Note

Go to the end to download the full example code.

Oil film thickness

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.openoil import OpenOil


number = 10000
timestep = timedelta(minutes=10)
timestep_output = timedelta(minutes=60)
duration = timedelta(hours=20)
mass_oil = 2000  # mass oil per particle
oil_type = 'GENERIC DIESEL'
#oil_type = 'GENERIC BUNKER C'

First run, where surface oil thickness is updated

o1 = OpenOil(loglevel=20, weathering_model='noaa')

08:41:51 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel:510: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.12.0 / v1.12.0-59-g6dfb0d2)

Northwards wind, eastwards current

o1.set_config('environment:fallback:land_binary_mask', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:x_wind', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:y_wind', 7)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity', .3)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity', .1)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity', 0)

Using Johansen droplet spectrum, which depends on oil film thickness

o1.set_config('wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution',
             'Johansen et al. (2015)')
o1.set_config('drift:wind_uncertainty', 2)
o1.set_config('drift:current_uncertainty', .1)
o1.set_config('processes:dispersion', False)
o1.set_config('processes:update_oilfilm_thickness', True)

o1.seed_elements(lon=4.5, lat=60, number=number,
                mass_oil=mass_oil, radius=1000,
                oil_type=oil_type,
                time=datetime.utcnow())
o1.run(time_step=timestep, time_step_output=timestep_output,
       duration=duration)

08:41:51 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: GENERIC DIESEL
08:41:51 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1715: Using density 855.84763 and viscosity 8.644570579524653e-06 of oiltype GENERIC DIESEL
08:41:51 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:218: Adding a dynamical landmask with max. priority based on assumed maximum speed of 1.3 m/s. Adding a customised landmask may be faster...
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:245: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.100000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    x_wind: 0.000000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    y_wind: 7.000000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.300000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
08:41:54 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
08:41:55 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel:930: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask
08:41:55 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel:941: All points are in ocean
08:41:55 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:684: Oil-water surface tension is 0.030314 Nm
08:41:55 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:697: Max water fraction not available for GENERIC DIESEL, using default
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Animation shows how oil thickness evolves, and decreases due to evaporation and spreading

unitfactor=1e6  # show film thickness in micrometers
o1.animation(color='oil_film_thickness', fast=True,
             vmin=1e-7*unitfactor, vmax=1e-4*unitfactor,
             unitfactor=unitfactor, surface_only=True)

08:42:13 WARNING opendrift.models.basemodel:2405: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
08:42:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel:4606: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_oil_thickness_0.gif...
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel:3034: Time to make animation: 0:00:16.516954
../_images/example_oil_thickness_0.gif

Second run, identical but without updating surface oil thickness

o2 = OpenOil(loglevel=20, weathering_model='noaa')
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:land_binary_mask', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:x_wind', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:y_wind', 7)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity', .3)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity', .1)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity', 0)

o2.set_config('wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution',
             'Johansen et al. (2015)')
o2.set_config('drift:wind_uncertainty', 2)
o2.set_config('drift:current_uncertainty', .1)
o2.set_config('processes:dispersion', False)
o2.set_config('processes:update_oilfilm_thickness', False)

o2.seed_elements(lon=4.5, lat=60, number=number,
                mass_oil=mass_oil, radius=1000,
                oil_type=oil_type,
                time=datetime.utcnow())
o2.run(time_step=timestep, time_step_output=timestep_output,
       duration=duration)

08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel:510: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.12.0 / v1.12.0-59-g6dfb0d2)
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: GENERIC DIESEL
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1715: Using density 855.84763 and viscosity 8.644570579524653e-06 of oiltype GENERIC DIESEL
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:218: Adding a dynamical landmask with max. priority based on assumed maximum speed of 1.3 m/s. Adding a customised landmask may be faster...
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:245: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.100000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    x_wind: 0.000000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    y_wind: 7.000000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.300000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
08:42:29 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:248:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
08:42:30 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel:930: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask
08:42:30 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel:941: All points are in ocean
08:42:30 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:684: Oil-water surface tension is 0.030314 Nm
08:42:30 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:697: Max water fraction not available for GENERIC DIESEL, using default
08:42:30 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel:2030: 2025-01-23 08:42:29.948401 - step 1 of 120 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
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Comparison plots

o1.plot_oil_budget()
o2.plot_oil_budget()
  • GENERIC DIESEL (855.8 kg/m3) - 2025-01-23 08:41 to 2025-01-24 04:41
  • GENERIC DIESEL (855.8 kg/m3) - 2025-01-23 08:42 to 2025-01-24 04:42

Entrainment

b1 = o1.get_oil_budget()
b2 = o2.get_oil_budget()
plt.plot(b1['mass_surface'], '-r', linewidth=2,
            label='Surface, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b1['mass_submerged'], '--r', linewidth=2,
            label='Submerged, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b1['mass_evaporated'], '-.r', linewidth=2,
            label='Evaporated, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_surface'], '-b', linewidth=2,
            label='Surface, constant thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_submerged'], '--b', linewidth=2,
            label='Submerged, constant thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_evaporated'], '-.b', linewidth=2,
            label='Evaporated, constant thickness')
plt.legend()
plt.xlabel('Time step')
plt.show()
example oil thickness

We see that with the updated film thickness, the droplets are getting gradually smaller

r1 = o1.get_property('diameter')[0]
r2 = o2.get_property('diameter')[0]
plt.plot(np.median(r1*1e6, 1))
plt.plot(np.median(r2*1e6, 1))
plt.legend(['With updated film thickness', 'With constant film thickness'])
plt.xlabel('Time step')
plt.ylabel('Median droplet diameter  [micrometer]')
plt.show()
example oil thickness
/opt/conda/envs/opendrift/lib/python3.11/site-packages/numpy/core/fromnumeric.py:771: UserWarning: Warning: 'partition' will ignore the 'mask' of the MaskedArray.
  a.partition(kth, axis=axis, kind=kind, order=order)

We see that oil film thickness has virtually no impact on horizontal drift

o1.animation(compare=o2, fast=True,
             legend=['Updated film thickness',
                     'Constant/default film thickness'])

08:43:02 WARNING opendrift.models.basemodel:2405: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
/opt/conda/envs/opendrift/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cartopy/mpl/geoaxes.py:1692: UserWarning: No data for colormapping provided via 'c'. Parameters 'cmap' will be ignored
  result = super().scatter(*args, **kwargs)
08:43:03 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel:4606: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_oil_thickness_1.gif...
08:43:23 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel:3034: Time to make animation: 0:00:21.297798
../_images/example_oil_thickness_1.gif

Total running time of the script: (1 minutes 36.044 seconds)

Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery