Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
Drift at different depths
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift
o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20) # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information
17:12:05 INFO opendrift:509: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.13.0 / v1.13.0-15-g93fccf7)
Using live data from Thredds
o.add_readers_from_list([
'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be'])
Adding some diffusion
o.set_config('drift:horizontal_diffusivity', 10) # m2/s
Seed 1000 elements at random depths
z = -np.random.rand(2000)*50
o.seed_elements(lon=4.8, lat=60.0, z=z, radius=0, number=2000,
time=datetime.utcnow())
print(o)
17:12:05 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:206: Adding a dynamical landmask with max. priority based on assumed maximum speed of 2.0 m/s. Adding a customised landmask may be faster...
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:233: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: x_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_height: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: x_wind: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: y_wind: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_swell_wave_to_direction: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_swell_wave_peak_period_from_variance_spectral_density: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_swell_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_wind_wave_to_direction: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_wind_wave_mean_period: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_wind_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: surface_downward_x_stress: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: surface_downward_y_stress: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: turbulent_kinetic_energy: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: turbulent_generic_length_scale: 0.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
===========================
Model: OceanDrift (OpenDrift version 1.13.0)
0 active Lagrangian3DArray particles (0 deactivated, 2000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_surface_height
sea_surface_swell_wave_peak_period_from_variance_spectral_density
sea_surface_swell_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_swell_wave_to_direction
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
sea_surface_wind_wave_mean_period
sea_surface_wind_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wind_wave_to_direction
surface_downward_x_stress
surface_downward_y_stress
turbulent_generic_length_scale
turbulent_kinetic_energy
upward_sea_water_velocity
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be
Discarded readers:
===========================
Running model
o.run(duration=timedelta(hours=24), time_step=1800)
17:12:09 INFO opendrift:919: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask
17:12:09 INFO opendrift:930: All points are in ocean
17:12:09 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-18 17:12:05.363790 - step 1 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:09 INFO opendrift.readers:58: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
17:12:10 INFO opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:338: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
17:12:13 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-18 17:42:05.363790 - step 2 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:13 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-18 18:12:05.363790 - step 3 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:14 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-18 18:42:05.363790 - step 4 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:14 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-18 19:12:05.363790 - step 5 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:16 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-18 19:42:05.363790 - step 6 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:16 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-18 20:12:05.363790 - step 7 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:17 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-18 20:42:05.363790 - step 8 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:17 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-18 21:12:05.363790 - step 9 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:18 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-18 21:42:05.363790 - step 10 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:18 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-18 22:12:05.363790 - step 11 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:20 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-18 22:42:05.363790 - step 12 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:20 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-18 23:12:05.363790 - step 13 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:21 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-18 23:42:05.363790 - step 14 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:21 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 00:12:05.363790 - step 15 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:22 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 00:42:05.363790 - step 16 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:23 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 01:12:05.363790 - step 17 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:26 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 01:42:05.363790 - step 18 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:26 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 02:12:05.363790 - step 19 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:28 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 02:42:05.363790 - step 20 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:28 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 03:12:05.363790 - step 21 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:30 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 03:42:05.363790 - step 22 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:30 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 04:12:05.363790 - step 23 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
17:12:34 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 04:42:05.363790 - step 24 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
17:12:34 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 05:12:05.363790 - step 25 of 48 - 1998 active elements (2 deactivated)
17:12:36 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 05:42:05.363790 - step 26 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
17:12:36 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 06:12:05.363790 - step 27 of 48 - 1993 active elements (7 deactivated)
17:12:38 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 06:42:05.363790 - step 28 of 48 - 1988 active elements (12 deactivated)
17:12:38 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 07:12:05.363790 - step 29 of 48 - 1983 active elements (17 deactivated)
17:12:39 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 07:42:05.363790 - step 30 of 48 - 1979 active elements (21 deactivated)
17:12:39 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 08:12:05.363790 - step 31 of 48 - 1973 active elements (27 deactivated)
17:12:41 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 08:42:05.363790 - step 32 of 48 - 1969 active elements (31 deactivated)
17:12:41 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 09:12:05.363790 - step 33 of 48 - 1963 active elements (37 deactivated)
17:12:43 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 09:42:05.363790 - step 34 of 48 - 1956 active elements (44 deactivated)
17:12:43 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 10:12:05.363790 - step 35 of 48 - 1951 active elements (49 deactivated)
17:12:45 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 10:42:05.363790 - step 36 of 48 - 1944 active elements (56 deactivated)
17:12:45 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 11:12:05.363790 - step 37 of 48 - 1935 active elements (65 deactivated)
17:12:46 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 11:42:05.363790 - step 38 of 48 - 1916 active elements (84 deactivated)
17:12:46 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 12:12:05.363790 - step 39 of 48 - 1904 active elements (96 deactivated)
17:12:48 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 12:42:05.363790 - step 40 of 48 - 1884 active elements (116 deactivated)
17:12:48 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 13:12:05.363790 - step 41 of 48 - 1865 active elements (135 deactivated)
17:12:50 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 13:42:05.363790 - step 42 of 48 - 1857 active elements (143 deactivated)
17:12:50 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 14:12:05.363790 - step 43 of 48 - 1846 active elements (154 deactivated)
17:12:52 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 14:42:05.363790 - step 44 of 48 - 1825 active elements (175 deactivated)
17:12:52 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 15:12:05.363790 - step 45 of 48 - 1813 active elements (187 deactivated)
17:12:53 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 15:42:05.363790 - step 46 of 48 - 1802 active elements (198 deactivated)
17:12:53 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 16:12:05.363790 - step 47 of 48 - 1783 active elements (217 deactivated)
17:12:55 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-02-19 16:42:05.363790 - step 48 of 48 - 1763 active elements (237 deactivated)
Plot results with lines and particles colored by depth
print(o)
o.plot(linecolor='z', buffer=.1, show_elements=False, fast=False)
o.animation(color='z', buffer=.1, fast=True)
===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
global_landmask
0:00:01.5 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:01.5 reading
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be
0:00:38.4 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:37.4 reading
0:00:00.6 interpolation
0:00:00.0 interpolation_time
0:00:00.9 rotating vectors
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
Performance:
49.9 total time
3.9 configuration
0.0 preparing main loop
0.0 moving elements to ocean
46.0 main loop
0.1 updating elements
0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model: OceanDrift (OpenDrift version 1.13.0)
1748 active Lagrangian3DArray particles (252 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_surface_height
upward_sea_water_velocity
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_surface_swell_wave_peak_period_from_variance_spectral_density
sea_surface_swell_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_swell_wave_to_direction
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
sea_surface_wind_wave_mean_period
sea_surface_wind_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wind_wave_to_direction
surface_downward_x_stress
surface_downward_y_stress
turbulent_generic_length_scale
turbulent_kinetic_energy
Discarded readers:
Time:
Start: 2025-02-18 17:12:05.363790 UTC
Present: 2025-02-19 17:12:05.363790 UTC
Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
Output steps: 49 * 0:30:00
===========================
17:14:01 WARNING opendrift:2429: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
17:14:03 INFO opendrift:4611: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_depth_0.gif...
17:14:33 INFO opendrift:3048: Time to make animation: 0:00:31.636107
Total running time of the script: (2 minutes 36.001 seconds)