Drift at different depths

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift

o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20)  # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information

15:18:53 INFO    opendrift:568: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.3 / v1.14.3-4-ga7b402c)

Using live data from Thredds

o.add_readers_from_list([
    'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be'])

Adding some diffusion

o.set_config('drift:horizontal_diffusivity', 10)  # m2/s

Seed 1000 elements at random depths

z = -np.random.rand(2000)*50
o.seed_elements(lon=4.8, lat=60.0, z=z, radius=0, number=2000,
                time=datetime.now())

print(o)

15:18:53 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:206: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:229: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    x_wind: 0.000000
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    y_wind: 0.000000
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.3)
        0 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 2000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
  ocean_vertical_diffusivity
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
  LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be

Discarded readers:
===========================

Running model

o.run(duration=timedelta(hours=24), time_step=1800)

15:18:58 INFO    opendrift:1778: Skipping environment variable ocean_vertical_diffusivity because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift:1778: Skipping environment variable ocean_mixed_layer_thickness because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift:1789: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift:1789: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift:1797: Storing previous values of environment variable sea_surface_height because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', True]
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift:944: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift:974: All points are in ocean
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 15:18:53.053154 - step 1 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:18:58 INFO    opendrift.readers:61: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
15:19:01 INFO    opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:332: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
15:19:01 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
15:19:01 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
15:19:01 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
15:19:01 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
15:19:04 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 15:48:53.053154 - step 2 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:04 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 16:18:53.053154 - step 3 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:06 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 16:48:53.053154 - step 4 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:06 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 17:18:53.053154 - step 5 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:08 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 17:48:53.053154 - step 6 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:08 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 18:18:53.053154 - step 7 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:10 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 18:48:53.053154 - step 8 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:10 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 19:18:53.053154 - step 9 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:12 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 19:48:53.053154 - step 10 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:12 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 20:18:53.053154 - step 11 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:14 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 20:48:53.053154 - step 12 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:14 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 21:18:53.053154 - step 13 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:17 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 21:48:53.053154 - step 14 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:17 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 22:18:53.053154 - step 15 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:20 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 22:48:53.053154 - step 16 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:20 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 23:18:53.053154 - step 17 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:21 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-12 23:48:53.053154 - step 18 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:21 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 00:18:53.053154 - step 19 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:23 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 00:48:53.053154 - step 20 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:23 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 01:18:53.053154 - step 21 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:24 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 01:48:53.053154 - step 22 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:24 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 02:18:53.053154 - step 23 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:25 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 02:48:53.053154 - step 24 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:25 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 03:18:53.053154 - step 25 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:27 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 03:48:53.053154 - step 26 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:27 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 04:18:53.053154 - step 27 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:28 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 04:48:53.053154 - step 28 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:28 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 05:18:53.053154 - step 29 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:29 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 05:48:53.053154 - step 30 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:29 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 06:18:53.053154 - step 31 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:31 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 06:48:53.053154 - step 32 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:31 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 07:18:53.053154 - step 33 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:33 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 07:48:53.053154 - step 34 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:33 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 08:18:53.053154 - step 35 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:34 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 08:48:53.053154 - step 36 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:34 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 09:18:53.053154 - step 37 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:35 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 09:48:53.053154 - step 38 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:36 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 10:18:53.053154 - step 39 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:37 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 10:48:53.053154 - step 40 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:37 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 11:18:53.053154 - step 41 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:39 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 11:48:53.053154 - step 42 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:39 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 12:18:53.053154 - step 43 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:40 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 12:48:53.053154 - step 44 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:40 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 13:18:53.053154 - step 45 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:41 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 13:48:53.053154 - step 46 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:41 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 14:18:53.053154 - step 47 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
15:19:43 INFO    opendrift:2085: 2025-09-13 14:48:53.053154 - step 48 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 8MB
Dimensions:                                   (trajectory: 2000, time: 49)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                (trajectory) int64 16kB 0 ... 1999
  * time                                      (time) datetime64[ns] 392B 2025...
Data variables: (12/21)
    status                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    moving                                    (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    age_seconds                               (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    origin_marker                             (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lon                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    lat                                       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    ...                                        ...
    upward_sea_water_velocity                 (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_significant_height       (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level           (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
    land_binary_mask                          (trajectory, time) float32 392kB ...
Attributes: (12/119)
    Conventions:                                                           CF...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                              CF...
    featureType:                                                           tr...
    title:                                                                 Op...
    summary:                                                               Ou...
    keywords:                                                              tr...
    ...                                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                  de...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                             point
    runtime:                                                               0:...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                               -5...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                               0.0
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                          up

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • trajectory: 2000
  • time: 49
• Coordinates: (2)
  • trajectory
    (trajectory)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 ... 1996 1997 1998 1999

    cf_role :

    trajectory_id

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    array([   0,    1,    2, ..., 1997, 1998, 1999], shape=(2000,))

  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2025-09-12T15:18:53.053154 ... 2...

    standard_name :

    time

    long_name :

    time

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float64'>

    array(['2025-09-12T15:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-12T15:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-12T16:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-12T16:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-12T17:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-12T17:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-12T18:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-12T18:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-12T19:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-12T19:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-12T20:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-12T20:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-12T21:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-12T21:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-12T22:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-12T22:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-12T23:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-12T23:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-13T00:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-13T00:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-13T01:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-13T01:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-13T02:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-13T02:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-13T03:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-13T03:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-13T04:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-13T04:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-13T05:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-13T05:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-13T06:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-13T06:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-13T07:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-13T07:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-13T08:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-13T08:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-13T09:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-13T09:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-13T10:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-13T10:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-13T11:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-13T11:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-13T12:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-13T12:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-13T13:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-13T13:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-13T14:18:53.053154000', '2025-09-13T14:48:53.053154000',
           '2025-09-13T15:18:53.053154000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (21)
  • status
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    valid_range :

    [0 0]

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    active

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • moving
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    minval :

    1

    maxval :

    1

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • age_seconds
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 1.8e+03 ... 8.46e+04 8.64e+04

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    86400.0

    array([[    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           ...,
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 82800., 84600., 86400.]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • origin_marker
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    unit :

    description :

    An integer kept constant during the simulation. Different values may be used for different seedings, to separate elements during analysis. With GUI, only a single seeding is possible.

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    Seed_0

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lon
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    4.8 4.801 4.802 ... 4.769 4.768

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    long_name :

    longitude

    axis :

    X

    minval :

    4.5862927

    maxval :

    4.901066

    array([[4.8      , 4.8010087, 4.8019304, ..., 4.7668095, 4.7624655,
            4.7620687],
           [4.8      , 4.8056483, 4.8048286, ..., 4.693073 , 4.6894455,
            4.6866374],
           [4.8      , 4.7956157, 4.802592 , ..., 4.7554874, 4.7558823,
            4.753337 ],
           ...,
           [4.8      , 4.8037477, 4.8059015, ..., 4.8060427, 4.8127728,
            4.8118086],
           [4.8      , 4.794979 , 4.791891 , ..., 4.698925 , 4.6942806,
            4.6865444],
           [4.8      , 4.804024 , 4.805412 , ..., 4.7711964, 4.7692084,
            4.767857 ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    60.0 60.01 60.01 ... 60.45 60.46

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_north

    standard_name :

    latitude

    long_name :

    latitude

    axis :

    Y

    minval :

    60.0

    maxval :

    60.5752

    array([[60.      , 60.00884 , 60.014786, ..., 60.441822, 60.449406,
            60.45515 ],
           [60.      , 60.011253, 60.022896, ..., 60.431168, 60.43962 ,
            60.449753],
           [60.      , 60.010517, 60.018753, ..., 60.429485, 60.438564,
            60.44777 ],
           ...,
           [60.      , 60.00731 , 60.01697 , ..., 60.423954, 60.430164,
            60.435787],
           [60.      , 60.008175, 60.019775, ..., 60.44006 , 60.450577,
            60.458687],
           [60.      , 60.00671 , 60.018467, ..., 60.443474, 60.45358 ,
            60.462673]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -27.44 -27.93 ... -40.05 -38.87

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    z

    long_name :

    vertical position

    axis :

    Z

    positive :

    up

    minval :

    -54.45351

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[-27.440676, -27.928705, -28.091553, ..., -42.83645 , -41.121864,
            -39.68557 ],
           [-35.759468, -36.22461 , -36.262794, ..., -46.03305 , -46.230392,
            -46.449196],
           [-30.138168, -30.618774, -30.622236, ..., -37.658897, -37.28293 ,
            -36.542007],
           ...,
           [-24.00539 , -24.474075, -24.701923, ..., -48.0364  , -46.86682 ,
            -45.431652],
           [-32.193203, -32.668156, -32.670296, ..., -43.07818 , -42.992943,
            -42.94875 ],
           [-25.088657, -25.583158, -25.816225, ..., -41.772667, -40.052246,
            -38.8715  ]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • wind_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02 0.02 0.02 ... 0.02 0.02 0.02

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements at surface are moved with this fraction of the vind vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    0.02

    maxval :

    0.02

    array([[0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           ...,
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • current_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements are moved with this fraction of the current vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • terminal_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m/s

    description :

    Terminal rise/sinking velocity (buoyancy) in the ocean column

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.04231 0.03709 ... -0.1124 -0.1124

    minval :

    -0.26107368

    maxval :

    0.10406007

    array([[ 0.04231482,  0.03709435,  0.03557976, ..., -0.08530162,
            -0.08926263, -0.08926263],
           [ 0.03090528,  0.02989122,  0.01935645, ..., -0.11229754,
            -0.10779439, -0.10779439],
           [ 0.03861511,  0.02236239,  0.02681631, ..., -0.06091056,
            -0.07468574, -0.07468574],
           ...,
           [ 0.04826651,  0.04686598,  0.04164549, ..., -0.07333795,
            -0.08182615, -0.08182615],
           [ 0.03579655,  0.02083073,  0.00507734, ..., -0.10188534,
            -0.1004093 , -0.1004093 ],
           [ 0.04554071,  0.0456934 ,  0.03728597, ..., -0.09704164,
            -0.11239061, -0.11239061]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.5154 0.5222 ... 0.4788 0.4788

    minval :

    0.048577216

    maxval :

    0.87236345

    array([[0.5153531 , 0.52223605, 0.5396249 , ..., 0.5079144 , 0.4877952 ,
            0.4877952 ],
           [0.47396553, 0.47748744, 0.4805182 , ..., 0.5428108 , 0.52459985,
            0.52459985],
           [0.50193256, 0.4991084 , 0.5173147 , ..., 0.50736934, 0.47562468,
            0.47562468],
           ...,
           [0.53052425, 0.54357886, 0.5532811 , ..., 0.43450528, 0.377236  ,
            0.377236  ],
           [0.49170837, 0.4933491 , 0.49073464, ..., 0.530069  , 0.5051542 ,
            0.5051542 ],
           [0.52705485, 0.539955  , 0.54429805, ..., 0.50083935, 0.47877893,
            0.47877893]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.1653 -0.2569 ... 0.02704 0.02704

    minval :

    -0.67227113

    maxval :

    0.2102617

    array([[-0.1652913 , -0.25688773, -0.3431911 , ...,  0.08223024,
             0.02429499,  0.02429499],
           [-0.1652913 , -0.25467739, -0.34274104, ...,  0.04818737,
            -0.00700314, -0.00700314],
           [-0.1652913 , -0.25927922, -0.3432957 , ...,  0.07533231,
             0.02001716,  0.02001716],
           ...,
           [-0.1652913 , -0.25562003, -0.3415388 , ...,  0.09382956,
             0.03991806,  0.03991806],
           [-0.1652913 , -0.25966218, -0.3482725 , ...,  0.05305988,
            -0.00208734, -0.00208734],
           [-0.1652913 , -0.25546598, -0.34192452, ...,  0.08406545,
             0.02703593,  0.02703593]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • x_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.738 1.842 ... -0.02334 -0.02334

    minval :

    -8.216587

    maxval :

    4.166198

    array([[ 1.7382702 ,  1.8416581 ,  2.0373323 , ...,  1.5005059 ,
            -0.10348783, -0.10348783],
           [ 1.7382702 ,  1.8162174 ,  2.0328398 , ...,  0.5020784 ,
            -0.9662671 , -0.9662671 ],
           [ 1.7382702 ,  1.8732105 ,  2.0371027 , ...,  1.2463769 ,
            -0.31189424, -0.31189424],
           ...,
           [ 1.7382702 ,  1.8279557 ,  2.0335078 , ...,  1.1222372 ,
            -0.02391375, -0.02391375],
           [ 1.7382702 ,  1.8769722 ,  2.0572739 , ...,  0.7347494 ,
            -0.7355332 , -0.7355332 ],
           [ 1.7382702 ,  1.8272414 ,  2.0345297 , ...,  1.5253106 ,
            -0.02334404, -0.02334404]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • y_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    10.75 10.61 10.5 ... 0.4398 0.4398

    minval :

    -2.2882948

    maxval :

    11.444367

    array([[10.748779  , 10.607903  , 10.499939  , ...,  0.96540254,
             0.48908344,  0.48908344],
           [10.748779  , 10.606607  , 10.486596  , ...,  1.4939084 ,
             1.1313696 ,  1.1313696 ],
           [10.748779  , 10.599924  , 10.491989  , ...,  0.7968378 ,
             0.3625748 ,  0.3625748 ],
           ...,
           [10.748779  , 10.614389  , 10.495728  , ...,  0.18968698,
            -0.55156785, -0.55156785],
           [10.748779  , 10.604497  , 10.494906  , ...,  1.6974409 ,
             1.2767153 ,  1.2767153 ],
           [10.748779  , 10.616337  , 10.4927025 , ...,  0.952176  ,
             0.43978408,  0.43978408]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • upward_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.0002711 -9.047e-05 ... 0.000656

    minval :

    -0.002262733

    maxval :

    0.0013851204

    array([[-2.71127152e-04, -9.04711487e-05, -2.44153016e-05, ...,
             9.52546252e-04,  7.97942339e-04,  7.97942339e-04],
           [-2.58410844e-04, -2.12134801e-05,  5.40412038e-05, ...,
            -1.09633685e-04, -1.21556659e-04, -1.21556659e-04],
           [-2.67003721e-04, -1.92343214e-06,  1.07670103e-05, ...,
             2.08870639e-04,  4.11622052e-04,  4.11622052e-04],
           ...,
           [-2.60381086e-04, -1.26581726e-04, -7.11765824e-05, ...,
             6.49765250e-04,  7.97316316e-04,  7.97316316e-04],
           [-2.63862341e-04, -1.18951800e-06,  1.64836718e-04, ...,
             4.73521613e-05,  2.45518349e-05,  2.45518349e-05],
           [-2.74722523e-04, -1.29481909e-04, -6.20092251e-05, ...,
             9.55789757e-04,  6.55971118e-04,  6.55971118e-04]],
          shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_significant_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    2.917 2.852 ... 0.004771 0.004771

    minval :

    7.270308e-06

    maxval :

    4.3830376

    array([[2.9165227 , 2.8516145 , 2.8142262 , ..., 0.07831459, 0.00614784,
            0.00614784],
           [2.9165227 , 2.8486495 , 2.8068879 , ..., 0.06110258, 0.05445627,
            0.05445627],
           [2.9165227 , 2.8503358 , 2.810098  , ..., 0.05383479, 0.00562697,
            0.00562697],
           ...,
           [2.9165227 , 2.853764  , 2.8116677 , ..., 0.03186678, 0.00749805,
            0.00749805],
           [2.9165227 , 2.853068  , 2.8136353 , ..., 0.08416058, 0.05340686,
            0.05340686],
           [2.9165227 , 2.8547173 , 2.810208  , ..., 0.079537  , 0.00477129,
            0.00477129]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    275.7 273.5 273.9 ... 235.3 235.3

    minval :

    107.392166

    maxval :

    345.9591

    array([[275.67816, 273.53247, 273.92453, ..., 248.07529, 248.5714 ,
            248.5714 ],
           [275.67816, 272.78342, 277.2232 , ..., 333.85767, 333.70743,
            333.70743],
           [275.67816, 274.48938, 275.42896, ..., 270.86847, 265.36566,
            265.36566],
           ...,
           [275.67816, 273.06555, 274.28604, ..., 199.34021, 185.88495,
            185.88495],
           [275.67816, 274.46454, 277.2088 , ..., 327.216  , 326.1732 ,
            326.1732 ],
           [275.67816, 273.02557, 274.94293, ..., 240.59254, 235.28793,
            235.28793]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

  • land_binary_mask
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2000, 49), dtype=float32)

• Indexes: (2)
  • trajectory
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([   0,    1,    2,    3,    4,    5,    6,    7,    8,    9,
           ...
           1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999],
          dtype='int64', name='trajectory', length=2000))

  • time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2025-09-12 15:18:53.053154', '2025-09-12 15:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-12 16:18:53.053154', '2025-09-12 16:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-12 17:18:53.053154', '2025-09-12 17:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-12 18:18:53.053154', '2025-09-12 18:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-12 19:18:53.053154', '2025-09-12 19:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-12 20:18:53.053154', '2025-09-12 20:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-12 21:18:53.053154', '2025-09-12 21:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-12 22:18:53.053154', '2025-09-12 22:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-12 23:18:53.053154', '2025-09-12 23:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-13 00:18:53.053154', '2025-09-13 00:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-13 01:18:53.053154', '2025-09-13 01:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-13 02:18:53.053154', '2025-09-13 02:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-13 03:18:53.053154', '2025-09-13 03:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-13 04:18:53.053154', '2025-09-13 04:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-13 05:18:53.053154', '2025-09-13 05:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-13 06:18:53.053154', '2025-09-13 06:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-13 07:18:53.053154', '2025-09-13 07:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-13 08:18:53.053154', '2025-09-13 08:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-13 09:18:53.053154', '2025-09-13 09:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-13 10:18:53.053154', '2025-09-13 10:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-13 11:18:53.053154', '2025-09-13 11:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-13 12:18:53.053154', '2025-09-13 12:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-13 13:18:53.053154', '2025-09-13 13:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-13 14:18:53.053154', '2025-09-13 14:48:53.053154',
                   '2025-09-13 15:18:53.053154'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='time', freq='30min'))

• Attributes: (119)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.11, ACDD-1.3

  standard_name_vocabulary :

  CF Standard Name Table v85

  featureType :

  trajectory

  title :

  OpenDrift trajectory simulation

  summary :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift framework

  keywords :

  trajectory, drift, lagrangian, simulation

  history :

  Created 2025-09-12 15:18:58.314719

  date_created :

  2025-09-12T15:18:58.314735

  source :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift

  model_url :

  https://github.com/OpenDrift/opendrift

  opendrift_class :

  OceanDrift

  opendrift_module :

  opendrift.models.oceandrift

  readers :

  odict_keys(['LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'global_landmask'])

  time_coverage_start :

  2025-09-12 15:18:53.053154

  time_step_calculation :

  0:30:00

  time_step_output :

  0:30:00

  config_environment:constant:x_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:x_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  config_environment:constant:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  config_environment:constant:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_general:use_auto_landmask :

  True

  config_drift:current_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:current_uncertainty_uniform :

  0

  config_drift:max_speed :

  2.0

  config_readers:max_number_of_fails :

  1

  config_general:simulation_name :

  config_general:coastline_action :

  stranding

  config_general:coastline_approximation_precision :

  0.001

  config_general:time_step_minutes :

  60

  config_general:time_step_output_minutes :

  None

  config_seed:ocean_only :

  True

  config_seed:number :

  1

  config_drift:max_age_seconds :

  None

  config_drift:advection_scheme :

  euler

  config_drift:horizontal_diffusivity :

  10.0

  config_drift:profiles_depth :

  50

  config_drift:wind_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:relative_wind :

  False

  config_drift:deactivate_north_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_south_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_east_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_west_of :

  None

  config_seed:origin_marker :

  0

  config_seed:z :

  0

  config_seed:wind_drift_factor :

  0.02

  config_seed:current_drift_factor :

  1

  config_seed:terminal_velocity :

  0.0

  config_drift:vertical_advection :

  True

  config_drift:vertical_advection_at_surface :

  False

  config_drift:water_column_stretching :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_correction :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing_at_surface :

  False

  config_vertical_mixing:timestep :

  60

  config_vertical_mixing:diffusivitymodel :

  environment

  config_vertical_mixing:background_diffusivity :

  1.2e-05

  config_vertical_mixing:TSprofiles :

  False

  config_drift:wind_drift_depth :

  0.1

  config_drift:stokes_drift :

  True

  config_drift:stokes_drift_profile :

  Phillips

  config_drift:use_tabularised_stokes_drift :

  False

  config_drift:tabularised_stokes_drift_fetch :

  25000

  config_general:seafloor_action :

  lift_to_seafloor

  config_drift:truncate_ocean_model_below_m :

  None

  config_seed:seafloor :

  False

  opendrift_version :

  1.14.3

  seed_geojson :

  {"features": [], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

  simulation_time :

  2025-09-12 15:18:58.407468

  reader_x_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_sea_surface_height :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_x_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_upward_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_land_binary_mask :

  ['global_landmask']

  time_coverage_end :

  2025-09-13 15:18:53.053154

  time_coverage_duration :

  P1DT0H0M0S

  time_coverage_resolution :

  P0DT0H30M0S

  performance :

  -------------------- Reader performance: -------------------- global_landmask 0:00:01.5 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:01.5 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be 0:00:40.1 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:39.7 reading 0:00:00.8 interpolation 0:00:00.0 interpolation_time 0:00:00.4 rotating vectors 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- Performance: 51.6 total time 5.2 configuration 0.0 preparing main loop 0.0 moving elements to ocean 44.7 main loop 0.1 updating elements 1.5 cleaning up --------------------

  geospatial_bounds_crs :

  EPSG:4326

  geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs :

  EPSG:5831

  geospatial_lat_min :

  60.0

  geospatial_lat_max :

  60.5752

  geospatial_lat_units :

  degrees_north

  geospatial_lat_resolution :

  point

  geospatial_lon_min :

  4.5862927

  geospatial_lon_max :

  4.901066

  geospatial_lon_units :

  degrees_east

  geospatial_lon_resolution :

  point

  runtime :

  0:00:51.665127

  geospatial_vertical_min :

  -54.45351

  geospatial_vertical_max :

  0.0

  geospatial_vertical_positive :

  up

Plot results with lines and particles colored by depth

print(o)
o.plot(linecolor='z', buffer=.1, show_elements=False)
o.animation(color='z', buffer=.1)

===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
global_landmask
 0:00:01.5  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:01.5  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
 0:00:40.1  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:39.7  reading
 0:00:00.8  interpolation
 0:00:00.0  interpolation_time
 0:00:00.4  rotating vectors
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
Performance:
   51.6 total time
    5.2 configuration
    0.0 preparing main loop
      0.0 moving elements to ocean
   44.7 main loop
      0.1 updating elements
    1.5 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.3)
        2000 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_sea_water_velocity
  y_wind
     1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity

Discarded readers:

Time:
        Start: 2025-09-12 15:18:53.053154 UTC
        Present: 2025-09-13 15:18:53.053154 UTC
        Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
        Output steps: 49 * 0:30:00
===========================

15:20:45 INFO    opendrift:4612: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_depth_0.gif...
15:21:19 INFO    opendrift:3053: Time to make animation: 0:00:35.599888