Note

Go to the end to download the full example code.

Oil film thickness

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.openoil import OpenOil


number = 10000
timestep = timedelta(minutes=10)
timestep_output = timedelta(minutes=60)
duration = timedelta(hours=20)
mass_oil = 2000  # mass oil per particle
oil_type = 'GENERIC DIESEL'
#oil_type = 'GENERIC BUNKER C'

First run, where surface oil thickness is updated

o1 = OpenOil(loglevel=20, weathering_model='noaa')

09:35:58 INFO    opendrift:569: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.11 / v1.14.12-26-g8782b63)

Northwards wind, eastwards current

o1.set_config('environment:fallback:land_binary_mask', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:x_wind', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:y_wind', 7)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity', .3)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity', .1)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity', 0)

Using Johansen droplet spectrum, which depends on oil film thickness

o1.set_config('wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution',
             'Johansen et al. (2015)')
o1.set_config('drift:wind_uncertainty', 2)
o1.set_config('drift:current_uncertainty', .1)
o1.set_config('processes:dispersion', False)
o1.set_config('processes:update_oilfilm_thickness', True)

o1.seed_elements(lon=4.5, lat=60, number=number,
                mass_oil=mass_oil, radius=1000,
                oil_type=oil_type,
                time=datetime.now())
o1.run(time_step=timestep, time_step_output=timestep_output,
       duration=duration)

09:35:58 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: GENERIC DIESEL
09:35:58 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1731: Using density 855.84763 and viscosity 8.644570579524577e-06 of oiltype GENERIC DIESEL
09:35:58 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.100000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_wind: 0.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_wind: 7.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.300000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    horizontal_diffusivity: 0.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift:1910: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift:1921: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift:1921: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift:958: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift:989: All points are in ocean
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:697: Oil-water surface tension is 0.030314 Nm
09:36:04 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:710: Max water fraction not available for GENERIC DIESEL, using default
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<xarray.Dataset> Size: 37MB
Dimensions:                                                                              (
                                                                                          trajectory: 10000,
                                                                                          time: 21)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                                                           (trajectory) int64 80kB ...
  * time                                                                                 (time) datetime64[ns] 168B ...
Data variables: (12/44)
    status                                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    moving                                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    age_seconds                                                                          (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    origin_marker                                                                        (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    lon                                                                                  (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    lat                                                                                  (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ...                                                                                   ...
    sea_water_salinity                                                                   (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level                                                      (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    horizontal_diffusivity                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ocean_vertical_diffusivity                                                           (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    land_binary_mask                                                                     (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness                                                          (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
Attributes: (12/167)
    Conventions:                                                             ...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                                ...
    featureType:                                                             ...
    title:                                                                   ...
    summary:                                                                 ...
    keywords:                                                                ...
    ...                                                                                                               ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                               ...
    runtime:                                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                            ...


Animation shows how oil thickness evolves, and decreases due to evaporation and spreading

unitfactor=1e6  # show film thickness in micrometers
o1.animation(color='oil_film_thickness', fast=True,
             vmin=1e-7*unitfactor, vmax=1e-4*unitfactor,
             unitfactor=unitfactor, surface_only=True)

09:36:25 WARNING opendrift:2613: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
09:36:26 INFO    opendrift:4823: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_oil_thickness_0.gif...
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift:3241: Time to make animation: 0:00:09.836518
../_images/example_oil_thickness_0.gif

Second run, identical but without updating surface oil thickness

o2 = OpenOil(loglevel=20, weathering_model='noaa')
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:land_binary_mask', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:x_wind', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:y_wind', 7)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity', .3)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity', .1)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity', 0)

o2.set_config('wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution',
             'Johansen et al. (2015)')
o2.set_config('drift:wind_uncertainty', 2)
o2.set_config('drift:current_uncertainty', .1)
o2.set_config('processes:dispersion', False)
o2.set_config('processes:update_oilfilm_thickness', False)

o2.seed_elements(lon=4.5, lat=60, number=number,
                mass_oil=mass_oil, radius=1000,
                oil_type=oil_type,
                time=datetime.now())
o2.run(time_step=timestep, time_step_output=timestep_output,
       duration=duration)

09:36:34 INFO    opendrift:569: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.11 / v1.14.12-26-g8782b63)
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: GENERIC DIESEL
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1731: Using density 855.84763 and viscosity 8.644570579524577e-06 of oiltype GENERIC DIESEL
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.100000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_wind: 0.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_wind: 7.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.300000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    horizontal_diffusivity: 0.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift:1910: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift:1921: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift:1921: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift:958: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift:989: All points are in ocean
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:697: Oil-water surface tension is 0.030314 Nm
09:36:34 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:710: Max water fraction not available for GENERIC DIESEL, using default
09:36:35 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-09-28 09:36:34.952666 - step 1 of 120 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:36:35 INFO    opendrift:2237: 2026-09-28 09:46:34.952666 - step 2 of 120 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
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<xarray.Dataset> Size: 37MB
Dimensions:                                                                              (
                                                                                          trajectory: 10000,
                                                                                          time: 21)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                                                           (trajectory) int64 80kB ...
  * time                                                                                 (time) datetime64[ns] 168B ...
Data variables: (12/44)
    status                                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    moving                                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    age_seconds                                                                          (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    origin_marker                                                                        (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    lon                                                                                  (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    lat                                                                                  (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ...                                                                                   ...
    sea_water_salinity                                                                   (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level                                                      (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    horizontal_diffusivity                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ocean_vertical_diffusivity                                                           (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    land_binary_mask                                                                     (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness                                                          (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
Attributes: (12/167)
    Conventions:                                                             ...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                                ...
    featureType:                                                             ...
    title:                                                                   ...
    summary:                                                                 ...
    keywords:                                                                ...
    ...                                                                                                               ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                               ...
    runtime:                                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                            ...


Comparison plots

o1.plot_oil_budget()
o2.plot_oil_budget()
  • GENERIC DIESEL (855.8 kg/m3) - 2026-09-28 09:35 to 2026-09-29 05:35
  • GENERIC DIESEL (855.8 kg/m3) - 2026-09-28 09:36 to 2026-09-29 05:36

Entrainment

b1 = o1.get_oil_budget()
b2 = o2.get_oil_budget()
plt.plot(b1['mass_surface'], '-r', linewidth=2,
            label='Surface, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b1['mass_submerged'], '--r', linewidth=2,
            label='Submerged, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b1['mass_evaporated'], '-.r', linewidth=2,
            label='Evaporated, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_surface'], '-b', linewidth=2,
            label='Surface, constant thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_submerged'], '--b', linewidth=2,
            label='Submerged, constant thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_evaporated'], '-.b', linewidth=2,
            label='Evaporated, constant thickness')
plt.legend()
plt.xlabel('Time step')
plt.show()
example oil thickness

We see that with the updated film thickness, the droplets are getting gradually smaller

plt.plot(1e6*o1.result.diameter.median(dim='trajectory'))
plt.plot(1e6*o2.result.diameter.median(dim='trajectory'))
plt.legend(['With updated film thickness', 'With constant film thickness'])
plt.xlabel('Time step')
plt.ylabel('Median droplet diameter  [micrometer]')
plt.show()
example oil thickness

We see that oil film thickness has virtually no impact on horizontal drift

o1.animation(compare=o2, fast=True,
             legend=['Updated film thickness',
                     'Constant/default film thickness'])

09:37:01 WARNING opendrift:2613: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
09:37:02 INFO    opendrift:4823: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_oil_thickness_1.gif...
09:37:12 INFO    opendrift:3241: Time to make animation: 0:00:10.820183
../_images/example_oil_thickness_1.gif

Total running time of the script: (1 minutes 23.163 seconds)

Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery