Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
Oil film thickness
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.openoil import OpenOil
number = 10000
timestep = timedelta(minutes=10)
timestep_output = timedelta(minutes=60)
duration = timedelta(hours=20)
mass_oil = 2000 # mass oil per particle
oil_type = 'GENERIC DIESEL'
#oil_type = 'GENERIC BUNKER C'
First run, where surface oil thickness is updated
o1 = OpenOil(loglevel=20, weathering_model='noaa')
09:17:36 INFO opendrift:576: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.7 / v1.14.7-2-g52ef046)
Northwards wind, eastwards current
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:land_binary_mask', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:x_wind', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:y_wind', 7)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity', .3)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity', .1)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity', 0)
Using Johansen droplet spectrum, which depends on oil film thickness
o1.set_config('wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution',
'Johansen et al. (2015)')
o1.set_config('drift:wind_uncertainty', 2)
o1.set_config('drift:current_uncertainty', .1)
o1.set_config('processes:dispersion', False)
o1.set_config('processes:update_oilfilm_thickness', True)
o1.seed_elements(lon=4.5, lat=60, number=number,
mass_oil=mass_oil, radius=1000,
oil_type=oil_type,
time=datetime.now())
o1.run(time_step=timestep, time_step_output=timestep_output,
duration=duration)
09:17:36 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: GENERIC DIESEL
09:17:36 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1717: Using density 855.84763 and viscosity 8.644570579524623e-06 of oiltype GENERIC DIESEL
09:17:36 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: x_sea_water_velocity: 0.100000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: x_wind: 0.000000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: y_wind: 7.000000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_height: 0.000000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.300000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
09:17:40 INFO opendrift:1803: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
09:17:40 INFO opendrift:1814: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
09:17:40 INFO opendrift:1814: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
09:17:40 INFO opendrift:952: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
09:17:40 INFO opendrift:982: All points are in ocean
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:692: Oil-water surface tension is 0.030314 Nm
09:17:40 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:705: Max water fraction not available for GENERIC DIESEL, using default
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Animation shows how oil thickness evolves, and decreases due to evaporation and spreading
unitfactor=1e6 # show film thickness in micrometers
o1.animation(color='oil_film_thickness', fast=True,
vmin=1e-7*unitfactor, vmax=1e-4*unitfactor,
unitfactor=unitfactor, surface_only=True)
09:18:10 WARNING opendrift:2473: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
09:18:11 INFO opendrift:4656: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_oil_thickness_0.gif...
09:18:25 INFO opendrift:3091: Time to make animation: 0:00:15.086410
Second run, identical but without updating surface oil thickness
o2 = OpenOil(loglevel=20, weathering_model='noaa')
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:land_binary_mask', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:x_wind', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:y_wind', 7)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity', .3)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity', .1)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity', 0)
o2.set_config('wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution',
'Johansen et al. (2015)')
o2.set_config('drift:wind_uncertainty', 2)
o2.set_config('drift:current_uncertainty', .1)
o2.set_config('processes:dispersion', False)
o2.set_config('processes:update_oilfilm_thickness', False)
o2.seed_elements(lon=4.5, lat=60, number=number,
mass_oil=mass_oil, radius=1000,
oil_type=oil_type,
time=datetime.now())
o2.run(time_step=timestep, time_step_output=timestep_output,
duration=duration)
09:18:25 INFO opendrift:576: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.7 / v1.14.7-2-g52ef046)
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: GENERIC DIESEL
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1717: Using density 855.84763 and viscosity 8.644570579524623e-06 of oiltype GENERIC DIESEL
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: x_sea_water_velocity: 0.100000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: x_wind: 0.000000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: y_wind: 7.000000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_height: 0.000000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.300000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
09:18:25 INFO opendrift:1803: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
09:18:25 INFO opendrift:1814: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
09:18:25 INFO opendrift:1814: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
09:18:25 INFO opendrift:952: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
09:18:25 INFO opendrift:982: All points are in ocean
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:692: Oil-water surface tension is 0.030314 Nm
09:18:25 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:705: Max water fraction not available for GENERIC DIESEL, using default
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Comparison plots
o1.plot_oil_budget()
o2.plot_oil_budget()
Entrainment
b1 = o1.get_oil_budget()
b2 = o2.get_oil_budget()
plt.plot(b1['mass_surface'], '-r', linewidth=2,
label='Surface, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b1['mass_submerged'], '--r', linewidth=2,
label='Submerged, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b1['mass_evaporated'], '-.r', linewidth=2,
label='Evaporated, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_surface'], '-b', linewidth=2,
label='Surface, constant thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_submerged'], '--b', linewidth=2,
label='Submerged, constant thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_evaporated'], '-.b', linewidth=2,
label='Evaporated, constant thickness')
plt.legend()
plt.xlabel('Time step')
plt.show()
We see that with the updated film thickness, the droplets are getting gradually smaller
plt.plot(1e6*o1.result.diameter.median(dim='trajectory'))
plt.plot(1e6*o2.result.diameter.median(dim='trajectory'))
plt.legend(['With updated film thickness', 'With constant film thickness'])
plt.xlabel('Time step')
plt.ylabel('Median droplet diameter [micrometer]')
plt.show()
We see that oil film thickness has virtually no impact on horizontal drift
o1.animation(compare=o2, fast=True,
legend=['Updated film thickness',
'Constant/default film thickness'])
09:18:51 WARNING opendrift:2473: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
09:18:52 INFO opendrift:4656: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_oil_thickness_1.gif...
09:19:11 INFO opendrift:3091: Time to make animation: 0:00:19.952244
Total running time of the script: (1 minutes 43.998 seconds)