Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
Drift at different depths
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift
o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20) # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information
14:23:03 INFO opendrift:509: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.13.0 / v1.13.0-75-gd4c13d2)
Using live data from Thredds
o.add_readers_from_list([
'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be'])
Adding some diffusion
o.set_config('drift:horizontal_diffusivity', 10) # m2/s
Seed 1000 elements at random depths
z = -np.random.rand(2000)*50
o.seed_elements(lon=4.8, lat=60.0, z=z, radius=0, number=2000,
time=datetime.utcnow())
print(o)
14:23:03 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:206: Adding a dynamical landmask with max. priority based on assumed maximum speed of 2.0 m/s. Adding a customised landmask may be faster...
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:233: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: x_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_height: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: x_wind: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: y_wind: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_swell_wave_to_direction: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_swell_wave_peak_period_from_variance_spectral_density: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_swell_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_wind_wave_to_direction: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_wind_wave_mean_period: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_surface_wind_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: surface_downward_x_stress: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: surface_downward_y_stress: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: turbulent_kinetic_energy: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: turbulent_generic_length_scale: 0.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:236: sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
===========================
Model: OceanDrift (OpenDrift version 1.13.0)
0 active Lagrangian3DArray particles (0 deactivated, 2000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_surface_height
sea_surface_swell_wave_peak_period_from_variance_spectral_density
sea_surface_swell_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_swell_wave_to_direction
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
sea_surface_wind_wave_mean_period
sea_surface_wind_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wind_wave_to_direction
surface_downward_x_stress
surface_downward_y_stress
turbulent_generic_length_scale
turbulent_kinetic_energy
upward_sea_water_velocity
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be
Discarded readers:
===========================
Running model
o.run(duration=timedelta(hours=24), time_step=1800)
14:23:07 INFO opendrift:919: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask
14:23:07 INFO opendrift:930: All points are in ocean
14:23:07 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 14:23:03.328012 - step 1 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:07 INFO opendrift.readers:58: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
14:23:09 INFO opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:338: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
14:23:11 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 14:53:03.328012 - step 2 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:11 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 15:23:03.328012 - step 3 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:12 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 15:53:03.328012 - step 4 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:12 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 16:23:03.328012 - step 5 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:13 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 16:53:03.328012 - step 6 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:14 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 17:23:03.328012 - step 7 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:15 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 17:53:03.328012 - step 8 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:15 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 18:23:03.328012 - step 9 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:16 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 18:53:03.328012 - step 10 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:16 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 19:23:03.328012 - step 11 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:17 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 19:53:03.328012 - step 12 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:17 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 20:23:03.328012 - step 13 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:19 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 20:53:03.328012 - step 14 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:19 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 21:23:03.328012 - step 15 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:20 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 21:53:03.328012 - step 16 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:20 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 22:23:03.328012 - step 17 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:21 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 22:53:03.328012 - step 18 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:21 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 23:23:03.328012 - step 19 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:22 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-13 23:53:03.328012 - step 20 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:22 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 00:23:03.328012 - step 21 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:23 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 00:53:03.328012 - step 22 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:23 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 01:23:03.328012 - step 23 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:25 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 01:53:03.328012 - step 24 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:25 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 02:23:03.328012 - step 25 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:26 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 02:53:03.328012 - step 26 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:26 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 03:23:03.328012 - step 27 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:27 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 03:53:03.328012 - step 28 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:28 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 04:23:03.328012 - step 29 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:29 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 04:53:03.328012 - step 30 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:29 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 05:23:03.328012 - step 31 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:30 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 05:53:03.328012 - step 32 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:30 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 06:23:03.328012 - step 33 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:31 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 06:53:03.328012 - step 34 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:31 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 07:23:03.328012 - step 35 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:33 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 07:53:03.328012 - step 36 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:33 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 08:23:03.328012 - step 37 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:34 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 08:53:03.328012 - step 38 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:34 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 09:23:03.328012 - step 39 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:35 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 09:53:03.328012 - step 40 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:35 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 10:23:03.328012 - step 41 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:37 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 10:53:03.328012 - step 42 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:37 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 11:23:03.328012 - step 43 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:38 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 11:53:03.328012 - step 44 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:38 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 12:23:03.328012 - step 45 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:39 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 12:53:03.328012 - step 46 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:39 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 13:23:03.328012 - step 47 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:23:40 INFO opendrift:2056: 2025-03-14 13:53:03.328012 - step 48 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
Plot results with lines and particles colored by depth
print(o)
o.plot(linecolor='z', buffer=.1, show_elements=False, fast=False)
o.animation(color='z', buffer=.1, fast=True)
===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
global_landmask
0:00:00.0 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:00.0 reading
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be
0:00:29.4 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:28.5 reading
0:00:00.5 interpolation
0:00:00.0 interpolation_time
0:00:00.9 rotating vectors
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
Performance:
37.7 total time
3.9 configuration
0.0 preparing main loop
0.0 moving elements to ocean
33.8 main loop
0.1 updating elements
0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model: OceanDrift (OpenDrift version 1.13.0)
2000 active Lagrangian3DArray particles (0 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_surface_height
upward_sea_water_velocity
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/sea/norkyst800m/1h/aggregate_be
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_surface_swell_wave_peak_period_from_variance_spectral_density
sea_surface_swell_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_swell_wave_to_direction
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
sea_surface_wind_wave_mean_period
sea_surface_wind_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wind_wave_to_direction
surface_downward_x_stress
surface_downward_y_stress
turbulent_generic_length_scale
turbulent_kinetic_energy
Discarded readers:
Time:
Start: 2025-03-13 14:23:03.328012 UTC
Present: 2025-03-14 14:23:03.328012 UTC
Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
Output steps: 49 * 0:30:00
===========================
14:24:43 WARNING opendrift:2429: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
14:24:44 INFO opendrift:4600: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_depth_0.gif...
14:25:06 INFO opendrift:3036: Time to make animation: 0:00:23.658665
Total running time of the script: (2 minutes 10.603 seconds)