Oil film thickness

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.openoil import OpenOil


number = 10000
timestep = timedelta(minutes=10)
timestep_output = timedelta(minutes=60)
duration = timedelta(hours=20)
mass_oil = 2000  # mass oil per particle
oil_type = 'GENERIC DIESEL'
#oil_type = 'GENERIC BUNKER C'

First run, where surface oil thickness is updated

o1 = OpenOil(loglevel=20, weathering_model='noaa')

14:09:40 INFO    opendrift:569: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.3 / v1.14.3-25-gcd89af5)

Northwards wind, eastwards current

o1.set_config('environment:fallback:land_binary_mask', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:x_wind', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:y_wind', 7)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity', .3)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity', .1)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity', 0)

Using Johansen droplet spectrum, which depends on oil film thickness

o1.set_config('wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution',
             'Johansen et al. (2015)')
o1.set_config('drift:wind_uncertainty', 2)
o1.set_config('drift:current_uncertainty', .1)
o1.set_config('processes:dispersion', False)
o1.set_config('processes:update_oilfilm_thickness', True)

o1.seed_elements(lon=4.5, lat=60, number=number,
                mass_oil=mass_oil, radius=1000,
                oil_type=oil_type,
                time=datetime.now())
o1.run(time_step=timestep, time_step_output=timestep_output,
       duration=duration)

14:09:40 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: GENERIC DIESEL
14:09:40 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1717: Using density 855.84763 and viscosity 8.644570579524623e-06 of oiltype GENERIC DIESEL
14:09:40 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:206: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:229: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.100000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    x_wind: 0.000000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    y_wind: 7.000000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.300000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift:1779: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift:1790: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift:1790: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift:945: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift:975: All points are in ocean
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:692: Oil-water surface tension is 0.030314 Nm
14:09:44 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:705: Max water fraction not available for GENERIC DIESEL, using default
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<xarray.Dataset> Size: 36MB
Dimensions:                                                                              (
                                                                                          trajectory: 10000,
                                                                                          time: 21)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                                                           (trajectory) int64 80kB ...
  * time                                                                                 (time) datetime64[ns] 168B ...
Data variables: (12/43)
    status                                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    moving                                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    age_seconds                                                                          (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    origin_marker                                                                        (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    lon                                                                                  (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    lat                                                                                  (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ...                                                                                   ...
    sea_water_temperature                                                                (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    sea_water_salinity                                                                   (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level                                                      (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ocean_vertical_diffusivity                                                           (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    land_binary_mask                                                                     (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness                                                          (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
Attributes: (12/165)
    Conventions:                                                             ...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                                ...
    featureType:                                                             ...
    title:                                                                   ...
    summary:                                                                 ...
    keywords:                                                                ...
    ...                                                                                                               ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                               ...
    runtime:                                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                            ...

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • trajectory: 10000
  • time: 21
• Coordinates: (2)
  • trajectory
    (trajectory)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 ... 9996 9997 9998 9999

    cf_role :

    trajectory_id

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    array([   0,    1,    2, ..., 9997, 9998, 9999], shape=(10000,))

  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2025-10-03T14:09:40.794657 ... 2...

    standard_name :

    time

    long_name :

    time

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float64'>

    array(['2025-10-03T14:09:40.794657000', '2025-10-03T15:09:40.794657000',
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           '2025-10-04T04:09:40.794657000', '2025-10-04T05:09:40.794657000',
           '2025-10-04T06:09:40.794657000', '2025-10-04T07:09:40.794657000',
           '2025-10-04T08:09:40.794657000', '2025-10-04T09:09:40.794657000',
           '2025-10-04T10:09:40.794657000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (43)
  • status
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    valid_range :

    [0 0]

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    active

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • moving
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    minval :

    1

    maxval :

    1

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • age_seconds
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 3.6e+03 ... 6.84e+04 7.2e+04

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    72000.0

    array([[    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           ...,
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • origin_marker
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    unit :

    description :

    An integer kept constant during the simulation. Different values may be used for different seedings, to separate elements during analysis. With GUI, only a single seeding is possible.

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    Seed_0

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • lon
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    4.532 4.537 4.547 ... 4.654 4.656

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    long_name :

    longitude

    axis :

    X

    minval :

    4.432955

    maxval :

    4.710486

    array([[4.531612 , 4.536627 , 4.5469623, ..., 4.6423893, 4.6479564,
            4.657262 ],
           [4.5071697, 4.510825 , 4.5194845, ..., 4.6269975, 4.6323085,
            4.640624 ],
           [4.5175486, 4.525353 , 4.5332227, ..., 4.630585 , 4.634677 ,
            4.6465697],
           ...,
           [4.5092626, 4.5118604, 4.5182805, ..., 4.630406 , 4.638339 ,
            4.643343 ],
           [4.49941  , 4.5083694, 4.5111794, ..., 4.6061444, 4.611902 ,
            4.622316 ],
           [4.5232615, 4.525131 , 4.5338516, ..., 4.6503654, 4.6537776,
            4.6563683]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    60.0 60.0 60.0 ... 59.99 59.99

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_north

    standard_name :

    latitude

    long_name :

    latitude

    axis :

    Y

    minval :

    59.960087

    maxval :

    60.340084

    array([[59.99818 , 59.999405, 60.000828, ..., 60.00251 , 60.004272,
            60.006367],
           [59.99252 , 59.993656, 59.994316, ..., 59.99886 , 59.99698 ,
            59.998257],
           [60.01556 , 60.018314, 60.01999 , ..., 60.024574, 60.025394,
            60.025375],
           ...,
           [59.999485, 59.998985, 59.99653 , ..., 59.994823, 59.994896,
            59.995743],
           [59.990494, 60.00442 , 60.02015 , ..., 60.0711  , 60.07074 ,
            60.073563],
           [59.997066, 59.99459 , 59.991547, ..., 59.98783 , 59.99053 ,
            59.991566]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 -19.66 -25.77 ... -36.6 -25.37

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    z

    long_name :

    vertical position

    axis :

    Z

    positive :

    up

    minval :

    -51.57254

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[  0.       , -19.66074  , -25.765951 , ...,  -8.192872 ,
            -24.70976  ,  -9.933959 ],
           [  0.       , -19.513084 , -17.777838 , ..., -42.546436 ,
            -20.624216 , -10.429312 ],
           [  0.       , -18.068924 , -15.957442 , ..., -40.44472  ,
            -26.663181 , -31.929235 ],
           ...,
           [  0.       , -27.136395 , -29.0345   , ...,  -4.445238 ,
            -20.603695 , -20.641747 ],
           [  0.       ,   0.       ,   0.       , ...,  -3.4672751,
             -7.3219047, -19.759869 ],
           [  0.       ,  -6.7027526,  -5.2079377, ..., -21.988272 ,
            -36.598076 , -25.372927 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • wind_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.03 0.03 0.03 ... 0.03 0.03 0.03

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    %

    description :

    Elements at the ocean surface are moved by this fraction of the wind vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    0.03

    maxval :

    0.03

    array([[0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           ...,
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • current_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements are moved with this fraction of the current vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • terminal_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 9.039e-06 ... 0.000126 0.000126

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m/s

    description :

    Terminal rise/sinking velocity (buoyancy) in the ocean column

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.032513384

    array([[0.0000000e+00, 9.0393914e-06, 9.0393914e-06, ..., 9.0393914e-06,
            9.0393914e-06, 9.0393914e-06],
           [0.0000000e+00, 6.7315455e-06, 6.7315455e-06, ..., 6.7315455e-06,
            6.7315455e-06, 6.7315455e-06],
           [0.0000000e+00, 9.2900089e-05, 9.2900089e-05, ..., 9.2900089e-05,
            9.2900089e-05, 9.2900089e-05],
           ...,
           [0.0000000e+00, 7.3280025e-05, 7.3280025e-05, ..., 7.3280025e-05,
            7.3280025e-05, 7.3280025e-05],
           [0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ..., 4.0596242e-05,
            4.0596242e-05, 4.0596242e-05],
           [0.0000000e+00, 1.2596189e-04, 1.2596189e-04, ..., 1.2596189e-04,
            1.2596189e-04, 1.2596189e-04]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • mass_oil
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.08558 0.03107 ... 0.03726 0.03726

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg

    minval :

    0.0015509551

    maxval :

    0.08558476

    array([[0.08558476, 0.03106606, 0.03106606, ..., 0.03106606, 0.03106606,
            0.03106606],
           [0.08558476, 0.03478309, 0.03478309, ..., 0.03478309, 0.03478309,
            0.03478309],
           [0.08558476, 0.0121961 , 0.0121961 , ..., 0.0121961 , 0.0121961 ,
            0.0121961 ],
           ...,
           [0.08558476, 0.03689652, 0.03689652, ..., 0.03689652, 0.03689652,
            0.03689652],
           [0.08558476, 0.00195508, 0.00193392, ..., 0.00186119, 0.00186119,
            0.00186119],
           [0.08558476, 0.03725992, 0.03725992, ..., 0.03725992, 0.03725992,
            0.03725992]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • viscosity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    8.645e-06 0.0001774 ... 0.0001271

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m2/s

    description :

    Kinematic viscosity of oil (emulsion)

    minval :

    8.644571e-06

    maxval :

    0.0008687213

    array([[8.6445707e-06, 1.7742103e-04, 1.7742103e-04, ..., 1.7742103e-04,
            1.7742103e-04, 1.7742103e-04],
           [8.6445707e-06, 1.4524997e-04, 1.4524997e-04, ..., 1.4524997e-04,
            1.4524997e-04, 1.4524997e-04],
           [8.6445707e-06, 4.8990053e-04, 4.8990053e-04, ..., 4.8990053e-04,
            4.8990053e-04, 4.8990053e-04],
           ...,
           [8.6445707e-06, 1.2963214e-04, 1.2963214e-04, ..., 1.2963214e-04,
            1.2963214e-04, 1.2963214e-04],
           [8.6445707e-06, 8.5007714e-04, 8.5098884e-04, ..., 8.5446850e-04,
            8.5446850e-04, 8.5446850e-04],
           [8.6445707e-06, 1.2712118e-04, 1.2712118e-04, ..., 1.2712118e-04,
            1.2712118e-04, 1.2712118e-04]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • density
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    855.8 856.1 856.1 ... 856.1 856.1

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg/m^3

    minval :

    855.84766

    maxval :

    856.107

    array([[855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           ...,
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • bulltime
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • interfacial_area
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m2

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • mass_dispersed
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • mass_evaporated
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.05452 ... 0.04832 0.04832

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0840338

    array([[0.        , 0.0545187 , 0.0545187 , ..., 0.0545187 , 0.0545187 ,
            0.0545187 ],
           [0.        , 0.05080167, 0.05080167, ..., 0.05080167, 0.05080167,
            0.05080167],
           [0.        , 0.07338866, 0.07338866, ..., 0.07338866, 0.07338866,
            0.07338866],
           ...,
           [0.        , 0.04868824, 0.04868824, ..., 0.04868824, 0.04868824,
            0.04868824],
           [0.        , 0.08362968, 0.08365084, ..., 0.08372357, 0.08372357,
            0.08372357],
           [0.        , 0.04832484, 0.04832484, ..., 0.04832484, 0.04832484,
            0.04832484]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • mass_biodegraded
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • biodegradation_half_time_droplet
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    Days

    description :

    Biodegradation half time in days for submerged oil droplets

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • biodegradation_half_time_slick
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 ... 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    Days

    description :

    Biodegradation half time in days for surface oil slick

    minval :

    3.0

    maxval :

    3.0

    array([[3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           ...,
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • fraction_evaporated
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.637 0.637 ... 0.5646 0.5646

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    %

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.9818443

    array([[0.        , 0.63701415, 0.63701415, ..., 0.63701415, 0.63701415,
            0.63701415],
           [0.        , 0.59358317, 0.59358317, ..., 0.59358317, 0.59358317,
            0.59358317],
           [0.        , 0.8574968 , 0.8574968 , ..., 0.8574968 , 0.8574968 ,
            0.8574968 ],
           ...,
           [0.        , 0.5688892 , 0.5688892 , ..., 0.5688892 , 0.5688892 ,
            0.5688892 ],
           [0.        , 0.9771347 , 0.9773674 , ..., 0.97825325, 0.97825325,
            0.97825325],
           [0.        , 0.5646431 , 0.5646431 , ..., 0.5646431 , 0.5646431 ,
            0.5646431 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • water_fraction
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    %

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • oil_film_thickness
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.001 2.821e-08 ... 1.128e-07

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    minval :

    1e-09

    maxval :

    0.001

    array([[1.0000000e-03, 2.8212007e-08, 2.8212007e-08, ..., 2.8212007e-08,
            2.8212007e-08, 2.8212007e-08],
           [1.0000000e-03, 7.0530014e-08, 7.0530014e-08, ..., 7.0530014e-08,
            7.0530014e-08, 7.0530014e-08],
           [1.0000000e-03, 6.2551653e-09, 6.2551653e-09, ..., 6.2551653e-09,
            6.2551653e-09, 6.2551653e-09],
           ...,
           [1.0000000e-03, 1.1284803e-07, 1.1284803e-07, ..., 1.1284803e-07,
            1.1284803e-07, 1.1284803e-07],
           [1.0000000e-03, 2.3670867e-09, 9.9999997e-10, ..., 9.9999997e-10,
            9.9999997e-10, 9.9999997e-10],
           [1.0000000e-03, 1.1284803e-07, 1.1284803e-07, ..., 1.1284803e-07,
            1.1284803e-07, 1.1284803e-07]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • diameter
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 1.352e-05 ... 5.048e-05

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0008110757

    array([[0.0000000e+00, 1.3523837e-05, 1.3523837e-05, ..., 1.3523837e-05,
            1.3523837e-05, 1.3523837e-05],
           [0.0000000e+00, 1.1670452e-05, 1.1670452e-05, ..., 1.1670452e-05,
            1.1670452e-05, 1.1670452e-05],
           [0.0000000e+00, 4.3354918e-05, 4.3354918e-05, ..., 4.3354918e-05,
            4.3354918e-05, 4.3354918e-05],
           ...,
           [0.0000000e+00, 3.8505532e-05, 3.8505532e-05, ..., 3.8505532e-05,
            3.8505532e-05, 3.8505532e-05],
           [0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ..., 2.8659804e-05,
            2.8659804e-05, 2.8659804e-05],
           [0.0000000e+00, 5.0483548e-05, 5.0483548e-05, ..., 5.0483548e-05,
            5.0483548e-05, 5.0483548e-05]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • x_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.133 0.2378 ... 0.07666 0.08306

    minval :

    -0.3659953

    maxval :

    0.5617187

    array([[ 0.13300459,  0.23776618,  0.15259959, ..., -0.00480303,
             0.24887449,  0.14558943],
           [ 0.099952  ,  0.1303296 ,  0.1457725 , ...,  0.1541377 ,
             0.26326454,  0.0570211 ],
           [ 0.18181159,  0.18698768,  0.02026267, ...,  0.17965578,
            -0.0483389 ,  0.1877589 ],
           ...,
           [-0.05112763,  0.0117777 ,  0.09566142, ...,  0.07708906,
             0.14356823,  0.10159156],
           [ 0.19768438,  0.10240172,  0.05124189, ..., -0.03022053,
             0.16503662,  0.16812064],
           [ 0.22555007, -0.0185494 ,  0.10654241, ..., -0.02641514,
             0.07665816,  0.08306064]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • y_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.03712 0.04155 ... 0.05935 0.1094

    minval :

    -0.4483128

    maxval :

    0.43791342

    array([[ 0.03712321,  0.04154652,  0.00670093, ...,  0.07222135,
             0.01398576,  0.09025509],
           [ 0.03047839, -0.12160453, -0.04487941, ..., -0.10957959,
             0.1234365 , -0.11719052],
           [ 0.05041246, -0.00194627,  0.05914337, ...,  0.16892411,
            -0.09445617,  0.03750406],
           ...,
           [ 0.16898575, -0.06159855,  0.05930119, ...,  0.10101655,
             0.03511404, -0.16746667],
           [ 0.01999665, -0.09803208, -0.18508828, ...,  0.08484112,
             0.10740669,  0.06615311],
           [-0.12243307, -0.15370177,  0.09470148, ...,  0.05183901,
             0.059349  ,  0.10943316]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • x_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -3.879 -0.5655 ... 2.82 1.708

    minval :

    -9.740631

    maxval :

    8.5281925

    array([[-3.8790007 , -0.5654909 ,  0.8708705 , ..., -1.5579882 ,
            -1.131146  , -0.5054896 ],
           [ 1.477701  ,  1.0084776 ,  1.3005418 , ..., -4.483862  ,
            -1.3608671 , -2.3727055 ],
           [ 2.789369  ,  1.3986456 , -3.320222  , ..., -1.8824904 ,
            -1.4474646 , -0.03530984],
           ...,
           [-0.50068355,  0.7228117 , -1.6212205 , ..., -1.200528  ,
            -0.33792338, -1.4183497 ],
           [ 1.169456  , -2.8131812 , -0.30072954, ..., -0.35611704,
            -5.3459163 , -0.58592486],
           [-2.501654  ,  0.6414963 , -0.15828797, ..., -3.9273157 ,
             2.8201597 ,  1.7082406 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • y_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    7.132 8.489 11.07 ... 8.929 9.052

    minval :

    -2.7042353

    maxval :

    15.553049

    array([[ 7.132082 ,  8.488659 , 11.068308 , ...,  7.1581855,  7.4157124,
             6.1413064],
           [10.399964 ,  7.643578 ,  5.805549 , ...,  7.368675 ,  6.9907475,
             7.575167 ],
           [ 3.761567 ,  9.247201 ,  7.1257734, ...,  4.4118   ,  5.5965757,
             6.0709176],
           ...,
           [ 8.791959 ,  7.7074037,  6.8221498, ...,  1.5393618,  6.45427  ,
             9.340931 ],
           [ 2.76626  ,  3.7755232,  6.454283 , ...,  7.4258833,  8.975032 ,
             6.8499107],
           [ 6.632097 ,  6.011687 ,  5.997659 , ...,  6.2567935,  8.929376 ,
             9.052063 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_significant_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.621 1.78 3.032 ... 2.157 2.088

    minval :

    0.001076974

    maxval :

    5.9590554

    array([[1.6214658 , 1.7804769 , 3.0323398 , ..., 1.3202069 , 1.3842981 ,
            0.9340906 ],
           [2.7144344 , 1.4622563 , 0.8707369 , ..., 1.8302988 , 1.2477736 ,
            1.5501171 ],
           [0.53947717, 2.1516864 , 1.5202926 , ..., 0.5659905 , 0.82205355,
            0.90668935],
           ...,
           [1.9077109 , 1.4741926 , 1.2095841 , ..., 0.09374819, 1.027586  ,
            2.1959116 ],
           [0.22188757, 0.5453467 , 1.0270059 , ..., 1.3596557 , 2.6845982 ,
            1.1627088 ],
           [1.2359773 , 0.8991766 , 0.8855256 , ..., 1.3424532 , 2.1571016 ,
            2.0875046 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 ... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

    minval :

    0.3

    maxval :

    0.3

    array([[0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           ...,
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    6.937 7.269 9.487 ... 8.001 7.871

    minval :

    0.17878544

    maxval :

    13.298979

    array([[6.937188 , 7.2693863, 9.4867735, ..., 6.2596574, 6.4097986,
            5.265312 ],
           [8.975719 , 6.5878143, 5.083619 , ..., 7.370392 , 6.085517 ,
            6.782844 ],
           [4.001438 , 7.991331 , 6.717276 , ..., 4.0985866, 4.939462 ,
            5.1875086],
           ...,
           [7.524642 , 6.614647 , 5.9916663, ..., 1.6680576, 5.522537 ,
            8.073038 ],
           [2.5662332, 4.023147 , 5.520979 , ..., 6.3524914, 8.926253 ,
            5.874421 ],
           [6.0566835, 5.1659727, 5.1266084, ..., 6.312177 , 8.001379 ,
            7.8712425]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_ice_area_fraction
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_ice_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_ice_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_water_temperature
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    10.0 10.0 10.0 ... 10.0 10.0 283.1

    minval :

    10.0

    maxval :

    283.15

    array([[ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           ...,
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_water_salinity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    34.0 34.0 34.0 ... 34.0 34.0 34.0

    minval :

    34.0

    maxval :

    34.0

    array([[34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           ...,
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1e+04 1e+04 1e+04 ... 1e+04 1e+04

    minval :

    10000.0

    maxval :

    10000.0

    array([[10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           ...,
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • ocean_vertical_diffusivity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02 0.02 0.02 ... 0.02 0.02 0.02

    minval :

    0.02

    maxval :

    0.02

    array([[0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           ...,
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • land_binary_mask
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    50.0 50.0 50.0 ... 50.0 50.0 50.0

    minval :

    50.0

    maxval :

    50.0

    array([[50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           ...,
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

• Indexes: (2)
  • trajectory
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([   0,    1,    2,    3,    4,    5,    6,    7,    8,    9,
           ...
           9990, 9991, 9992, 9993, 9994, 9995, 9996, 9997, 9998, 9999],
          dtype='int64', name='trajectory', length=10000))

  • time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2025-10-03 14:09:40.794657', '2025-10-03 15:09:40.794657',
                   '2025-10-03 16:09:40.794657', '2025-10-03 17:09:40.794657',
                   '2025-10-03 18:09:40.794657', '2025-10-03 19:09:40.794657',
                   '2025-10-03 20:09:40.794657', '2025-10-03 21:09:40.794657',
                   '2025-10-03 22:09:40.794657', '2025-10-03 23:09:40.794657',
                   '2025-10-04 00:09:40.794657', '2025-10-04 01:09:40.794657',
                   '2025-10-04 02:09:40.794657', '2025-10-04 03:09:40.794657',
                   '2025-10-04 04:09:40.794657', '2025-10-04 05:09:40.794657',
                   '2025-10-04 06:09:40.794657', '2025-10-04 07:09:40.794657',
                   '2025-10-04 08:09:40.794657', '2025-10-04 09:09:40.794657',
                   '2025-10-04 10:09:40.794657'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='time', freq='h'))

• Attributes: (165)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.11, ACDD-1.3

  standard_name_vocabulary :

  CF Standard Name Table v85

  featureType :

  trajectory

  title :

  OpenDrift trajectory simulation

  summary :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift framework

  keywords :

  trajectory, drift, lagrangian, simulation

  history :

  Created 2025-10-03 14:09:44.877223

  date_created :

  2025-10-03T14:09:44.877235

  source :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift

  model_url :

  https://github.com/OpenDrift/opendrift

  opendrift_class :

  OpenOil

  opendrift_module :

  opendrift.models.openoil.openoil

  readers :

  odict_keys(['global_landmask'])

  time_coverage_start :

  2025-10-03 14:09:40.794657

  time_step_calculation :

  0:10:00

  time_step_output :

  1:00:00

  config_environment:constant:x_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity :

  0.1

  config_environment:constant:y_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity :

  0.0

  config_environment:constant:x_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_wind :

  0.0

  config_environment:constant:y_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_wind :

  7.0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0.0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0.3

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_ice_area_fraction :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_ice_area_fraction :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_ice_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_ice_x_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_ice_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_ice_y_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_water_temperature :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_water_temperature :

  10

  config_environment:constant:sea_water_salinity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_water_salinity :

  34

  config_environment:constant:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  config_environment:constant:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0.02

  config_environment:constant:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:land_binary_mask :

  0.0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  config_general:use_auto_landmask :

  True

  config_drift:current_uncertainty :

  0.1

  config_drift:current_uncertainty_uniform :

  0

  config_drift:max_speed :

  1.3

  config_readers:max_number_of_fails :

  1

  config_general:simulation_name :

  config_general:coastline_action :

  stranding

  config_general:coastline_approximation_precision :

  0.001

  config_general:time_step_minutes :

  60

  config_general:time_step_output_minutes :

  None

  config_seed:ocean_only :

  True

  config_seed:number :

  1

  config_drift:max_age_seconds :

  None

  config_drift:advection_scheme :

  euler

  config_drift:horizontal_diffusivity :

  0

  config_drift:profiles_depth :

  50

  config_drift:wind_uncertainty :

  2.0

  config_drift:relative_wind :

  False

  config_drift:deactivate_north_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_south_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_east_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_west_of :

  None

  config_seed:origin_marker :

  0

  config_seed:z :

  0

  config_seed:wind_drift_factor :

  0.03

  config_seed:current_drift_factor :

  1

  config_seed:terminal_velocity :

  0.0

  config_seed:oil_film_thickness :

  0.001

  config_drift:vertical_advection :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_at_surface :

  False

  config_drift:water_column_stretching :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_correction :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing :

  True

  config_drift:vertical_mixing_at_surface :

  False

  config_vertical_mixing:timestep :

  60

  config_vertical_mixing:diffusivitymodel :

  environment

  config_vertical_mixing:background_diffusivity :

  1.2e-05

  config_vertical_mixing:TSprofiles :

  False

  config_drift:wind_drift_depth :

  0.1

  config_drift:stokes_drift :

  True

  config_drift:stokes_drift_profile :

  Phillips

  config_drift:use_tabularised_stokes_drift :

  False

  config_drift:tabularised_stokes_drift_fetch :

  25000

  config_general:seafloor_action :

  lift_to_seafloor

  config_drift:truncate_ocean_model_below_m :

  None

  config_seed:seafloor :

  False

  config_seed:m3_per_hour :

  1

  config_seed:droplet_size_distribution :

  uniform

  config_seed:droplet_diameter_mu :

  0.001

  config_seed:droplet_diameter_sigma :

  0.0005

  config_seed:droplet_diameter_min_subsea :

  0.0005

  config_seed:droplet_diameter_max_subsea :

  0.005

  config_processes:dispersion :

  False

  config_processes:evaporation :

  True

  config_processes:emulsification :

  True

  config_processes:biodegradation :

  False

  config_biodegradation:method :

  Adcroft

  config_processes:update_oilfilm_thickness :

  True

  config_wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution :

  Johansen et al. (2015)

  config_wave_entrainment:entrainment_rate :

  Li et al. (2017)

  config_seed:oil_type :

  GENERIC DIESEL

  opendrift_version :

  1.14.3

  seed_lon :

  4.5

  seed_lat :

  60.0

  seed_radius :

  1000.0

  seed_time :

  2025-10-03 14:09:40.794657

  seed_number :

  10000.0

  seed_z :

  0.0

  seed_m3_per_hour :

  1.0

  seed_oiltype :

  GENERIC DIESEL

  seed_geojson :

  {"features": [], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

  simulation_time :

  2025-10-03 14:09:44.889403

  reader_x_sea_water_velocity :

  0.1

  reader_y_sea_water_velocity :

  0.0

  reader_x_wind :

  0.0

  reader_y_wind :

  7.0

  reader_sea_surface_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0.0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0.3

  reader_sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment :

  0

  reader_sea_ice_area_fraction :

  0

  reader_sea_ice_x_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_ice_y_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_water_temperature :

  10

  reader_sea_water_salinity :

  34

  reader_sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  reader_ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0.02

  reader_land_binary_mask :

  ['global_landmask']

  reader_ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  time_coverage_end :

  2025-10-04 10:09:40.794657

  time_coverage_duration :

  P0DT20H0M0S

  time_coverage_resolution :

  P0DT0H10M0S

  performance :

  -------------------- Reader performance: -------------------- global_landmask 0:00:00.1 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.1 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- Performance: 21.7 total time 4.1 configuration 0.0 preparing main loop 0.0 moving elements to ocean 17.5 main loop 13.9 updating elements 1.1 oil weathering 0.0 updating viscosities 0.0 updating densities 1.0 evaporation 0.0 emulsification 9.6 vertical mixing 0.0 cleaning up --------------------

  geospatial_bounds_crs :

  EPSG:4326

  geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs :

  EPSG:5831

  geospatial_lat_min :

  59.960087

  geospatial_lat_max :

  60.340084

  geospatial_lat_units :

  degrees_north

  geospatial_lat_resolution :

  point

  geospatial_lon_min :

  4.432955

  geospatial_lon_max :

  4.710486

  geospatial_lon_units :

  degrees_east

  geospatial_lon_resolution :

  point

  runtime :

  0:00:21.765843

  geospatial_vertical_min :

  -51.57254

  geospatial_vertical_max :

  0.0

  geospatial_vertical_positive :

  up

Animation shows how oil thickness evolves, and decreases due to evaporation and spreading

unitfactor=1e6  # show film thickness in micrometers
o1.animation(color='oil_film_thickness', fast=True,
             vmin=1e-7*unitfactor, vmax=1e-4*unitfactor,
             unitfactor=unitfactor, surface_only=True)

14:10:02 WARNING opendrift:2445: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
14:10:03 INFO    opendrift:4613: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_oil_thickness_0.gif...
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift:3054: Time to make animation: 0:00:16.713003

Second run, identical but without updating surface oil thickness

o2 = OpenOil(loglevel=20, weathering_model='noaa')
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:land_binary_mask', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:x_wind', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:y_wind', 7)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity', .3)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity', .1)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity', 0)

o2.set_config('wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution',
             'Johansen et al. (2015)')
o2.set_config('drift:wind_uncertainty', 2)
o2.set_config('drift:current_uncertainty', .1)
o2.set_config('processes:dispersion', False)
o2.set_config('processes:update_oilfilm_thickness', False)

o2.seed_elements(lon=4.5, lat=60, number=number,
                mass_oil=mass_oil, radius=1000,
                oil_type=oil_type,
                time=datetime.now())
o2.run(time_step=timestep, time_step_output=timestep_output,
       duration=duration)

14:10:19 INFO    opendrift:569: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.3 / v1.14.3-25-gcd89af5)
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: GENERIC DIESEL
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1717: Using density 855.84763 and viscosity 8.644570579524623e-06 of oiltype GENERIC DIESEL
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:206: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:229: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.100000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    x_wind: 0.000000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    y_wind: 7.000000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.300000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift:1779: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift:1790: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift:1790: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift:945: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift:975: All points are in ocean
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:692: Oil-water surface tension is 0.030314 Nm
14:10:19 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:705: Max water fraction not available for GENERIC DIESEL, using default
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<xarray.Dataset> Size: 36MB
Dimensions:                                                                              (
                                                                                          trajectory: 10000,
                                                                                          time: 21)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                                                           (trajectory) int64 80kB ...
  * time                                                                                 (time) datetime64[ns] 168B ...
Data variables: (12/43)
    status                                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    moving                                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    age_seconds                                                                          (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    origin_marker                                                                        (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    lon                                                                                  (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    lat                                                                                  (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ...                                                                                   ...
    sea_water_temperature                                                                (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    sea_water_salinity                                                                   (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level                                                      (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ocean_vertical_diffusivity                                                           (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    land_binary_mask                                                                     (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness                                                          (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
Attributes: (12/165)
    Conventions:                                                             ...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                                ...
    featureType:                                                             ...
    title:                                                                   ...
    summary:                                                                 ...
    keywords:                                                                ...
    ...                                                                                                               ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                               ...
    runtime:                                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                            ...

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • trajectory: 10000
  • time: 21
• Coordinates: (2)
  • trajectory
    (trajectory)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 ... 9996 9997 9998 9999

    cf_role :

    trajectory_id

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    array([   0,    1,    2, ..., 9997, 9998, 9999], shape=(10000,))

  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2025-10-03T14:10:19.380000 ... 2...

    standard_name :

    time

    long_name :

    time

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float64'>

    array(['2025-10-03T14:10:19.380000000', '2025-10-03T15:10:19.380000000',
           '2025-10-03T16:10:19.380000000', '2025-10-03T17:10:19.380000000',
           '2025-10-03T18:10:19.380000000', '2025-10-03T19:10:19.380000000',
           '2025-10-03T20:10:19.380000000', '2025-10-03T21:10:19.380000000',
           '2025-10-03T22:10:19.380000000', '2025-10-03T23:10:19.380000000',
           '2025-10-04T00:10:19.380000000', '2025-10-04T01:10:19.380000000',
           '2025-10-04T02:10:19.380000000', '2025-10-04T03:10:19.380000000',
           '2025-10-04T04:10:19.380000000', '2025-10-04T05:10:19.380000000',
           '2025-10-04T06:10:19.380000000', '2025-10-04T07:10:19.380000000',
           '2025-10-04T08:10:19.380000000', '2025-10-04T09:10:19.380000000',
           '2025-10-04T10:10:19.380000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (43)
  • status
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    valid_range :

    [0 0]

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    active

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • moving
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    minval :

    1

    maxval :

    1

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • age_seconds
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 3.6e+03 ... 6.84e+04 7.2e+04

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    72000.0

    array([[    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           ...,
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • origin_marker
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    unit :

    description :

    An integer kept constant during the simulation. Different values may be used for different seedings, to separate elements during analysis. With GUI, only a single seeding is possible.

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    Seed_0

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • lon
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    4.532 4.537 4.54 ... 4.642 4.65

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    long_name :

    longitude

    axis :

    X

    minval :

    4.432955

    maxval :

    4.709321

    array([[4.531612 , 4.537352 , 4.539914 , ..., 4.6434674, 4.6464763,
            4.6481876],
           [4.5071697, 4.5180387, 4.5228467, ..., 4.630036 , 4.6378784,
            4.647085 ],
           [4.5175486, 4.526757 , 4.535276 , ..., 4.644943 , 4.6503263,
            4.6573567],
           ...,
           [4.5092626, 4.512693 , 4.5234995, ..., 4.632957 , 4.643177 ,
            4.651751 ],
           [4.49941  , 4.511838 , 4.519956 , ..., 4.629346 , 4.6359   ,
            4.6417727],
           [4.5232615, 4.53105  , 4.5374274, ..., 4.6347995, 4.6420236,
            4.649647 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    60.0 60.0 60.0 ... 60.13 60.13

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_north

    standard_name :

    latitude

    long_name :

    latitude

    axis :

    Y

    minval :

    59.960087

    maxval :

    60.255764

    array([[59.99818 , 60.000927, 59.99989 , ..., 60.132126, 60.132393,
            60.1354  ],
           [59.99252 , 60.005608, 60.012577, ..., 60.15625 , 60.156124,
            60.15664 ],
           [60.01556 , 60.027977, 60.038403, ..., 60.13555 , 60.14493 ,
            60.154312],
           ...,
           [59.999485, 60.00089 , 59.999565, ..., 60.092934, 60.093124,
            60.092945],
           [59.990494, 60.001514, 60.015507, ..., 60.068794, 60.075413,
            60.090397],
           [59.997066, 60.010757, 60.023514, ..., 60.125034, 60.127056,
            60.12699 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 -9.173 -35.85 ... -14.75 -25.84

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    z

    long_name :

    vertical position

    axis :

    Z

    positive :

    up

    minval :

    -49.73203

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[ 0.0000000e+00, -9.1731148e+00, -3.5847752e+01, ...,
             0.0000000e+00, -1.8551062e+01, -2.1105228e+01],
           [ 0.0000000e+00, -2.0266380e-02, -1.0343016e+01, ...,
            -7.8249245e+00, -7.8762692e-01, -2.5628738e+01],
           [ 0.0000000e+00, -1.2063006e+00,  0.0000000e+00, ...,
            -1.8193417e+00,  0.0000000e+00, -4.6070824e+00],
           ...,
           [ 0.0000000e+00, -2.3306413e+00, -2.8309870e-01, ...,
            -9.0878286e+00, -2.1248552e+01, -1.7890371e+01],
           [ 0.0000000e+00,  0.0000000e+00,  0.0000000e+00, ...,
            -3.6230118e+00, -6.5423869e-02,  0.0000000e+00],
           [ 0.0000000e+00,  0.0000000e+00,  0.0000000e+00, ...,
            -6.1103272e+00, -1.4750813e+01, -2.5836369e+01]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • wind_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.03 0.03 0.03 ... 0.03 0.03 0.03

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    %

    description :

    Elements at the ocean surface are moved by this fraction of the wind vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    0.03

    maxval :

    0.03

    array([[0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           ...,
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • current_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements are moved with this fraction of the current vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • terminal_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.005509 ... 0.0002781

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m/s

    description :

    Terminal rise/sinking velocity (buoyancy) in the ocean column

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.114044115

    array([[0.        , 0.00550892, 0.00550892, ..., 0.00724083, 0.0028033 ,
            0.0028033 ],
           [0.        , 0.01217475, 0.00623108, ..., 0.00026206, 0.00026206,
            0.00026206],
           [0.        , 0.01137897, 0.00815701, ..., 0.06083217, 0.02859741,
            0.00078139],
           ...,
           [0.        , 0.00385074, 0.00385074, ..., 0.00070501, 0.00070501,
            0.00070501],
           [0.        , 0.01612884, 0.07762894, ..., 0.00309801, 0.09002952,
            0.07096656],
           [0.        , 0.01833626, 0.10559402, ..., 0.0002781 , 0.0002781 ,
            0.0002781 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • mass_oil
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.08558 0.08284 ... 0.07772 0.07772

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg

    minval :

    0.075712115

    maxval :

    0.08558476

    array([[0.08558476, 0.08284374, 0.08284374, ..., 0.07757792, 0.0775326 ,
            0.0775326 ],
           [0.08558476, 0.08075238, 0.0801396 , ..., 0.07697706, 0.07697706,
            0.07697706],
           [0.08558476, 0.08091557, 0.08015376, ..., 0.07795492, 0.077801  ,
            0.07760432],
           ...,
           [0.08558476, 0.08395541, 0.08395541, ..., 0.07822268, 0.07822268,
            0.07822268],
           [0.08558476, 0.08155048, 0.07990205, ..., 0.07858021, 0.07848337,
            0.07831471],
           [0.08558476, 0.08115368, 0.07982758, ..., 0.07771683, 0.07771683,
            0.07771683]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • viscosity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    8.645e-06 1.093e-05 ... 1.44e-05

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m2/s

    description :

    Kinematic viscosity of oil (emulsion)

    minval :

    8.644571e-06

    maxval :

    1.6045818e-05

    array([[8.64457070e-06, 1.09308421e-05, 1.09308421e-05, ...,
            1.44846954e-05, 1.45480972e-05, 1.45480972e-05],
           [8.64457070e-06, 1.18852859e-05, 1.26434416e-05, ...,
            1.49896869e-05, 1.49896869e-05, 1.49896869e-05],
           [8.64457070e-06, 1.17362406e-05, 1.26338100e-05, ...,
            1.41800974e-05, 1.43394409e-05, 1.44920468e-05],
           ...,
           [8.64457070e-06, 1.02959684e-05, 1.02959684e-05, ...,
            1.40176417e-05, 1.40176417e-05, 1.40176417e-05],
           [8.64457070e-06, 1.13710248e-05, 1.27052435e-05, ...,
            1.37504712e-05, 1.37793104e-05, 1.39096410e-05],
           [8.64457070e-06, 1.17114778e-05, 1.27517333e-05, ...,
            1.43577681e-05, 1.44045543e-05, 1.44045543e-05]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • density
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    855.8 856.1 856.1 ... 856.1 856.1

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg/m^3

    minval :

    855.84766

    maxval :

    856.107

    array([[855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           ...,
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • bulltime
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • interfacial_area
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m2

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • mass_dispersed
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • mass_evaporated
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.002741 ... 0.007868 0.007868

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.009872644

    array([[0.        , 0.00274102, 0.00274102, ..., 0.00800684, 0.00805215,
            0.00805215],
           [0.        , 0.00483238, 0.00544516, ..., 0.0086077 , 0.0086077 ,
            0.0086077 ],
           [0.        , 0.00466919, 0.005431  , ..., 0.00762985, 0.00778376,
            0.00798044],
           ...,
           [0.        , 0.00162935, 0.00162935, ..., 0.00736207, 0.00736207,
            0.00736207],
           [0.        , 0.00403428, 0.00568271, ..., 0.00700455, 0.00710139,
            0.00727006],
           [0.        , 0.00443108, 0.00575718, ..., 0.00786793, 0.00786793,
            0.00786793]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • mass_biodegraded
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • biodegradation_half_time_droplet
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    Days

    description :

    Biodegradation half time in days for submerged oil droplets

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • biodegradation_half_time_slick
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 ... 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    Days

    description :

    Biodegradation half time in days for surface oil slick

    minval :

    3.0

    maxval :

    3.0

    array([[3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           ...,
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • fraction_evaporated
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.03203 ... 0.09193 0.09193

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    %

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.115355164

    array([[0.        , 0.03202702, 0.03202702, ..., 0.09313583, 0.09408396,
            0.09408396],
           [0.        , 0.05019937, 0.06362302, ..., 0.10057511, 0.10057511,
            0.10057511],
           [0.        , 0.04745989, 0.06345759, ..., 0.0885222 , 0.09094794,
            0.09324598],
           ...,
           [0.        , 0.01903786, 0.01903786, ..., 0.08602084, 0.08602084,
            0.08602084],
           [0.        , 0.04059733, 0.06468153, ..., 0.08184347, 0.08229828,
            0.08434185],
           [0.        , 0.04700139, 0.06547439, ..., 0.09122522, 0.09193144,
            0.09193144]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • water_fraction
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    %

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • oil_film_thickness
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.001 0.001 0.001 ... 0.001 0.001

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    minval :

    0.001

    maxval :

    0.001

    array([[0.001, 0.001, 0.001, ..., 0.001, 0.001, 0.001],
           [0.001, 0.001, 0.001, ..., 0.001, 0.001, 0.001],
           [0.001, 0.001, 0.001, ..., 0.001, 0.001, 0.001],
           ...,
           [0.001, 0.001, 0.001, ..., 0.001, 0.001, 0.001],
           [0.001, 0.001, 0.001, ..., 0.001, 0.001, 0.001],
           [0.001, 0.001, 0.001, ..., 0.001, 0.001, 0.001]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • diameter
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0003339 ... 7.501e-05

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.002999952

    array([[0.0000000e+00, 3.3385935e-04, 3.3385935e-04, ..., 3.8275809e-04,
            2.3815816e-04, 2.3815816e-04],
           [0.0000000e+00, 4.9631833e-04, 3.5506830e-04, ..., 7.2817122e-05,
            7.2817122e-05, 7.2817122e-05],
           [0.0000000e+00, 4.7982382e-04, 4.0625228e-04, ..., 1.1094225e-03,
            7.6066545e-04, 1.2573753e-04],
           ...,
           [0.0000000e+00, 2.7912753e-04, 2.7912753e-04, ..., 1.1943363e-04,
            1.1943363e-04, 1.1943363e-04],
           [0.0000000e+00, 5.7125743e-04, 1.3900032e-03, ..., 2.5036410e-04,
            1.8695558e-03, 1.1982770e-03],
           [0.0000000e+00, 6.0909585e-04, 2.5718594e-03, ..., 7.5012395e-05,
            7.5012395e-05, 7.5012395e-05]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • x_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.133 0.07671 ... 0.2385 0.1154

    minval :

    -0.37094274

    maxval :

    0.52807224

    array([[ 0.13300459,  0.07670881, -0.08338592, ...,  0.06762663,
             0.05916259,  0.04987989],
           [ 0.099952  ,  0.18722244,  0.00589089, ...,  0.27318022,
             0.25423014,  0.15299256],
           [ 0.18181159,  0.23314142,  0.14301968, ..., -0.05783259,
             0.16790035, -0.01260095],
           ...,
           [-0.05112763,  0.29338747,  0.00790586, ...,  0.0587606 ,
             0.08146663,  0.24431227],
           [ 0.19768438,  0.12057014,  0.10713363, ...,  0.06637648,
             0.03195836,  0.12176263],
           [ 0.22555007, -0.02302074,  0.32818124, ...,  0.03710121,
             0.23847461,  0.11541602]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • y_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.03712 0.08752 ... 0.02245 -0.1899

    minval :

    -0.44610247

    maxval :

    0.41829863

    array([[ 0.03712321,  0.08751649,  0.09274806, ...,  0.16524737,
             0.34268525, -0.01494703],
           [ 0.03047839,  0.1554055 , -0.11560926, ..., -0.0208718 ,
             0.13338378,  0.05348855],
           [ 0.05041246,  0.07729675,  0.34383857, ..., -0.19449888,
             0.06584165, -0.01318353],
           ...,
           [ 0.16898575,  0.00054988, -0.05268344, ...,  0.01162531,
             0.16533636, -0.05178962],
           [ 0.01999665,  0.01046857, -0.01429245, ...,  0.12599204,
            -0.03370197, -0.09232935],
           [-0.12243307,  0.11640672, -0.00692549, ..., -0.00941098,
             0.02245446, -0.18993583]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • x_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -3.879 0.3057 ... -0.68 1.393

    minval :

    -8.488924

    maxval :

    9.25233

    array([[-3.8790007 ,  0.30570537, -0.03876244, ..., -1.594559  ,
            -0.17220567, -0.3899393 ],
           [ 1.477701  ,  0.99996537, -1.0941733 , ..., -1.8701831 ,
             0.6077342 , -0.40786925],
           [ 2.789369  , -1.5316404 , -0.27156237, ..., -1.4039251 ,
            -0.90451914, -4.117077  ],
           ...,
           [-0.50068355,  1.7462596 ,  0.41237706, ...,  0.49118003,
            -0.28304896,  1.8382716 ],
           [ 1.169456  , -0.6115907 ,  0.1284596 , ...,  3.2777061 ,
            -1.4073865 , -0.28063932],
           [-2.501654  ,  1.9787424 ,  0.698331  , ...,  2.6701431 ,
            -0.68004996,  1.3930603 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • y_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    7.132 9.654 10.77 ... 8.071 7.418

    minval :

    -2.7042353

    maxval :

    16.190321

    array([[ 7.132082 ,  9.654027 , 10.771456 , ...,  6.2520804,  5.9679837,
             8.133085 ],
           [10.399964 ,  7.025055 ,  6.9605947, ..., 10.498859 ,  5.4895105,
             9.351232 ],
           [ 3.761567 ,  7.0536017,  5.268363 , ...,  6.672853 ,  7.992964 ,
             7.518233 ],
           ...,
           [ 8.791959 ,  5.2348313,  6.4015784, ...,  8.263368 ,  5.501417 ,
             9.801169 ],
           [ 2.76626  ,  7.124676 ,  6.4914827, ...,  9.665731 ,  7.3008337,
             7.432912 ],
           [ 6.632097 ,  7.96724  ,  8.144088 , ...,  7.0364256,  8.071277 ,
             7.4181004]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_significant_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.621 2.295 2.854 ... 1.614 1.401

    minval :

    0.00025068107

    maxval :

    6.4872694

    array([[1.6214658 , 2.2950249 , 2.8542335 , ..., 1.0241256 , 0.8769035 ,
            1.6309588 ],
           [2.7144344 , 1.2386427 , 1.2213186 , ..., 2.7976012 , 0.75040007,
            2.1552527 ],
           [0.53947717, 1.2816405 , 0.68460304, ..., 1.1438501 , 1.5917584 ,
            1.8074642 ],
           ...,
           [1.9077109 , 0.7491409 , 1.0122964 , ..., 1.6857024 , 0.74650437,
            2.446277  ],
           [0.22188757, 1.2579223 , 1.0370339 , ..., 2.562575  , 1.3599596 ,
            1.3610426 ],
           [1.2359773 , 1.6578516 , 1.6436199 , ..., 1.3933673 , 1.6139562 ,
            1.4014332 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 ... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

    minval :

    0.3

    maxval :

    0.3

    array([[0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           ...,
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    6.937 8.253 9.204 ... 6.921 6.449

    minval :

    0.086256206

    maxval :

    13.87588

    array([[6.937188 , 8.253217 , 9.203952 , ..., 5.5132313, 5.1015887,
            6.9574656],
           [8.975719 , 6.0632095, 6.0206594, ..., 9.112185 , 4.7192826,
            7.99795  ],
           [4.001438 , 6.1675506, 4.507638 , ..., 5.826586 , 6.8733454,
            7.3242717],
           ...,
           [7.524642 , 4.715322 , 5.4812984, ..., 7.0732665, 4.707017 ,
            8.52084  ],
           [2.5662332, 6.110215 , 5.5478673, ..., 8.721033 , 6.3532004,
            6.3557305],
           [6.0566835, 7.014591 , 6.9844193, ..., 6.4307613, 6.921106 ,
            6.449348 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_ice_area_fraction
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_ice_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_ice_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_water_temperature
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    10.0 10.0 10.0 ... 10.0 10.0 283.1

    minval :

    10.0

    maxval :

    283.15

    array([[ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           ...,
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_water_salinity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    34.0 34.0 34.0 ... 34.0 34.0 34.0

    minval :

    34.0

    maxval :

    34.0

    array([[34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           ...,
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1e+04 1e+04 1e+04 ... 1e+04 1e+04

    minval :

    10000.0

    maxval :

    10000.0

    array([[10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           ...,
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • ocean_vertical_diffusivity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02 0.02 0.02 ... 0.02 0.02 0.02

    minval :

    0.02

    maxval :

    0.02

    array([[0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           ...,
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • land_binary_mask
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    50.0 50.0 50.0 ... 50.0 50.0 50.0

    minval :

    50.0

    maxval :

    50.0

    array([[50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           ...,
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

• Indexes: (2)
  • trajectory
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([   0,    1,    2,    3,    4,    5,    6,    7,    8,    9,
           ...
           9990, 9991, 9992, 9993, 9994, 9995, 9996, 9997, 9998, 9999],
          dtype='int64', name='trajectory', length=10000))

  • time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2025-10-03 14:10:19.380000', '2025-10-03 15:10:19.380000',
                   '2025-10-03 16:10:19.380000', '2025-10-03 17:10:19.380000',
                   '2025-10-03 18:10:19.380000', '2025-10-03 19:10:19.380000',
                   '2025-10-03 20:10:19.380000', '2025-10-03 21:10:19.380000',
                   '2025-10-03 22:10:19.380000', '2025-10-03 23:10:19.380000',
                   '2025-10-04 00:10:19.380000', '2025-10-04 01:10:19.380000',
                   '2025-10-04 02:10:19.380000', '2025-10-04 03:10:19.380000',
                   '2025-10-04 04:10:19.380000', '2025-10-04 05:10:19.380000',
                   '2025-10-04 06:10:19.380000', '2025-10-04 07:10:19.380000',
                   '2025-10-04 08:10:19.380000', '2025-10-04 09:10:19.380000',
                   '2025-10-04 10:10:19.380000'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='time', freq='h'))

• Attributes: (165)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.11, ACDD-1.3

  standard_name_vocabulary :

  CF Standard Name Table v85

  featureType :

  trajectory

  title :

  OpenDrift trajectory simulation

  summary :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift framework

  keywords :

  trajectory, drift, lagrangian, simulation

  history :

  Created 2025-10-03 14:10:19.409971

  date_created :

  2025-10-03T14:10:19.409979

  source :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift

  model_url :

  https://github.com/OpenDrift/opendrift

  opendrift_class :

  OpenOil

  opendrift_module :

  opendrift.models.openoil.openoil

  readers :

  odict_keys(['global_landmask'])

  time_coverage_start :

  2025-10-03 14:10:19.380000

  time_step_calculation :

  0:10:00

  time_step_output :

  1:00:00

  config_environment:constant:x_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity :

  0.1

  config_environment:constant:y_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity :

  0.0

  config_environment:constant:x_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_wind :

  0.0

  config_environment:constant:y_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_wind :

  7.0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0.0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0.3

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_ice_area_fraction :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_ice_area_fraction :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_ice_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_ice_x_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_ice_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_ice_y_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_water_temperature :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_water_temperature :

  10

  config_environment:constant:sea_water_salinity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_water_salinity :

  34

  config_environment:constant:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  config_environment:constant:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0.02

  config_environment:constant:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:land_binary_mask :

  0.0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  config_general:use_auto_landmask :

  True

  config_drift:current_uncertainty :

  0.1

  config_drift:current_uncertainty_uniform :

  0

  config_drift:max_speed :

  1.3

  config_readers:max_number_of_fails :

  1

  config_general:simulation_name :

  config_general:coastline_action :

  stranding

  config_general:coastline_approximation_precision :

  0.001

  config_general:time_step_minutes :

  60

  config_general:time_step_output_minutes :

  None

  config_seed:ocean_only :

  True

  config_seed:number :

  1

  config_drift:max_age_seconds :

  None

  config_drift:advection_scheme :

  euler

  config_drift:horizontal_diffusivity :

  0

  config_drift:profiles_depth :

  50

  config_drift:wind_uncertainty :

  2.0

  config_drift:relative_wind :

  False

  config_drift:deactivate_north_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_south_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_east_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_west_of :

  None

  config_seed:origin_marker :

  0

  config_seed:z :

  0

  config_seed:wind_drift_factor :

  0.03

  config_seed:current_drift_factor :

  1

  config_seed:terminal_velocity :

  0.0

  config_seed:oil_film_thickness :

  0.001

  config_drift:vertical_advection :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_at_surface :

  False

  config_drift:water_column_stretching :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_correction :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing :

  True

  config_drift:vertical_mixing_at_surface :

  False

  config_vertical_mixing:timestep :

  60

  config_vertical_mixing:diffusivitymodel :

  environment

  config_vertical_mixing:background_diffusivity :

  1.2e-05

  config_vertical_mixing:TSprofiles :

  False

  config_drift:wind_drift_depth :

  0.1

  config_drift:stokes_drift :

  True

  config_drift:stokes_drift_profile :

  Phillips

  config_drift:use_tabularised_stokes_drift :

  False

  config_drift:tabularised_stokes_drift_fetch :

  25000

  config_general:seafloor_action :

  lift_to_seafloor

  config_drift:truncate_ocean_model_below_m :

  None

  config_seed:seafloor :

  False

  config_seed:m3_per_hour :

  1

  config_seed:droplet_size_distribution :

  uniform

  config_seed:droplet_diameter_mu :

  0.001

  config_seed:droplet_diameter_sigma :

  0.0005

  config_seed:droplet_diameter_min_subsea :

  0.0005

  config_seed:droplet_diameter_max_subsea :

  0.005

  config_processes:dispersion :

  False

  config_processes:evaporation :

  True

  config_processes:emulsification :

  True

  config_processes:biodegradation :

  False

  config_biodegradation:method :

  Adcroft

  config_processes:update_oilfilm_thickness :

  False

  config_wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution :

  Johansen et al. (2015)

  config_wave_entrainment:entrainment_rate :

  Li et al. (2017)

  config_seed:oil_type :

  GENERIC DIESEL

  opendrift_version :

  1.14.3

  seed_lon :

  4.5

  seed_lat :

  60.0

  seed_radius :

  1000.0

  seed_time :

  2025-10-03 14:10:19.380000

  seed_number :

  10000.0

  seed_z :

  0.0

  seed_m3_per_hour :

  1.0

  seed_oiltype :

  GENERIC DIESEL

  seed_geojson :

  {"features": [], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

  simulation_time :

  2025-10-03 14:10:19.417176

  reader_x_sea_water_velocity :

  0.1

  reader_y_sea_water_velocity :

  0.0

  reader_x_wind :

  0.0

  reader_y_wind :

  7.0

  reader_sea_surface_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0.0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0.3

  reader_sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment :

  0

  reader_sea_ice_area_fraction :

  0

  reader_sea_ice_x_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_ice_y_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_water_temperature :

  10

  reader_sea_water_salinity :

  34

  reader_sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  reader_ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0.02

  reader_land_binary_mask :

  ['global_landmask']

  reader_ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  time_coverage_end :

  2025-10-04 10:10:19.380000

  time_coverage_duration :

  P0DT20H0M0S

  time_coverage_resolution :

  P0DT0H10M0S

  performance :

  -------------------- Reader performance: -------------------- global_landmask 0:00:00.1 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.1 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- Performance: 21.3 total time 0.0 configuration 0.0 preparing main loop 0.0 moving elements to ocean 21.2 main loop 17.4 updating elements 5.3 oil weathering 0.0 updating viscosities 0.0 updating densities 5.2 evaporation 0.0 emulsification 9.6 vertical mixing 0.0 cleaning up --------------------

  geospatial_bounds_crs :

  EPSG:4326

  geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs :

  EPSG:5831

  geospatial_lat_min :

  59.960087

  geospatial_lat_max :

  60.255764

  geospatial_lat_units :

  degrees_north

  geospatial_lat_resolution :

  point

  geospatial_lon_min :

  4.432955

  geospatial_lon_max :

  4.709321

  geospatial_lon_units :

  degrees_east

  geospatial_lon_resolution :

  point

  runtime :

  0:00:21.352789

  geospatial_vertical_min :

  -49.73203

  geospatial_vertical_max :

  0.0

  geospatial_vertical_positive :

  up

Comparison plots

o1.plot_oil_budget()
o2.plot_oil_budget()

• 
• 

Entrainment

b1 = o1.get_oil_budget()
b2 = o2.get_oil_budget()
plt.plot(b1['mass_surface'], '-r', linewidth=2,
            label='Surface, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b1['mass_submerged'], '--r', linewidth=2,
            label='Submerged, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b1['mass_evaporated'], '-.r', linewidth=2,
            label='Evaporated, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_surface'], '-b', linewidth=2,
            label='Surface, constant thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_submerged'], '--b', linewidth=2,
            label='Submerged, constant thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_evaporated'], '-.b', linewidth=2,
            label='Evaporated, constant thickness')
plt.legend()
plt.xlabel('Time step')
plt.show()

We see that with the updated film thickness, the droplets are getting gradually smaller

plt.plot(1e6*o1.result.diameter.median(dim='trajectory'))
plt.plot(1e6*o2.result.diameter.median(dim='trajectory'))
plt.legend(['With updated film thickness', 'With constant film thickness'])
plt.xlabel('Time step')
plt.ylabel('Median droplet diameter  [micrometer]')
plt.show()

We see that oil film thickness has virtually no impact on horizontal drift

o1.animation(compare=o2, fast=True,
             legend=['Updated film thickness',
                     'Constant/default film thickness'])

14:10:42 WARNING opendrift:2445: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
14:10:43 INFO    opendrift:4613: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_oil_thickness_1.gif...
14:11:01 INFO    opendrift:3054: Time to make animation: 0:00:18.967968