusivity because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift:1732: Skipping environment variable ocean_mixed_layer_thickness because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift:1743: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift:1743: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift:1751: Storing previous values of environment variable sea_surface_height because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', True]
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift:899: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift:928: All points are in ocean
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-11 17:13:53.466005 - step 1 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:13:57 INFO    opendrift.readers:61: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
17:13:59 INFO    opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:332: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
17:14:03 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-11 17:43:53.466005 - step 2 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:03 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-11 18:13:53.466005 - step 3 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:05 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-11 18:43:53.466005 - step 4 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:05 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-11 19:13:53.466005 - step 5 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:06 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-11 19:43:53.466005 - step 6 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:06 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-11 20:13:53.466005 - step 7 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:08 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-11 20:43:53.466005 - step 8 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:08 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-11 21:13:53.466005 - step 9 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:10 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-11 21:43:53.466005 - step 10 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:10 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-11 22:13:53.466005 - step 11 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:11 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-11 22:43:53.466005 - step 12 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:11 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-11 23:13:53.466005 - step 13 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:13 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-11 23:43:53.466005 - step 14 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:13 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 00:13:53.466005 - step 15 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:14 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 00:43:53.466005 - step 16 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:14 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 01:13:53.466005 - step 17 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:15 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 01:43:53.466005 - step 18 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:15 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 02:13:53.466005 - step 19 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:16 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 02:43:53.466005 - step 20 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:16 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 03:13:53.466005 - step 21 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:18 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 03:43:53.466005 - step 22 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:18 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 04:13:53.466005 - step 23 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:19 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 04:43:53.466005 - step 24 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:19 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 05:13:53.466005 - step 25 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:21 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 05:43:53.466005 - step 26 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:21 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 06:13:53.466005 - step 27 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:22 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 06:43:53.466005 - step 28 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:22 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 07:13:53.466005 - step 29 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:23 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 07:43:53.466005 - step 30 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:23 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 08:13:53.466005 - step 31 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:24 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 08:43:53.466005 - step 32 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:24 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 09:13:53.466005 - step 33 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:26 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 09:43:53.466005 - step 34 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:26 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 10:13:53.466005 - step 35 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:27 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 10:43:53.466005 - step 36 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:27 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 11:13:53.466005 - step 37 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:28 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 11:43:53.466005 - step 38 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:28 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 12:13:53.466005 - step 39 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:30 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 12:43:53.466005 - step 40 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:30 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 13:13:53.466005 - step 41 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:31 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 13:43:53.466005 - step 42 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:31 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 14:13:53.466005 - step 43 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:33 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 14:43:53.466005 - step 44 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:33 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 15:13:53.466005 - step 45 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:34 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 15:43:53.466005 - step 46 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:34 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 16:13:53.466005 - step 47 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:14:35 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-12 16:43:53.466005 - step 48 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 8MB
Dimensions:                                   (trajectory: 2000, time: 49)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                (trajectory) int64 16kB 0 ... 1999
  * time                                      (time) datetime64[ns] 392B 2025...
Data variables: (12/21)
    status                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    moving                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    age_seconds                               (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    origin_marker                             (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lon                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lat                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    ...                                        ...
    upward_sea_water_velocity                 (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_significant_height       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level           (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    land_binary_mask                          (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
Attributes: (12/119)
    Conventions:                                                           CF...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                              CF...
    featureType:                                                           tr...
    title:                                                                 Op...
    summary:                                                               Ou...
    keywords:                                                              tr...
    ...                                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                  de...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                             point
    runtime:                                                               0:...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                               -5...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                               0.0
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                          up

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • trajectory: 2000
  • time: 49
• Coordinates: (2)
  • trajectory
    (trajectory)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 ... 1996 1997 1998 1999

    cf_role :

    trajectory_id

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    array([   0,    1,    2, ..., 1997, 1998, 1999], shape=(2000,))

  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2025-07-11T17:13:53.466005 ... 2...

    standard_name :

    time

    long_name :

    time

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float64'>

    array(['2025-07-11T17:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-11T17:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-11T18:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-11T18:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-11T19:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-11T19:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-11T20:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-11T20:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-11T21:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-11T21:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-11T22:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-11T22:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-11T23:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-11T23:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T00:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T00:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T01:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T01:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T02:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T02:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T03:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T03:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T04:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T04:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T05:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T05:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T06:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T06:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T07:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T07:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T08:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T08:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T09:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T09:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T10:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T10:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T11:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T11:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T12:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T12:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T13:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T13:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T14:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T14:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T15:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T15:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T16:13:53.466005000', '2025-07-12T16:43:53.466005000',
           '2025-07-12T17:13:53.466005000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (21)
  • status
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    valid_range :

    [0 0]

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    active

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • moving
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    minval :

    1

    maxval :

    1

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • age_seconds
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 1.8e+03 ... 8.46e+04 8.64e+04

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    86400.0

    array([[    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           ...,
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • origin_marker
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    unit :

    description :

    An integer kept constant during the simulation. Different values may be used for different seedings, to separate elements during analysis. With GUI, only a single seeding is possible.

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    Seed_0

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lon
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    4.8 4.798 4.797 ... 4.676 4.676

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    long_name :

    longitude

    axis :

    X

    minval :

    4.520874

    maxval :

    4.823682

    array([[4.8      , 4.7984676, 4.7969046, ..., 4.694922 , 4.690579 ,
            4.690432 ],
           [4.8      , 4.803068 , 4.7993255, ..., 4.68448  , 4.6817822,
            4.679969 ],
           [4.8      , 4.793062 , 4.797813 , ..., 4.664668 , 4.664517 ,
            4.662161 ],
           ...,
           [4.8      , 4.801164 , 4.8007903, ..., 4.709874 , 4.7162757,
            4.7153463],
           [4.8      , 4.7924156, 4.7872105, ..., 4.6879883, 4.6839037,
            4.676835 ],
           [4.8      , 4.8014946, 4.8004084, ..., 4.6774764, 4.676025 ,
            4.6757917]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    60.0 60.01 60.02 ... 60.38 60.39

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_north

    standard_name :

    latitude

    long_name :

    latitude

    axis :

    Y

    minval :

    60.0

    maxval :

    60.48191

    array([[60.      , 60.00931 , 60.01561 , ..., 60.37193 , 60.379967,
            60.386772],
           [60.      , 60.0119  , 60.02424 , ..., 60.351864, 60.360012,
            60.370514],
           [60.      , 60.011047, 60.019794, ..., 60.34354 , 60.352825,
            60.363304],
           ...,
           [60.      , 60.007713, 60.017605, ..., 60.36556 , 60.37331 ,
            60.381474],
           [60.      , 60.00875 , 60.02089 , ..., 60.369175, 60.379707,
            60.3885  ],
           [60.      , 60.007133, 60.019157, ..., 60.370934, 60.381832,
            60.392265]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -27.44 -27.53 ... -24.95 -25.42

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    z

    long_name :

    vertical position

    axis :

    Z

    positive :

    up

    minval :

    -52.17797

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[-27.440676, -27.529688, -27.263927, ..., -25.6992  , -26.239588,
            -26.64191 ],
           [-35.759468, -36.016098, -35.890057, ..., -33.90067 , -33.74066 ,
            -34.225372],
           [-30.138168, -30.281532, -30.091478, ..., -29.078096, -28.70799 ,
            -28.856604],
           ...,
           [-24.00539 , -24.056633, -23.702866, ..., -23.828386, -24.19969 ,
            -24.577898],
           [-32.193203, -32.377975, -32.30914 , ..., -30.663513, -31.210749,
            -31.71596 ],
           [-25.088657, -25.130278, -24.783424, ..., -24.41725 , -24.954178,
            -25.415974]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • wind_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02 0.02 0.02 ... 0.02 0.02 0.02

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements at surface are moved with this fraction of the vind vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    0.02

    maxval :

    0.02

    array([[0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           ...,
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • current_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements are moved with this fraction of the current vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • terminal_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m/s

    description :

    Terminal rise/sinking velocity (buoyancy) in the ocean column

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.03643 -0.0399 ... -0.07824

    minval :

    -0.30626705

    maxval :

    0.054507267

    array([[-0.03642667, -0.03990199, -0.03648076, ..., -0.08555233,
            -0.08164186, -0.08164186],
           [-0.04906886, -0.06065095, -0.0665255 , ..., -0.08407165,
            -0.07750485, -0.07750485],
           [-0.04052609, -0.04658659, -0.05074332, ..., -0.07762572,
            -0.06907823, -0.06907823],
           ...,
           [-0.03181426, -0.03144277, -0.03708216, ..., -0.08305189,
            -0.08081042, -0.08081042],
           [-0.04364916, -0.04476034, -0.05185835, ..., -0.0850381 ,
            -0.08046828, -0.08046828],
           [-0.03285227, -0.03095924, -0.04247556, ..., -0.08072416,
            -0.07823586, -0.07823586]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.5446 0.5441 ... 0.5615 0.5615

    minval :

    0.12117945

    maxval :

    0.7268582

    array([[0.54463434, 0.54407114, 0.55015373, ..., 0.5359422 , 0.55331886,
            0.55331886],
           [0.5140993 , 0.5204287 , 0.5348245 , ..., 0.52387005, 0.54765725,
            0.54765725],
           [0.53473294, 0.53076386, 0.5442776 , ..., 0.5203102 , 0.5543828 ,
            0.5543828 ],
           ...,
           [0.55568993, 0.55762583, 0.5604756 , ..., 0.52983207, 0.53450316,
            0.53450316],
           [0.5271897 , 0.5267392 , 0.5291677 , ..., 0.53088677, 0.5476392 ,
            0.5476392 ],
           [0.5532677 , 0.5565987 , 0.5586445 , ..., 0.54975885, 0.5615169 ,
            0.5615169 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.6301 -0.5557 ... -0.7774 -0.7774

    minval :

    -0.8499875

    maxval :

    0.14494377

    array([[-0.63008416, -0.55566454, -0.47668228, ..., -0.7819966 ,
            -0.771555  , -0.771555  ],
           [-0.63008416, -0.55246747, -0.47393999, ..., -0.78687716,
            -0.77638566, -0.77638566],
           [-0.63008416, -0.5585288 , -0.47551385, ..., -0.7941953 ,
            -0.78425795, -0.78425795],
           ...,
           [-0.63008416, -0.5544108 , -0.47402468, ..., -0.77617395,
            -0.7612951 , -0.7612951 ],
           [-0.63008416, -0.5591965 , -0.48147494, ..., -0.78503525,
            -0.7743131 , -0.7743131 ],
           [-0.63008416, -0.5543479 , -0.47404864, ..., -0.78918564,
            -0.77739394, -0.77739394]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.528 1.832 1.92 ... 3.039 3.039

    minval :

    0.69607013

    maxval :

    3.2401602

    array([[1.5283755, 1.8322566, 1.9202646, ..., 3.1312463, 3.0420487,
            3.0420487],
           [1.5283755, 1.8517138, 1.942553 , ..., 3.0977228, 3.014392 ,
            3.014392 ],
           [1.5283755, 1.804531 , 1.9272362, ..., 3.0362787, 2.9473188,
            2.9473188],
           ...,
           [1.5283755, 1.8467149, 1.9411671, ..., 3.0188065, 2.841361 ,
            2.841361 ],
           [1.5283755, 1.8041775, 1.881598 , ..., 3.1455274, 3.0631433,
            3.0631433],
           [1.5283755, 1.8488238, 1.9401549, ..., 3.1437025, 3.0385437,
            3.0385437]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -6.389 -6.662 ... -6.873 -6.873

    minval :

    -7.225639

    maxval :

    -5.1843424

    array([[-6.388552 , -6.6617255, -6.842448 , ..., -6.535423 , -6.8090982,
            -6.8090982],
           [-6.388552 , -6.6690483, -6.838859 , ..., -6.5683627, -6.8386254,
            -6.8386254],
           [-6.388552 , -6.6414847, -6.83755  , ..., -6.639377 , -6.896076 ,
            -6.896076 ],
           ...,
           [-6.388552 , -6.673553 , -6.853157 , ..., -6.4439564, -6.6626067,
            -6.6626067],
           [-6.388552 , -6.645352 , -6.802168 , ..., -6.566088 , -6.840279 ,
            -6.840279 ],
           [-6.388552 , -6.6759152, -6.848558 , ..., -6.6124187, -6.8728323,
            -6.8728323]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • upward_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -4.945e-05 0.0001476 ... -0.0002566

    minval :

    -0.00053603796

    maxval :

    0.0005492913

    array([[-4.9451060e-05,  1.4764427e-04,  3.5256144e-04, ...,
            -3.0021553e-04, -2.2351224e-04, -2.2351224e-04],
           [-1.4257220e-04,  7.0022514e-05,  3.5757222e-04, ...,
             8.8892622e-05, -2.6928476e-04, -2.6928476e-04],
           [-7.9646983e-05,  1.0558505e-04,  3.3555468e-04, ...,
             2.0561457e-04, -8.2562401e-05, -8.2562401e-05],
           ...,
           [-2.8468210e-05,  1.9653700e-04,  3.3510284e-04, ...,
            -2.0628005e-04, -2.1011521e-04, -2.1011521e-04],
           [-1.0265118e-04,  3.8242000e-05,  3.6471439e-04, ...,
            -3.0401984e-04, -2.8067245e-04, -2.8067245e-04],
           [-2.3122402e-05,  1.9269611e-04,  3.2235438e-04, ...,
            -2.9829392e-04, -2.5655329e-04, -2.5655329e-04]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_significant_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.061 1.174 1.242 ... 1.389 1.389

    minval :

    0.6996125

    maxval :

    1.4717638

    array([[1.0614784, 1.1742994, 1.2424601, ..., 1.2919048, 1.3681997,
            1.3681997],
           [1.0614784, 1.178464 , 1.2433702, ..., 1.2973859, 1.3739924,
            1.3739924],
           [1.0614784, 1.165195 , 1.2414716, ..., 1.3111876, 1.3835667,
            1.3835667],
           ...,
           [1.0614784, 1.179488 , 1.2480539, ..., 1.2456892, 1.290606 ,
            1.290606 ],
           [1.0614784, 1.1664276, 1.2253234, ..., 1.3039932, 1.3818376,
            1.3818376],
           [1.0614784, 1.1804553, 1.2464069, ..., 1.3187308, 1.3891268,
            1.3891268]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    278.6 277.1 278.0 ... 326.1 326.1

    minval :

    269.27463

    maxval :

    345.80804

    array([[278.5823 , 277.1098 , 278.0342 , ..., 323.98807, 325.59412,
            325.59412],
           [278.5823 , 275.9232 , 281.03055, ..., 324.76978, 323.63358,
            323.63358],
           [278.5823 , 278.66537, 279.34293, ..., 322.20062, 321.0435 ,
            321.0435 ],
           ...,
           [278.5823 , 276.32346, 277.87747, ..., 320.60678, 317.3596 ,
            317.3596 ],
           [278.5823 , 278.7142 , 282.39395, ..., 323.92975, 325.8662 ,
            325.8662 ],
           [278.5823 , 276.2211 , 278.52158, ..., 323.53604, 326.11124,
            326.11124]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • land_binary_mask
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

• Indexes: (2)
  • trajectory
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([   0,    1,    2,    3,    4,    5,    6,    7,    8,    9,
           ...
           1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999],
          dtype='int64', name='trajectory', length=2000))

  • time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2025-07-11 17:13:53.466005', '2025-07-11 17:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-11 18:13:53.466005', '2025-07-11 18:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-11 19:13:53.466005', '2025-07-11 19:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-11 20:13:53.466005', '2025-07-11 20:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-11 21:13:53.466005', '2025-07-11 21:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-11 22:13:53.466005', '2025-07-11 22:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-11 23:13:53.466005', '2025-07-11 23:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 00:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 00:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 01:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 01:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 02:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 02:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 03:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 03:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 04:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 04:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 05:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 05:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 06:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 06:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 07:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 07:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 08:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 08:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 09:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 09:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 10:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 10:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 11:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 11:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 12:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 12:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 13:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 13:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 14:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 14:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 15:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 15:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 16:13:53.466005', '2025-07-12 16:43:53.466005',
                   '2025-07-12 17:13:53.466005'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='time', freq='30min'))

• Attributes: (119)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.11, ACDD-1.3

  standard_name_vocabulary :

  CF Standard Name Table v85

  featureType :

  trajectory

  title :

  OpenDrift trajectory simulation

  summary :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift framework

  keywords :

  trajectory, drift, lagrangian, simulation

  history :

  Created 2025-07-11 17:13:57.402551

  date_created :

  2025-07-11T17:13:57.402560

  source :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift

  model_url :

  https://github.com/OpenDrift/opendrift

  opendrift_class :

  OceanDrift

  opendrift_module :

  opendrift.models.oceandrift

  readers :

  odict_keys(['LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be', 'global_landmask'])

  time_coverage_start :

  2025-07-11 17:13:53.466005

  time_step_calculation :

  0:30:00

  time_step_output :

  0:30:00

  config_environment:constant:x_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:x_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  config_environment:constant:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  config_environment:constant:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_general:use_auto_landmask :

  True

  config_drift:current_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:current_uncertainty_uniform :

  0

  config_drift:max_speed :

  2.0

  config_readers:max_number_of_fails :

  1

  config_general:simulation_name :

  config_general:coastline_action :

  stranding

  config_general:coastline_approximation_precision :

  0.001

  config_general:time_step_minutes :

  60

  config_general:time_step_output_minutes :

  None

  config_seed:ocean_only :

  True

  config_seed:number :

  1

  config_drift:max_age_seconds :

  None

  config_drift:advection_scheme :

  euler

  config_drift:horizontal_diffusivity :

  10.0

  config_drift:profiles_depth :

  50

  config_drift:wind_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:relative_wind :

  False

  config_drift:deactivate_north_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_south_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_east_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_west_of :

  None

  config_seed:origin_marker :

  0

  config_seed:z :

  0

  config_seed:wind_drift_factor :

  0.02

  config_seed:current_drift_factor :

  1

  config_seed:terminal_velocity :

  0.0

  config_drift:vertical_advection :

  True

  config_drift:vertical_advection_at_surface :

  False

  config_drift:water_column_stretching :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_correction :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing_at_surface :

  False

  config_vertical_mixing:timestep :

  60

  config_vertical_mixing:diffusivitymodel :

  environment

  config_vertical_mixing:background_diffusivity :

  1.2e-05

  config_vertical_mixing:TSprofiles :

  False

  config_drift:wind_drift_depth :

  0.1

  config_drift:stokes_drift :

  True

  config_drift:stokes_drift_profile :

  Phillips

  config_drift:use_tabularised_stokes_drift :

  False

  config_drift:tabularised_stokes_drift_fetch :

  25000

  config_general:seafloor_action :

  lift_to_seafloor

  config_drift:truncate_ocean_model_below_m :

  None

  config_seed:seafloor :

  False

  opendrift_version :

  1.14.2

  seed_geojson :

  {"features": [], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

  simulation_time :

  2025-07-11 17:13:57.467773

  reader_x_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be']

  reader_y_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be']

  reader_sea_surface_height :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be']

  reader_x_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be']

  reader_y_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be']

  reader_upward_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be']

  reader_sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be']

  reader_land_binary_mask :

  ['global_landmask']

  time_coverage_end :

  2025-07-12 17:13:53.466005

  time_coverage_duration :

  P1DT0H0M0S

  time_coverage_resolution :

  P0DT0H30M0S

  performance :

  -------------------- Reader performance: -------------------- global_landmask 0:00:00.0 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.0 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be 0:00:34.9 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:34.6 reading 0:00:00.5 interpolation 0:00:00.0 interpolation_time 0:00:00.3 rotating vectors 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- Performance: 42.5 total time 3.9 configuration 0.0 preparing main loop 0.0 moving elements to ocean 38.5 main loop 0.1 updating elements 0.0 cleaning up --------------------

  geospatial_bounds_crs :

  EPSG:4326

  geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs :

  EPSG:5831

  geospatial_lat_min :

  60.0

  geospatial_lat_max :

  60.48191

  geospatial_lat_units :

  degrees_north

  geospatial_lat_resolution :

  point

  geospatial_lon_min :

  4.520874

  geospatial_lon_max :

  4.823682

  geospatial_lon_units :

  degrees_east

  geospatial_lon_resolution :

  point

  runtime :

  0:00:42.582682

  geospatial_vertical_min :

  -52.17797

  geospatial_vertical_max :

  0.0

  geospatial_vertical_positive :

  up

Plot results with lines and particles colored by depth

print(o)
o.plot(linecolor='z', buffer=.1, show_elements=False)
o.animation(color='z', buffer=.1)

===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
global_landmask
 0:00:00.0  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:00.0  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be
 0:00:34.9  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:34.6  reading
 0:00:00.5  interpolation
 0:00:00.0  interpolation_time
 0:00:00.3  rotating vectors
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
Performance:
   42.5 total time
    3.9 configuration
    0.0 preparing main loop
      0.0 moving elements to ocean
   38.5 main loop
      0.1 updating elements
    0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.2)
        2000 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
     1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity

Discarded readers:

Time:
        Start: 2025-07-11 17:13:53.466005 UTC
        Present: 2025-07-12 17:13:53.466005 UTC
        Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
        Output steps: 49 * 0:30:00
===========================

17:15:36 INFO    opendrift:4553: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_depth_0.gif...
17:16:08 INFO    opendrift:2994: Time to make animation: 0:00:33.174178