Note
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Oil film thickness
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.openoil import OpenOil
number = 10000
timestep = timedelta(minutes=10)
timestep_output = timedelta(minutes=60)
duration = timedelta(hours=20)
mass_oil = 2000 # mass oil per particle
oil_type = 'GENERIC DIESEL'
#oil_type = 'GENERIC BUNKER C'
First run, where surface oil thickness is updated
o1 = OpenOil(loglevel=20, weathering_model='noaa')
14:11:19 INFO opendrift:568: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.9 / v1.14.9-43-g22dbf7d)
Northwards wind, eastwards current
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:land_binary_mask', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:x_wind', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:y_wind', 7)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity', .3)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity', .1)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity', 0)
Using Johansen droplet spectrum, which depends on oil film thickness
o1.set_config('wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution',
'Johansen et al. (2015)')
o1.set_config('drift:wind_uncertainty', 2)
o1.set_config('drift:current_uncertainty', .1)
o1.set_config('processes:dispersion', False)
o1.set_config('processes:update_oilfilm_thickness', True)
o1.seed_elements(lon=4.5, lat=60, number=number,
mass_oil=mass_oil, radius=1000,
oil_type=oil_type,
time=datetime.now())
o1.run(time_step=timestep, time_step_output=timestep_output,
duration=duration)
14:11:19 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: GENERIC DIESEL
14:11:19 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1731: Using density 855.84763 and viscosity 8.644570579524623e-06 of oiltype GENERIC DIESEL
14:11:19 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: x_sea_water_velocity: 0.100000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: x_wind: 0.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: y_wind: 7.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_height: 0.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.300000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: horizontal_diffusivity: 0.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
14:11:24 INFO opendrift:1894: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
14:11:24 INFO opendrift:1905: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:11:24 INFO opendrift:1905: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:11:24 INFO opendrift:947: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
14:11:24 INFO opendrift:978: All points are in ocean
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:697: Oil-water surface tension is 0.030314 Nm
14:11:24 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:710: Max water fraction not available for GENERIC DIESEL, using default
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Animation shows how oil thickness evolves, and decreases due to evaporation and spreading
unitfactor=1e6 # show film thickness in micrometers
o1.animation(color='oil_film_thickness', fast=True,
vmin=1e-7*unitfactor, vmax=1e-4*unitfactor,
unitfactor=unitfactor, surface_only=True)
14:11:44 WARNING opendrift:2565: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
14:11:45 INFO opendrift:4768: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_oil_thickness_0.gif...
14:12:00 INFO opendrift:3191: Time to make animation: 0:00:15.431891
Second run, identical but without updating surface oil thickness
o2 = OpenOil(loglevel=20, weathering_model='noaa')
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:land_binary_mask', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:x_wind', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:y_wind', 7)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity', .3)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity', .1)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity', 0)
o2.set_config('wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution',
'Johansen et al. (2015)')
o2.set_config('drift:wind_uncertainty', 2)
o2.set_config('drift:current_uncertainty', .1)
o2.set_config('processes:dispersion', False)
o2.set_config('processes:update_oilfilm_thickness', False)
o2.seed_elements(lon=4.5, lat=60, number=number,
mass_oil=mass_oil, radius=1000,
oil_type=oil_type,
time=datetime.now())
o2.run(time_step=timestep, time_step_output=timestep_output,
duration=duration)
14:12:00 INFO opendrift:568: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.9 / v1.14.9-43-g22dbf7d)
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: GENERIC DIESEL
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1731: Using density 855.84763 and viscosity 8.644570579524623e-06 of oiltype GENERIC DIESEL
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: x_sea_water_velocity: 0.100000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: x_wind: 0.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: y_wind: 7.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_height: 0.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.300000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: horizontal_diffusivity: 0.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
14:12:00 INFO opendrift:1894: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
14:12:00 INFO opendrift:1905: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:12:00 INFO opendrift:1905: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:12:00 INFO opendrift:947: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
14:12:00 INFO opendrift:978: All points are in ocean
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:697: Oil-water surface tension is 0.030314 Nm
14:12:00 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:710: Max water fraction not available for GENERIC DIESEL, using default
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Comparison plots
o1.plot_oil_budget()
o2.plot_oil_budget()
Entrainment
b1 = o1.get_oil_budget()
b2 = o2.get_oil_budget()
plt.plot(b1['mass_surface'], '-r', linewidth=2,
label='Surface, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b1['mass_submerged'], '--r', linewidth=2,
label='Submerged, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b1['mass_evaporated'], '-.r', linewidth=2,
label='Evaporated, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_surface'], '-b', linewidth=2,
label='Surface, constant thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_submerged'], '--b', linewidth=2,
label='Submerged, constant thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_evaporated'], '-.b', linewidth=2,
label='Evaporated, constant thickness')
plt.legend()
plt.xlabel('Time step')
plt.show()
We see that with the updated film thickness, the droplets are getting gradually smaller
plt.plot(1e6*o1.result.diameter.median(dim='trajectory'))
plt.plot(1e6*o2.result.diameter.median(dim='trajectory'))
plt.legend(['With updated film thickness', 'With constant film thickness'])
plt.xlabel('Time step')
plt.ylabel('Median droplet diameter [micrometer]')
plt.show()
We see that oil film thickness has virtually no impact on horizontal drift
o1.animation(compare=o2, fast=True,
legend=['Updated film thickness',
'Constant/default film thickness'])
14:12:24 WARNING opendrift:2565: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
14:12:25 INFO opendrift:4768: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_oil_thickness_1.gif...
14:12:43 INFO opendrift:3191: Time to make animation: 0:00:18.360322
Total running time of the script: (1 minutes 29.362 seconds)