Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
Drift at different depths
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift
o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20) # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information
14:11:34 INFO opendrift:569: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.3 / v1.14.3-25-gcd89af5)
Using live data from Thredds
o.add_readers_from_list([
'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be'])
Adding some diffusion
o.set_config('drift:horizontal_diffusivity', 10) # m2/s
Seed 1000 elements at random depths
z = -np.random.rand(2000)*50
o.seed_elements(lon=4.8, lat=60.0, z=z, radius=0, number=2000,
time=datetime.now())
print(o)
14:11:34 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:206: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
14:11:38 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:229: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
14:11:38 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: x_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:11:38 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:11:38 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_surface_height: 0.000000
14:11:38 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: x_wind: 0.000000
14:11:38 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: y_wind: 0.000000
14:11:38 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:11:38 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
14:11:38 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
14:11:38 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
14:11:38 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
14:11:38 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
14:11:38 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232: sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
===========================
Model: OceanDrift (OpenDrift version 1.14.3)
0 active Lagrangian3DArray particles (0 deactivated, 2000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_surface_height
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
upward_sea_water_velocity
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
Discarded readers:
===========================
Running model
o.run(duration=timedelta(hours=24), time_step=1800)
14:11:38 INFO opendrift:1779: Skipping environment variable ocean_vertical_diffusivity because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
14:11:38 INFO opendrift:1779: Skipping environment variable ocean_mixed_layer_thickness because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
14:11:38 INFO opendrift:1790: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:11:38 INFO opendrift:1790: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:11:38 INFO opendrift:1798: Storing previous values of environment variable sea_surface_height because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', True]
14:11:38 INFO opendrift:945: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
14:11:38 INFO opendrift:975: All points are in ocean
14:11:38 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 14:11:34.538743 - step 1 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:38 INFO opendrift.readers:63: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
14:11:41 INFO opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:332: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
14:11:41 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
14:11:41 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
14:11:41 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
14:11:41 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
14:11:44 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 14:41:34.538743 - step 2 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:44 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 15:11:34.538743 - step 3 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:45 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 15:41:34.538743 - step 4 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:45 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 16:11:34.538743 - step 5 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:46 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 16:41:34.538743 - step 6 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:46 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 17:11:34.538743 - step 7 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:48 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 17:41:34.538743 - step 8 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:48 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 18:11:34.538743 - step 9 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:49 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 18:41:34.538743 - step 10 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:49 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 19:11:34.538743 - step 11 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:50 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 19:41:34.538743 - step 12 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:50 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 20:11:34.538743 - step 13 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:51 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 20:41:34.538743 - step 14 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:51 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 21:11:34.538743 - step 15 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:52 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 21:41:34.538743 - step 16 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:52 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 22:11:34.538743 - step 17 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:54 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 22:41:34.538743 - step 18 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:54 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 23:11:34.538743 - step 19 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:55 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-03 23:41:34.538743 - step 20 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:55 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (11) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:11:55 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 00:11:34.538743 - step 21 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:56 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 00:41:34.538743 - step 22 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:56 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (11) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:11:56 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 01:11:34.538743 - step 23 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:58 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 01:41:34.538743 - step 24 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:11:58 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 02:11:34.538743 - step 25 of 48 - 2000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:12:03 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 02:41:34.538743 - step 26 of 48 - 1999 active elements (1 deactivated)
14:12:03 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 03:11:34.538743 - step 27 of 48 - 1997 active elements (3 deactivated)
14:12:05 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 03:41:34.538743 - step 28 of 48 - 1991 active elements (9 deactivated)
14:12:05 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 04:11:34.538743 - step 29 of 48 - 1984 active elements (16 deactivated)
14:12:06 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 04:41:34.538743 - step 30 of 48 - 1978 active elements (22 deactivated)
14:12:07 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 05:11:34.538743 - step 31 of 48 - 1970 active elements (30 deactivated)
14:12:08 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 05:41:34.538743 - step 32 of 48 - 1964 active elements (36 deactivated)
14:12:08 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 06:11:34.538743 - step 33 of 48 - 1953 active elements (47 deactivated)
14:12:09 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 06:41:34.538743 - step 34 of 48 - 1949 active elements (51 deactivated)
14:12:09 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 07:11:34.538743 - step 35 of 48 - 1945 active elements (55 deactivated)
14:12:11 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 07:41:34.538743 - step 36 of 48 - 1943 active elements (57 deactivated)
14:12:11 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 08:11:34.538743 - step 37 of 48 - 1936 active elements (64 deactivated)
14:12:13 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 08:41:34.538743 - step 38 of 48 - 1930 active elements (70 deactivated)
14:12:13 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 09:11:34.538743 - step 39 of 48 - 1924 active elements (76 deactivated)
14:12:15 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 09:41:34.538743 - step 40 of 48 - 1919 active elements (81 deactivated)
14:12:15 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 10:11:34.538743 - step 41 of 48 - 1904 active elements (96 deactivated)
14:12:16 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 10:41:34.538743 - step 42 of 48 - 1894 active elements (106 deactivated)
14:12:17 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 11:11:34.538743 - step 43 of 48 - 1886 active elements (114 deactivated)
14:12:18 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 11:41:34.538743 - step 44 of 48 - 1879 active elements (121 deactivated)
14:12:18 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 12:11:34.538743 - step 45 of 48 - 1871 active elements (129 deactivated)
14:12:20 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 12:41:34.538743 - step 46 of 48 - 1867 active elements (133 deactivated)
14:12:20 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 13:11:34.538743 - step 47 of 48 - 1865 active elements (135 deactivated)
14:12:21 INFO opendrift:2086: 2025-10-04 13:41:34.538743 - step 48 of 48 - 1859 active elements (141 deactivated)
Plot results with lines and particles colored by depth
print(o)
o.plot(linecolor='z', buffer=.1, show_elements=False)
o.animation(color='z', buffer=.1)
===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
global_landmask
0:00:01.6 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:01.6 reading
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
0:00:35.2 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:34.8 reading
0:00:01.1 interpolation
0:00:00.0 interpolation_time
0:00:00.4 rotating vectors
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
Performance:
47.2 total time
4.2 configuration
0.0 preparing main loop
0.0 moving elements to ocean
43.0 main loop
0.1 updating elements
0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model: OceanDrift (OpenDrift version 1.14.3)
1854 active Lagrangian3DArray particles (146 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_surface_height
upward_sea_water_velocity
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
Discarded readers:
Time:
Start: 2025-10-03 14:11:34.538743 UTC
Present: 2025-10-04 14:11:34.538743 UTC
Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
Output steps: 49 * 0:30:00
===========================
14:13:22 INFO opendrift:4613: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_depth_0.gif...
14:13:54 INFO opendrift:3054: Time to make animation: 0:00:33.199847
Total running time of the script: (2 minutes 28.989 seconds)