Note

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Oil film thickness

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.openoil import OpenOil


number = 10000
timestep = timedelta(minutes=10)
timestep_output = timedelta(minutes=60)
duration = timedelta(hours=20)
mass_oil = 2000  # mass oil per particle
oil_type = 'GENERIC DIESEL'
#oil_type = 'GENERIC BUNKER C'

First run, where surface oil thickness is updated

o1 = OpenOil(loglevel=20, weathering_model='noaa')

12:23:01 INFO    opendrift:568: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.9 / v1.14.9-47-gbdbbf88)

Northwards wind, eastwards current

o1.set_config('environment:fallback:land_binary_mask', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:x_wind', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:y_wind', 7)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity', .3)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity', .1)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity', 0)

Using Johansen droplet spectrum, which depends on oil film thickness

o1.set_config('wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution',
             'Johansen et al. (2015)')
o1.set_config('drift:wind_uncertainty', 2)
o1.set_config('drift:current_uncertainty', .1)
o1.set_config('processes:dispersion', False)
o1.set_config('processes:update_oilfilm_thickness', True)

o1.seed_elements(lon=4.5, lat=60, number=number,
                mass_oil=mass_oil, radius=1000,
                oil_type=oil_type,
                time=datetime.now())
o1.run(time_step=timestep, time_step_output=timestep_output,
       duration=duration)

12:23:01 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: GENERIC DIESEL
12:23:01 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1731: Using density 855.84763 and viscosity 8.644570579524577e-06 of oiltype GENERIC DIESEL
12:23:01 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.100000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_wind: 0.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_wind: 7.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.300000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    horizontal_diffusivity: 0.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift:1894: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift:1905: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift:1905: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift:947: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift:978: All points are in ocean
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:697: Oil-water surface tension is 0.030314 Nm
12:23:05 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:710: Max water fraction not available for GENERIC DIESEL, using default
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<xarray.Dataset> Size: 37MB
Dimensions:                                                                              (
                                                                                          trajectory: 10000,
                                                                                          time: 21)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                                                           (trajectory) int64 80kB ...
  * time                                                                                 (time) datetime64[ns] 168B ...
Data variables: (12/44)
    status                                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    moving                                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    age_seconds                                                                          (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    origin_marker                                                                        (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    lon                                                                                  (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    lat                                                                                  (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ...                                                                                   ...
    sea_water_salinity                                                                   (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level                                                      (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    horizontal_diffusivity                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ocean_vertical_diffusivity                                                           (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    land_binary_mask                                                                     (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness                                                          (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
Attributes: (12/167)
    Conventions:                                                             ...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                                ...
    featureType:                                                             ...
    title:                                                                   ...
    summary:                                                                 ...
    keywords:                                                                ...
    ...                                                                                                               ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                               ...
    runtime:                                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                            ...


Animation shows how oil thickness evolves, and decreases due to evaporation and spreading

unitfactor=1e6  # show film thickness in micrometers
o1.animation(color='oil_film_thickness', fast=True,
             vmin=1e-7*unitfactor, vmax=1e-4*unitfactor,
             unitfactor=unitfactor, surface_only=True)

12:23:27 WARNING opendrift:2565: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
12:23:28 INFO    opendrift:4768: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_oil_thickness_0.gif...
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift:3191: Time to make animation: 0:00:15.597876
../_images/example_oil_thickness_0.gif

Second run, identical but without updating surface oil thickness

o2 = OpenOil(loglevel=20, weathering_model='noaa')
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:land_binary_mask', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:x_wind', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:y_wind', 7)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity', .3)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity', .1)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity', 0)

o2.set_config('wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution',
             'Johansen et al. (2015)')
o2.set_config('drift:wind_uncertainty', 2)
o2.set_config('drift:current_uncertainty', .1)
o2.set_config('processes:dispersion', False)
o2.set_config('processes:update_oilfilm_thickness', False)

o2.seed_elements(lon=4.5, lat=60, number=number,
                mass_oil=mass_oil, radius=1000,
                oil_type=oil_type,
                time=datetime.now())
o2.run(time_step=timestep, time_step_output=timestep_output,
       duration=duration)

12:23:43 INFO    opendrift:568: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.9 / v1.14.9-47-gbdbbf88)
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: GENERIC DIESEL
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1731: Using density 855.84763 and viscosity 8.644570579524577e-06 of oiltype GENERIC DIESEL
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.100000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_wind: 0.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_wind: 7.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.300000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    horizontal_diffusivity: 0.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift:1894: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift:1905: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift:1905: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift:947: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift:978: All points are in ocean
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:697: Oil-water surface tension is 0.030314 Nm
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:710: Max water fraction not available for GENERIC DIESEL, using default
12:23:43 INFO    opendrift:2202: 2026-05-11 12:23:43.342208 - step 1 of 120 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
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<xarray.Dataset> Size: 37MB
Dimensions:                                                                              (
                                                                                          trajectory: 10000,
                                                                                          time: 21)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                                                           (trajectory) int64 80kB ...
  * time                                                                                 (time) datetime64[ns] 168B ...
Data variables: (12/44)
    status                                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    moving                                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    age_seconds                                                                          (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    origin_marker                                                                        (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    lon                                                                                  (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    lat                                                                                  (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ...                                                                                   ...
    sea_water_salinity                                                                   (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level                                                      (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    horizontal_diffusivity                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ocean_vertical_diffusivity                                                           (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    land_binary_mask                                                                     (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness                                                          (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
Attributes: (12/167)
    Conventions:                                                             ...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                                ...
    featureType:                                                             ...
    title:                                                                   ...
    summary:                                                                 ...
    keywords:                                                                ...
    ...                                                                                                               ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                               ...
    runtime:                                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                            ...


Comparison plots

o1.plot_oil_budget()
o2.plot_oil_budget()
  • GENERIC DIESEL (855.8 kg/m3) - 2026-05-11 12:23 to 2026-05-12 08:23
  • GENERIC DIESEL (855.8 kg/m3) - 2026-05-11 12:23 to 2026-05-12 08:23

Entrainment

b1 = o1.get_oil_budget()
b2 = o2.get_oil_budget()
plt.plot(b1['mass_surface'], '-r', linewidth=2,
            label='Surface, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b1['mass_submerged'], '--r', linewidth=2,
            label='Submerged, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b1['mass_evaporated'], '-.r', linewidth=2,
            label='Evaporated, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_surface'], '-b', linewidth=2,
            label='Surface, constant thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_submerged'], '--b', linewidth=2,
            label='Submerged, constant thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_evaporated'], '-.b', linewidth=2,
            label='Evaporated, constant thickness')
plt.legend()
plt.xlabel('Time step')
plt.show()
example oil thickness

We see that with the updated film thickness, the droplets are getting gradually smaller

plt.plot(1e6*o1.result.diameter.median(dim='trajectory'))
plt.plot(1e6*o2.result.diameter.median(dim='trajectory'))
plt.legend(['With updated film thickness', 'With constant film thickness'])
plt.xlabel('Time step')
plt.ylabel('Median droplet diameter  [micrometer]')
plt.show()
example oil thickness

We see that oil film thickness has virtually no impact on horizontal drift

o1.animation(compare=o2, fast=True,
             legend=['Updated film thickness',
                     'Constant/default film thickness'])

12:24:08 WARNING opendrift:2565: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
12:24:09 INFO    opendrift:4768: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_oil_thickness_1.gif...
12:24:27 INFO    opendrift:3191: Time to make animation: 0:00:19.177611
../_images/example_oil_thickness_1.gif

Total running time of the script: (1 minutes 33.259 seconds)

Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery