Oil film thickness

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.openoil import OpenOil


number = 10000
timestep = timedelta(minutes=10)
timestep_output = timedelta(minutes=60)
duration = timedelta(hours=20)
mass_oil = 2000  # mass oil per particle
oil_type = 'GENERIC DIESEL'
#oil_type = 'GENERIC BUNKER C'

First run, where surface oil thickness is updated

o1 = OpenOil(loglevel=20, weathering_model='noaa')

12:29:10 INFO    opendrift:568: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.9 / v1.14.9-49-gf94e1e5)

Northwards wind, eastwards current

o1.set_config('environment:fallback:land_binary_mask', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:x_wind', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:y_wind', 7)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity', 0)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity', .3)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity', .1)
o1.set_config('environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity', 0)

Using Johansen droplet spectrum, which depends on oil film thickness

o1.set_config('wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution',
             'Johansen et al. (2015)')
o1.set_config('drift:wind_uncertainty', 2)
o1.set_config('drift:current_uncertainty', .1)
o1.set_config('processes:dispersion', False)
o1.set_config('processes:update_oilfilm_thickness', True)

o1.seed_elements(lon=4.5, lat=60, number=number,
                mass_oil=mass_oil, radius=1000,
                oil_type=oil_type,
                time=datetime.now())
o1.run(time_step=timestep, time_step_output=timestep_output,
       duration=duration)

12:29:10 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: GENERIC DIESEL
12:29:10 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1731: Using density 855.84763 and viscosity 8.644570579524577e-06 of oiltype GENERIC DIESEL
12:29:10 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.100000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_wind: 0.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_wind: 7.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.300000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    horizontal_diffusivity: 0.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift:1894: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift:1905: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift:1905: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift:947: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift:978: All points are in ocean
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:697: Oil-water surface tension is 0.030314 Nm
12:29:15 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:710: Max water fraction not available for GENERIC DIESEL, using default
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<xarray.Dataset> Size: 37MB
Dimensions:                                                                              (
                                                                                          trajectory: 10000,
                                                                                          time: 21)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                                                           (trajectory) int64 80kB ...
  * time                                                                                 (time) datetime64[ns] 168B ...
Data variables: (12/44)
    status                                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    moving                                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    age_seconds                                                                          (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    origin_marker                                                                        (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    lon                                                                                  (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    lat                                                                                  (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ...                                                                                   ...
    sea_water_salinity                                                                   (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level                                                      (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    horizontal_diffusivity                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ocean_vertical_diffusivity                                                           (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    land_binary_mask                                                                     (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness                                                          (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
Attributes: (12/167)
    Conventions:                                                             ...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                                ...
    featureType:                                                             ...
    title:                                                                   ...
    summary:                                                                 ...
    keywords:                                                                ...
    ...                                                                                                               ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                               ...
    runtime:                                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                            ...

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • trajectory: 10000
  • time: 21
• Coordinates: (2)
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    (trajectory)
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    cf_role :

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  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2026-05-11T12:29:10.826977 ... 2...

    standard_name :

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    long_name :

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           '2026-05-11T16:29:10.826977000', '2026-05-11T17:29:10.826977000',
           '2026-05-11T18:29:10.826977000', '2026-05-11T19:29:10.826977000',
           '2026-05-11T20:29:10.826977000', '2026-05-11T21:29:10.826977000',
           '2026-05-11T22:29:10.826977000', '2026-05-11T23:29:10.826977000',
           '2026-05-12T00:29:10.826977000', '2026-05-12T01:29:10.826977000',
           '2026-05-12T02:29:10.826977000', '2026-05-12T03:29:10.826977000',
           '2026-05-12T04:29:10.826977000', '2026-05-12T05:29:10.826977000',
           '2026-05-12T06:29:10.826977000', '2026-05-12T07:29:10.826977000',
           '2026-05-12T08:29:10.826977000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (44)
  • status
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    valid_range :

    [0 0]

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    active

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • moving
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    minval :

    1

    maxval :

    1

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • age_seconds
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 3.6e+03 ... 6.84e+04 7.2e+04

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    72000.0

    array([[    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           ...,
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • origin_marker
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    unit :

    description :

    An integer kept constant during the simulation. Different values may be used for different seedings, to separate elements during analysis. With GUI, only a single seeding is possible.

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    Seed_0

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • lon
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    4.532 4.542 4.548 ... 4.639 4.644

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    long_name :

    longitude

    axis :

    X

    minval :

    4.432955

    maxval :

    4.7129045

    array([[4.531612 , 4.5419044, 4.547831 , ..., 4.6419015, 4.6525826,
            4.65999  ],
           [4.5071697, 4.513389 , 4.520568 , ..., 4.6309276, 4.6408544,
            4.645999 ],
           [4.5175486, 4.526467 , 4.533135 , ..., 4.653757 , 4.6572056,
            4.668967 ],
           ...,
           [4.5092626, 4.5149193, 4.5231633, ..., 4.6205273, 4.627854 ,
            4.641475 ],
           [4.49941  , 4.504604 , 4.511378 , ..., 4.6129327, 4.616871 ,
            4.6219645],
           [4.5232615, 4.533944 , 4.53658  , ..., 4.636981 , 4.6390505,
            4.6444   ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    60.0 60.0 60.0 ... 60.06 60.06

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_north

    standard_name :

    latitude

    long_name :

    latitude

    axis :

    Y

    minval :

    59.960087

    maxval :

    60.33959

    array([[59.99818 , 59.998367, 59.99816 , ..., 60.01068 , 60.010838,
            60.013084],
           [59.99252 , 59.995647, 59.997135, ..., 59.99728 , 59.997192,
            59.998245],
           [60.01556 , 60.02382 , 60.024315, ..., 60.02305 , 60.022255,
            60.022766],
           ...,
           [59.999485, 60.00042 , 60.004333, ..., 59.996128, 59.998257,
            59.99863 ],
           [59.990494, 59.993755, 59.99447 , ..., 59.995533, 59.992157,
            59.991703],
           [59.997066, 59.995724, 59.998447, ..., 60.060234, 60.05872 ,
            60.059803]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 -1.721 ... -3.598 -0.3462

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    z

    long_name :

    vertical position

    axis :

    Z

    positive :

    up

    minval :

    -51.23148

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[  0.        ,  -1.7210535 , -25.323229  , ...,  -5.0737047 ,
             -8.977543  ,  -4.2905083 ],
           [  0.        ,  -4.2354174 , -40.95914   , ..., -21.151964  ,
            -14.644553  , -16.31798   ],
           [  0.        ,  -4.17911   ,  -6.2086415 , ..., -35.485077  ,
            -41.088863  , -40.04006   ],
           ...,
           [  0.        , -24.273443  , -21.64557   , ..., -22.37949   ,
            -19.836807  , -17.589596  ],
           [  0.        ,  -3.6229556 ,  -3.937899  , ..., -45.425777  ,
            -27.587698  , -20.416224  ],
           [  0.        , -13.382101  , -36.305668  , ...,  -4.908568  ,
             -3.5978549 ,  -0.34617245]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • wind_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.03 0.03 0.03 ... 0.03 0.03 0.03

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    %

    description :

    Elements at the ocean surface are moved by this fraction of the wind vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    0.03

    maxval :

    0.03

    array([[0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           ...,
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • current_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements are moved with this fraction of the current vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • terminal_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 1.216e-05 ... 2.167e-05

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m/s

    description :

    Terminal rise/sinking velocity (buoyancy) in the ocean column

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.020509137

    array([[0.0000000e+00, 1.2161686e-05, 1.2161686e-05, ..., 1.2161686e-05,
            1.2161686e-05, 1.2161686e-05],
           [0.0000000e+00, 9.0566864e-06, 9.0566864e-06, ..., 9.0566864e-06,
            9.0566864e-06, 9.0566864e-06],
           [0.0000000e+00, 4.7345453e-05, 4.7345453e-05, ..., 4.7345453e-05,
            4.7345453e-05, 4.7345453e-05],
           ...,
           [0.0000000e+00, 9.8591663e-05, 9.8591663e-05, ..., 9.8591663e-05,
            9.8591663e-05, 9.8591663e-05],
           [0.0000000e+00, 2.7455117e-05, 2.7455117e-05, ..., 2.7455117e-05,
            2.7455117e-05, 2.7455117e-05],
           [0.0000000e+00, 1.6947034e-04, 1.6947034e-04, ..., 2.1670081e-05,
            2.1670081e-05, 2.1670081e-05]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • mass_oil
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.08558 0.03107 ... 0.00188 0.00188

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg

    minval :

    0.0015594187

    maxval :

    0.08558476

    array([[0.08558476, 0.03106606, 0.03106606, ..., 0.03106606, 0.03106606,
            0.03106606],
           [0.08558476, 0.03478309, 0.03478309, ..., 0.03478309, 0.03478309,
            0.03478309],
           [0.08558476, 0.00195842, 0.00195842, ..., 0.00195842, 0.00195842,
            0.00195842],
           ...,
           [0.08558476, 0.03689652, 0.03689652, ..., 0.03689652, 0.03689652,
            0.03689652],
           [0.08558476, 0.02227962, 0.02227962, ..., 0.02227962, 0.02227962,
            0.02227962],
           [0.08558476, 0.03725992, 0.03725992, ..., 0.00188038, 0.00188038,
            0.00188038]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • viscosity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    8.645e-06 0.0001774 ... 0.0008536

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m2/s

    description :

    Kinematic viscosity of oil (emulsion)

    minval :

    8.644571e-06

    maxval :

    0.0008682918

    array([[8.6445707e-06, 1.7742103e-04, 1.7742103e-04, ..., 1.7742103e-04,
            1.7742103e-04, 1.7742103e-04],
           [8.6445707e-06, 1.4524997e-04, 1.4524997e-04, ..., 1.4524997e-04,
            1.4524997e-04, 1.4524997e-04],
           [8.6445707e-06, 8.5000833e-04, 8.5000833e-04, ..., 8.5000833e-04,
            8.5000833e-04, 8.5000833e-04],
           ...,
           [8.6445707e-06, 1.2963214e-04, 1.2963214e-04, ..., 1.2963214e-04,
            1.2963214e-04, 1.2963214e-04],
           [8.6445707e-06, 2.8470578e-04, 2.8470578e-04, ..., 2.8470578e-04,
            2.8470578e-04, 2.8470578e-04],
           [8.6445707e-06, 1.2712118e-04, 1.2712118e-04, ..., 8.5358665e-04,
            8.5358665e-04, 8.5358665e-04]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • density
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    855.8 856.1 856.1 ... 856.1 856.1

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg/m^3

    minval :

    855.84766

    maxval :

    856.107

    array([[855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           ...,
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • bulltime
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • interfacial_area
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m2

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • mass_dispersed
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • mass_evaporated
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.05452 ... 0.0837 0.0837

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.08402534

    array([[0.        , 0.0545187 , 0.0545187 , ..., 0.0545187 , 0.0545187 ,
            0.0545187 ],
           [0.        , 0.05080167, 0.05080167, ..., 0.05080167, 0.05080167,
            0.05080167],
           [0.        , 0.08362634, 0.08362634, ..., 0.08362634, 0.08362634,
            0.08362634],
           ...,
           [0.        , 0.04868824, 0.04868824, ..., 0.04868824, 0.04868824,
            0.04868824],
           [0.        , 0.06330514, 0.06330514, ..., 0.06330514, 0.06330514,
            0.06330514],
           [0.        , 0.04832484, 0.04832484, ..., 0.08370438, 0.08370438,
            0.08370438]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • mass_biodegraded
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • biodegradation_half_time_droplet
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    Days

    description :

    Biodegradation half time in days for submerged oil droplets

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • biodegradation_half_time_slick
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 ... 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    Days

    description :

    Biodegradation half time in days for surface oil slick

    minval :

    3.0

    maxval :

    3.0

    array([[3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           ...,
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • fraction_evaporated
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.637 0.637 ... 0.978 0.978

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    %

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.98173696

    array([[0.        , 0.63701415, 0.63701415, ..., 0.63701415, 0.63701415,
            0.63701415],
           [0.        , 0.59358317, 0.59358317, ..., 0.59358317, 0.59358317,
            0.59358317],
           [0.        , 0.9771171 , 0.9771171 , ..., 0.9771171 , 0.9771171 ,
            0.9771171 ],
           ...,
           [0.        , 0.5688892 , 0.5688892 , ..., 0.5688892 , 0.5688892 ,
            0.5688892 ],
           [0.        , 0.7396777 , 0.7396777 , ..., 0.7396777 , 0.7396777 ,
            0.7396777 ],
           [0.        , 0.5646431 , 0.5646431 , ..., 0.9780291 , 0.9780291 ,
            0.9780291 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • water_fraction
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    %

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • oil_film_thickness
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.001 2.821e-08 ... 1e-09 1e-09

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    minval :

    1e-09

    maxval :

    0.001

    array([[1.00000005e-03, 2.82120070e-08, 2.82120070e-08, ...,
            2.82120070e-08, 2.82120070e-08, 2.82120070e-08],
           [1.00000005e-03, 7.05300138e-08, 7.05300138e-08, ...,
            7.05300138e-08, 7.05300138e-08, 7.05300138e-08],
           [1.00000005e-03, 9.99999972e-10, 9.99999972e-10, ...,
            9.99999972e-10, 9.99999972e-10, 9.99999972e-10],
           ...,
           [1.00000005e-03, 1.12848028e-07, 1.12848028e-07, ...,
            1.12848028e-07, 1.12848028e-07, 1.12848028e-07],
           [1.00000005e-03, 1.40902365e-08, 1.40902365e-08, ...,
            1.40902365e-08, 1.40902365e-08, 1.40902365e-08],
           [1.00000005e-03, 1.12848028e-07, 1.12848028e-07, ...,
            9.99999972e-10, 9.99999972e-10, 9.99999972e-10]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • diameter
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 1.352e-05 ... 1.805e-05

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0005553627

    array([[0.0000000e+00, 1.3523837e-05, 1.3523837e-05, ..., 1.3523837e-05,
            1.3523837e-05, 1.3523837e-05],
           [0.0000000e+00, 1.1670452e-05, 1.1670452e-05, ..., 1.1670452e-05,
            1.1670452e-05, 1.1670452e-05],
           [0.0000000e+00, 2.6683461e-05, 2.6683461e-05, ..., 2.6683461e-05,
            2.6683461e-05, 2.6683461e-05],
           ...,
           [0.0000000e+00, 3.8505532e-05, 3.8505532e-05, ..., 3.8505532e-05,
            3.8505532e-05, 3.8505532e-05],
           [0.0000000e+00, 2.0319578e-05, 2.0319578e-05, ..., 2.0319578e-05,
            2.0319578e-05, 2.0319578e-05],
           [0.0000000e+00, 5.0483548e-05, 5.0483548e-05, ..., 1.8052331e-05,
            1.8052331e-05, 1.8052331e-05]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • x_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.133 0.1531 ... 0.1606 -0.1425

    minval :

    -0.3659953

    maxval :

    0.52730227

    array([[ 0.13300459,  0.15314767, -0.0025452 , ...,  0.37059882,
             0.15486473,  0.0135066 ],
           [ 0.099952  , -0.14410159,  0.09606954, ...,  0.1603649 ,
            -0.0605345 ,  0.06989441],
           [ 0.18181159,  0.1891165 , -0.12198845, ...,  0.03659156,
             0.16697319,  0.1404663 ],
           ...,
           [-0.05112763,  0.16528259,  0.0404115 , ...,  0.17440249,
             0.03038934,  0.4221175 ],
           [ 0.19768438,  0.20197475,  0.03631632, ..., -0.04937223,
             0.12739687,  0.04777065],
           [ 0.22555007, -0.12761097,  0.13088061, ...,  0.01112098,
             0.16059127, -0.14248516]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • y_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.03712 -0.1523 ... 0.06116

    minval :

    -0.4483128

    maxval :

    0.43947724

    array([[ 0.03712321, -0.15234496,  0.06478719, ..., -0.08768688,
             0.01656677, -0.10070011],
           [ 0.03047839,  0.01003196, -0.02884188, ..., -0.11553317,
             0.01607766, -0.00684255],
           [ 0.05041246,  0.11735141, -0.13796355, ...,  0.04993746,
            -0.08058412,  0.05271601],
           ...,
           [ 0.16898575,  0.27728063, -0.19786693, ...,  0.0097419 ,
            -0.19019996, -0.10353602],
           [ 0.01999665, -0.00842622, -0.12260228, ..., -0.18077543,
             0.12304322, -0.11572674],
           [-0.12243307,  0.04261644,  0.2365461 , ..., -0.10703755,
            -0.01784662,  0.06115619]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • x_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -3.879 -1.457 ... -1.975 -1.532

    minval :

    -9.740631

    maxval :

    10.196693

    array([[-3.8790007 , -1.4565876 , -0.24933118, ...,  0.7303126 ,
             4.7925563 ,  0.8856285 ],
           [ 1.477701  ,  1.2996932 , -0.04251907, ...,  4.4080095 ,
             0.03447588, -1.8966087 ],
           [ 2.789369  , -1.2528986 ,  3.132552  , ...,  1.5697855 ,
            -3.8559365 ,  1.501943  ],
           ...,
           [-0.50068355, -0.06543393,  0.1370995 , ..., -2.4494777 ,
            -1.1310093 , -3.1425085 ],
           [ 1.169456  ,  2.6886394 ,  4.5388064 , ...,  3.947841  ,
             1.3969467 ,  1.5642992 ],
           [-2.501654  , -2.9506683 ,  0.08152086, ..., -0.58489263,
            -1.9751916 , -1.5324574 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • y_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    7.132 7.102 9.775 ... 4.492 5.615

    minval :

    -2.7042353

    maxval :

    15.9851265

    array([[ 7.132082 ,  7.102116 ,  9.774835 , ...,  4.8702645,  8.708078 ,
             3.964807 ],
           [10.399964 ,  9.329549 ,  1.0715672, ...,  7.3988547,  8.361088 ,
             9.827127 ],
           [ 3.761567 ,  2.1683257,  8.556543 , ...,  5.2366934,  9.851479 ,
             7.683197 ],
           ...,
           [ 8.791959 ,  3.3620021,  8.7522   , ...,  4.9533043,  5.894182 ,
             8.058783 ],
           [ 2.76626  ,  8.149868 ,  9.919747 , ...,  6.8079176,  9.906809 ,
             6.8521485],
           [ 6.632097 ,  6.0281224,  5.566418 , ...,  8.9483185,  4.4919763,
             5.615486 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_significant_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.621 1.293 2.352 ... 0.5923 0.8335

    minval :

    0.0007761082

    maxval :

    6.3106995

    array([[1.6214658 , 1.2930177 , 2.351995  , ..., 0.59661967, 2.430461  ,
            0.40599912],
           [2.7144344 , 2.1827502 , 0.02829158, ..., 1.8246704 , 1.719761  ,
            2.464171  ],
           [0.53947717, 0.15427622, 2.0424721 , ..., 0.73522466, 2.7532287 ,
            1.5076687 ],
           ...,
           [1.9077109 , 0.27816057, 1.8848472 , ..., 0.75116503, 0.8861058 ,
            1.8405558 ],
           [0.22188757, 1.8117685 , 2.9274528 , ..., 1.5235564 , 2.4623697 ,
            1.2152146 ],
           [1.2359773 , 1.1080996 , 0.7623947 , ..., 1.978197  , 0.5923492 ,
            0.8334999 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 ... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

    minval :

    0.3

    maxval :

    0.3

    array([[0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           ...,
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    6.937 6.195 8.355 ... 4.193 4.974

    minval :

    0.15177168

    maxval :

    13.68574

    array([[6.937188 , 6.1948647, 8.355025 , ..., 4.2080255, 8.49325  ,
            3.4713001],
           [8.975719 , 8.048809 , 0.9163432, ..., 7.3590508, 7.144365 ,
            8.551947 ],
           [4.001438 , 2.1398292, 7.785879 , ..., 4.67132  , 9.039631 ,
            6.6893287],
           ...,
           [7.524642 , 2.873276 , 7.4794154, ..., 4.721688 , 5.1282873,
            7.391015 ],
           [2.5662332, 7.332988 , 9.321258 , ..., 6.724482 , 8.5488205,
            6.0055947],
           [6.0566835, 5.7348094, 4.7568507, ..., 7.6623917, 4.1929383,
            4.973732 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_ice_area_fraction
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_ice_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_ice_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_water_temperature
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    10.0 10.0 10.0 ... 10.0 10.0 283.1

    minval :

    10.0

    maxval :

    283.15

    array([[ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           ...,
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_water_salinity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    34.0 34.0 34.0 ... 34.0 34.0 34.0

    minval :

    34.0

    maxval :

    34.0

    array([[34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           ...,
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1e+04 1e+04 1e+04 ... 1e+04 1e+04

    minval :

    10000.0

    maxval :

    10000.0

    array([[10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           ...,
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • horizontal_diffusivity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • ocean_vertical_diffusivity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02 0.02 0.02 ... 0.02 0.02 0.02

    minval :

    0.02

    maxval :

    0.02

    array([[0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           ...,
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • land_binary_mask
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    50.0 50.0 50.0 ... 50.0 50.0 50.0

    minval :

    50.0

    maxval :

    50.0

    array([[50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           ...,
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

• Indexes: (2)
  • trajectory
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([   0,    1,    2,    3,    4,    5,    6,    7,    8,    9,
           ...
           9990, 9991, 9992, 9993, 9994, 9995, 9996, 9997, 9998, 9999],
          dtype='int64', name='trajectory', length=10000))

  • time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2026-05-11 12:29:10.826977', '2026-05-11 13:29:10.826977',
                   '2026-05-11 14:29:10.826977', '2026-05-11 15:29:10.826977',
                   '2026-05-11 16:29:10.826977', '2026-05-11 17:29:10.826977',
                   '2026-05-11 18:29:10.826977', '2026-05-11 19:29:10.826977',
                   '2026-05-11 20:29:10.826977', '2026-05-11 21:29:10.826977',
                   '2026-05-11 22:29:10.826977', '2026-05-11 23:29:10.826977',
                   '2026-05-12 00:29:10.826977', '2026-05-12 01:29:10.826977',
                   '2026-05-12 02:29:10.826977', '2026-05-12 03:29:10.826977',
                   '2026-05-12 04:29:10.826977', '2026-05-12 05:29:10.826977',
                   '2026-05-12 06:29:10.826977', '2026-05-12 07:29:10.826977',
                   '2026-05-12 08:29:10.826977'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='time', freq='h'))

• Attributes: (167)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.11, ACDD-1.3

  standard_name_vocabulary :

  CF Standard Name Table v85

  featureType :

  trajectory

  title :

  OpenDrift trajectory simulation

  summary :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift framework

  keywords :

  trajectory, drift, lagrangian, simulation

  history :

  Created 2026-05-11 12:29:15.450993

  date_created :

  2026-05-11T12:29:15.451008

  source :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift

  model_url :

  https://github.com/OpenDrift/opendrift

  opendrift_class :

  OpenOil

  opendrift_module :

  opendrift.models.openoil.openoil

  readers :

  odict_keys(['global_landmask'])

  time_coverage_start :

  2026-05-11 12:29:10.826977

  time_step_calculation :

  0:10:00

  time_step_output :

  1:00:00

  config_environment:constant:x_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity :

  0.1

  config_environment:constant:y_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity :

  0.0

  config_environment:constant:x_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_wind :

  0.0

  config_environment:constant:y_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_wind :

  7.0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0.0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0.3

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_ice_area_fraction :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_ice_area_fraction :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_ice_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_ice_x_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_ice_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_ice_y_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_water_temperature :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_water_temperature :

  10

  config_environment:constant:sea_water_salinity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_water_salinity :

  34

  config_environment:constant:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  config_environment:constant:horizontal_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:horizontal_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0.02

  config_environment:constant:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:land_binary_mask :

  0.0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  config_general:use_auto_landmask :

  True

  config_drift:current_uncertainty :

  0.1

  config_drift:current_uncertainty_uniform :

  0

  config_drift:max_speed :

  1.3

  config_readers:max_number_of_fails :

  1

  config_general:simulation_name :

  config_general:coastline_action :

  stranding

  config_general:coastline_approximation_precision :

  0.001

  config_general:time_step_minutes :

  60

  config_general:time_step_output_minutes :

  None

  config_seed:ocean_only :

  True

  config_seed:number :

  1

  config_drift:max_age_seconds :

  None

  config_drift:advection_scheme :

  euler

  config_drift:profiles_depth :

  50

  config_drift:wind_uncertainty :

  2.0

  config_drift:relative_wind :

  False

  config_drift:deactivate_north_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_south_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_east_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_west_of :

  None

  config_seed:origin_marker :

  0

  config_seed:z :

  0

  config_seed:wind_drift_factor :

  0.03

  config_seed:current_drift_factor :

  1

  config_seed:terminal_velocity :

  0.0

  config_seed:oil_film_thickness :

  0.001

  config_drift:vertical_advection :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_at_surface :

  False

  config_drift:water_column_stretching :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_correction :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing :

  True

  config_drift:vertical_mixing_at_surface :

  False

  config_vertical_mixing:timestep :

  60

  config_vertical_mixing:diffusivitymodel :

  environment

  config_vertical_mixing:background_diffusivity :

  1.2e-05

  config_vertical_mixing:TSprofiles :

  False

  config_drift:wind_drift_depth :

  0.1

  config_drift:stokes_drift :

  True

  config_drift:stokes_drift_profile :

  Phillips

  config_drift:use_tabularised_stokes_drift :

  False

  config_drift:tabularised_stokes_drift_fetch :

  25000

  config_general:seafloor_action :

  lift_to_seafloor

  config_drift:truncate_ocean_model_below_m :

  None

  config_seed:seafloor :

  False

  config_seed:m3_per_hour :

  1

  config_seed:droplet_size_distribution :

  uniform

  config_seed:droplet_diameter_mu :

  0.001

  config_seed:droplet_diameter_sigma :

  0.0005

  config_seed:droplet_diameter_min_subsea :

  0.0005

  config_seed:droplet_diameter_max_subsea :

  0.005

  config_processes:dispersion :

  False

  config_processes:evaporation :

  True

  config_processes:emulsification :

  True

  config_processes:biodegradation :

  False

  config_biodegradation:method :

  Adcroft

  config_processes:update_oilfilm_thickness :

  True

  config_wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution :

  Johansen et al. (2015)

  config_wave_entrainment:entrainment_rate :

  Li et al. (2017)

  config_seed:oil_type :

  GENERIC DIESEL

  opendrift_version :

  1.14.9

  seed_lon :

  4.5

  seed_lat :

  60.0

  seed_radius :

  1000.0

  seed_time :

  2026-05-11 12:29:10.826977

  seed_number :

  10000.0

  seed_z :

  0.0

  seed_m3_per_hour :

  1.0

  seed_oiltype :

  GENERIC DIESEL

  seed_geojson :

  {"features": [], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

  simulation_time :

  2026-05-11 12:29:15.462696

  reader_x_sea_water_velocity :

  0.1

  reader_y_sea_water_velocity :

  0.0

  reader_x_wind :

  0.0

  reader_y_wind :

  7.0

  reader_sea_surface_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0.0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0.3

  reader_sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment :

  0

  reader_sea_ice_area_fraction :

  0

  reader_sea_ice_x_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_ice_y_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_water_temperature :

  10

  reader_sea_water_salinity :

  34

  reader_sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  reader_horizontal_diffusivity :

  0

  reader_ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0.02

  reader_land_binary_mask :

  ['global_landmask']

  reader_ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  time_coverage_end :

  2026-05-12 08:29:10.826977

  time_coverage_duration :

  P0DT20H0M0S

  time_coverage_resolution :

  P0DT0H10M0S

  performance :

  -------------------- Reader performance: -------------------- global_landmask 0:00:00.1 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.1 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- Performance: 32.2 total time 4.6 configuration 0.0 preparing main loop 0.0 moving elements to ocean 27.5 main loop 23.4 updating elements 1.3 oil weathering 0.0 updating viscosities 0.0 updating densities 1.2 evaporation 0.0 emulsification 18.4 vertical mixing 0.0 cleaning up --------------------

  geospatial_bounds_crs :

  EPSG:4326

  geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs :

  EPSG:5831

  geospatial_lat_min :

  59.960087

  geospatial_lat_max :

  60.33959

  geospatial_lat_units :

  degrees_north

  geospatial_lat_resolution :

  point

  geospatial_lon_min :

  4.432955

  geospatial_lon_max :

  4.7129045

  geospatial_lon_units :

  degrees_east

  geospatial_lon_resolution :

  point

  runtime :

  0:00:32.246220

  geospatial_vertical_min :

  -51.23148

  geospatial_vertical_max :

  0.0

  geospatial_vertical_positive :

  up

Animation shows how oil thickness evolves, and decreases due to evaporation and spreading

unitfactor=1e6  # show film thickness in micrometers
o1.animation(color='oil_film_thickness', fast=True,
             vmin=1e-7*unitfactor, vmax=1e-4*unitfactor,
             unitfactor=unitfactor, surface_only=True)

12:29:43 WARNING opendrift:2565: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
12:29:44 INFO    opendrift:4768: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_oil_thickness_0.gif...
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift:3191: Time to make animation: 0:00:16.374979

Second run, identical but without updating surface oil thickness

o2 = OpenOil(loglevel=20, weathering_model='noaa')
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:land_binary_mask', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:x_wind', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:y_wind', 7)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity', 0)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity', .3)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity', .1)
o2.set_config('environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity', 0)

o2.set_config('wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution',
             'Johansen et al. (2015)')
o2.set_config('drift:wind_uncertainty', 2)
o2.set_config('drift:current_uncertainty', .1)
o2.set_config('processes:dispersion', False)
o2.set_config('processes:update_oilfilm_thickness', False)

o2.seed_elements(lon=4.5, lat=60, number=number,
                mass_oil=mass_oil, radius=1000,
                oil_type=oil_type,
                time=datetime.now())
o2.run(time_step=timestep, time_step_output=timestep_output,
       duration=duration)

12:29:59 INFO    opendrift:568: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.9 / v1.14.9-49-gf94e1e5)
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: GENERIC DIESEL
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1731: Using density 855.84763 and viscosity 8.644570579524577e-06 of oiltype GENERIC DIESEL
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.100000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    x_wind: 0.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    y_wind: 7.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.300000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    horizontal_diffusivity: 0.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift:1894: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift:1905: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift:1905: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift:947: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift:978: All points are in ocean
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:697: Oil-water surface tension is 0.030314 Nm
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:710: Max water fraction not available for GENERIC DIESEL, using default
12:29:59 INFO    opendrift:2202: 2026-05-11 12:29:59.659771 - step 1 of 120 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
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12:30:22 INFO    opendrift:2202: 2026-05-12 06:39:59.659771 - step 110 of 120 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
12:30:22 INFO    opendrift:2202: 2026-05-12 06:49:59.659771 - step 111 of 120 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
12:30:22 INFO    opendrift:2202: 2026-05-12 06:59:59.659771 - step 112 of 120 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
12:30:22 INFO    opendrift:2202: 2026-05-12 07:09:59.659771 - step 113 of 120 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
12:30:22 INFO    opendrift:2202: 2026-05-12 07:19:59.659771 - step 114 of 120 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
12:30:23 INFO    opendrift:2202: 2026-05-12 07:29:59.659771 - step 115 of 120 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
12:30:23 INFO    opendrift:2202: 2026-05-12 07:39:59.659771 - step 116 of 120 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
12:30:23 INFO    opendrift:2202: 2026-05-12 07:49:59.659771 - step 117 of 120 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
12:30:23 INFO    opendrift:2202: 2026-05-12 07:59:59.659771 - step 118 of 120 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
12:30:23 INFO    opendrift:2202: 2026-05-12 08:09:59.659771 - step 119 of 120 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
12:30:24 INFO    opendrift:2202: 2026-05-12 08:19:59.659771 - step 120 of 120 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 37MB
Dimensions:                                                                              (
                                                                                          trajectory: 10000,
                                                                                          time: 21)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                                                           (trajectory) int64 80kB ...
  * time                                                                                 (time) datetime64[ns] 168B ...
Data variables: (12/44)
    status                                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    moving                                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    age_seconds                                                                          (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    origin_marker                                                                        (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    lon                                                                                  (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    lat                                                                                  (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ...                                                                                   ...
    sea_water_salinity                                                                   (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level                                                      (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    horizontal_diffusivity                                                               (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ocean_vertical_diffusivity                                                           (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    land_binary_mask                                                                     (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness                                                          (trajectory, time) float32 840kB ...
Attributes: (12/167)
    Conventions:                                                             ...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                                ...
    featureType:                                                             ...
    title:                                                                   ...
    summary:                                                                 ...
    keywords:                                                                ...
    ...                                                                                                               ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                               ...
    runtime:                                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                                 ...
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                            ...

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • trajectory: 10000
  • time: 21
• Coordinates: (2)
  • trajectory
    (trajectory)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 ... 9996 9997 9998 9999

    cf_role :

    trajectory_id

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    array([   0,    1,    2, ..., 9997, 9998, 9999], shape=(10000,))

  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2026-05-11T12:29:59.659771 ... 2...

    standard_name :

    time

    long_name :

    time

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float64'>

    array(['2026-05-11T12:29:59.659771000', '2026-05-11T13:29:59.659771000',
           '2026-05-11T14:29:59.659771000', '2026-05-11T15:29:59.659771000',
           '2026-05-11T16:29:59.659771000', '2026-05-11T17:29:59.659771000',
           '2026-05-11T18:29:59.659771000', '2026-05-11T19:29:59.659771000',
           '2026-05-11T20:29:59.659771000', '2026-05-11T21:29:59.659771000',
           '2026-05-11T22:29:59.659771000', '2026-05-11T23:29:59.659771000',
           '2026-05-12T00:29:59.659771000', '2026-05-12T01:29:59.659771000',
           '2026-05-12T02:29:59.659771000', '2026-05-12T03:29:59.659771000',
           '2026-05-12T04:29:59.659771000', '2026-05-12T05:29:59.659771000',
           '2026-05-12T06:29:59.659771000', '2026-05-12T07:29:59.659771000',
           '2026-05-12T08:29:59.659771000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (44)
  • status
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    valid_range :

    [0 0]

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    active

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • moving
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    minval :

    1

    maxval :

    1

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • age_seconds
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 3.6e+03 ... 6.84e+04 7.2e+04

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    72000.0

    array([[    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           ...,
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.],
           [    0.,  3600.,  7200., ..., 64800., 68400., 72000.]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • origin_marker
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    unit :

    description :

    An integer kept constant during the simulation. Different values may be used for different seedings, to separate elements during analysis. With GUI, only a single seeding is possible.

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    Seed_0

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • lon
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    4.532 4.539 4.542 ... 4.666 4.673

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    long_name :

    longitude

    axis :

    X

    minval :

    4.432955

    maxval :

    4.713935

    array([[4.531612 , 4.5387716, 4.542312 , ..., 4.655117 , 4.6614785,
            4.663872 ],
           [4.5071697, 4.5153246, 4.5174026, ..., 4.61954  , 4.6237164,
            4.6373515],
           [4.5175486, 4.523901 , 4.5339046, ..., 4.608753 , 4.6122417,
            4.6194577],
           ...,
           [4.5092626, 4.5087733, 4.514938 , ..., 4.614031 , 4.6191297,
            4.6238694],
           [4.49941  , 4.5062723, 4.514002 , ..., 4.6280994, 4.6337585,
            4.6434684],
           [4.5232615, 4.5264826, 4.5415006, ..., 4.6570387, 4.665859 ,
            4.6733127]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    60.0 60.01 60.03 ... 60.07 60.07

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_north

    standard_name :

    latitude

    long_name :

    latitude

    axis :

    Y

    minval :

    59.960087

    maxval :

    60.27397

    array([[59.99818 , 60.01394 , 60.029606, ..., 60.065277, 60.064438,
            60.062653],
           [59.99252 , 60.004593, 60.015213, ..., 60.129787, 60.145718,
            60.160336],
           [60.01556 , 60.030075, 60.036324, ..., 60.18927 , 60.194763,
            60.203896],
           ...,
           [59.999485, 60.00677 , 60.02059 , ..., 60.065247, 60.063534,
            60.06448 ],
           [59.990494, 60.003414, 60.010162, ..., 60.056885, 60.067196,
            60.079334],
           [59.997066, 60.007027, 60.00662 , ..., 60.059002, 60.07252 ,
            60.072437]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 -7.501

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    z

    long_name :

    vertical position

    axis :

    Z

    positive :

    up

    minval :

    -49.596012

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[  0.        ,   0.        ,   0.        , ..., -11.8127365 ,
            -30.939867  , -28.504255  ],
           [  0.        ,   0.        ,  -9.18936   , ...,  -3.8995376 ,
             -0.6002496 ,   0.        ],
           [  0.        ,   0.        ,   0.        , ...,   0.        ,
             -2.0416474 ,  -6.763885  ],
           ...,
           [  0.        ,   0.        ,   0.        , ..., -28.353647  ,
            -20.691664  ,  -0.50806546],
           [  0.        ,   0.        ,  -0.822849  , ...,   0.        ,
              0.        ,   0.        ],
           [  0.        ,  -0.36908698,  -2.551769  , ...,   0.        ,
              0.        ,  -7.5014424 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • wind_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.03 0.03 0.03 ... 0.03 0.03 0.03

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    %

    description :

    Elements at the ocean surface are moved by this fraction of the wind vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    0.03

    maxval :

    0.03

    array([[0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           ...,
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03],
           [0.03, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.03, 0.03, 0.03]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • current_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements are moved with this fraction of the current vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • terminal_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.06689 ... 0.06366 0.008014

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m/s

    description :

    Terminal rise/sinking velocity (buoyancy) in the ocean column

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.1140342

    array([[0.        , 0.06688817, 0.01894958, ..., 0.00048924, 0.00048924,
            0.00048924],
           [0.        , 0.08054516, 0.00214303, ..., 0.0023684 , 0.06665002,
            0.084979  ],
           [0.        , 0.06782965, 0.06819297, ..., 0.00271279, 0.07088942,
            0.00144519],
           ...,
           [0.        , 0.03053468, 0.00781606, ..., 0.00291466, 0.00291466,
            0.00291466],
           [0.        , 0.07472097, 0.01130574, ..., 0.06497866, 0.02603124,
            0.07472506],
           [0.        , 0.00118652, 0.00118652, ..., 0.06863247, 0.06365716,
            0.00801421]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • mass_oil
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.08558 0.08075 ... 0.07856 0.0785

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg

    minval :

    0.07533127

    maxval :

    0.08558476

    array([[0.08558476, 0.08074714, 0.07962331, ..., 0.07882463, 0.07882463,
            0.07882463],
           [0.08558476, 0.08160065, 0.07984234, ..., 0.07748603, 0.07721876,
            0.07704778],
           [0.08558476, 0.08112786, 0.08035178, ..., 0.07705519, 0.07690883,
            0.07675792],
           ...,
           [0.08558476, 0.08271068, 0.08027148, ..., 0.07870952, 0.07870952,
            0.07870952],
           [0.08558476, 0.08141379, 0.08016621, ..., 0.07884705, 0.07866024,
            0.07844698],
           [0.08558476, 0.081255  , 0.081255  , ..., 0.0787714 , 0.07856196,
            0.07849561]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • viscosity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    8.645e-06 1.192e-05 ... 1.381e-05

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m2/s

    description :

    Kinematic viscosity of oil (emulsion)

    minval :

    8.644571e-06

    maxval :

    1.633727e-05

    array([[8.6445707e-06, 1.1918329e-05, 1.2911218e-05, ..., 1.3570751e-05,
            1.3570751e-05, 1.3570751e-05],
           [8.6445707e-06, 1.1386601e-05, 1.2720568e-05, ..., 1.4584617e-05,
            1.4732457e-05, 1.4903280e-05],
           [8.6445707e-06, 1.1643897e-05, 1.2499864e-05, ..., 1.4891456e-05,
            1.5044840e-05, 1.5167538e-05],
           ...,
           [8.6445707e-06, 1.1009407e-05, 1.2382565e-05, ..., 1.3655096e-05,
            1.3655096e-05, 1.3655096e-05],
           [8.6445707e-06, 1.1805378e-05, 1.2625349e-05, ..., 1.3504381e-05,
            1.3691362e-05, 1.3822667e-05],
           [8.6445707e-06, 1.1906714e-05, 1.1906714e-05, ..., 1.3579931e-05,
            1.3728232e-05, 1.3813228e-05]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • density
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    855.8 856.1 856.1 ... 856.1 856.1

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg/m^3

    minval :

    855.84766

    maxval :

    856.107

    array([[855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           ...,
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ],
           [855.84766, 856.107  , 856.107  , ..., 856.107  , 856.107  ,
            856.107  ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • bulltime
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • interfacial_area
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m2

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • mass_dispersed
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • mass_evaporated
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.004838 ... 0.007023 0.007089

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.01025349

    array([[0.        , 0.00483761, 0.00596145, ..., 0.00676013, 0.00676013,
            0.00676013],
           [0.        , 0.00398411, 0.00574242, ..., 0.00809873, 0.00836601,
            0.00853698],
           [0.        , 0.0044569 , 0.00523298, ..., 0.00852957, 0.00867593,
            0.00882683],
           ...,
           [0.        , 0.00287408, 0.00531328, ..., 0.00687524, 0.00687524,
            0.00687524],
           [0.        , 0.00417097, 0.00541856, ..., 0.00673771, 0.00692452,
            0.00713779],
           [0.        , 0.00432976, 0.00432976, ..., 0.00681337, 0.0070228 ,
            0.00708915]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • mass_biodegraded
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    kg

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • biodegradation_half_time_droplet
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    Days

    description :

    Biodegradation half time in days for submerged oil droplets

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • biodegradation_half_time_slick
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 ... 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    Days

    description :

    Biodegradation half time in days for surface oil slick

    minval :

    3.0

    maxval :

    3.0

    array([[3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           ...,
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.],
           [3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • fraction_evaporated
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0508 ... 0.08149 0.08283

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    %

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.11926275

    array([[0.        , 0.05080203, 0.06817254, ..., 0.07898752, 0.07898752,
            0.07898752],
           [0.        , 0.0408945 , 0.06494319, ..., 0.09462821, 0.09681761,
            0.09932016],
           [0.        , 0.0457451 , 0.06114377, ..., 0.09914786, 0.10137238,
            0.10313559],
           ...,
           [0.        , 0.03358168, 0.05909708, ..., 0.08033253, 0.08033253,
            0.08033253],
           [0.        , 0.04873494, 0.06331216, ..., 0.07792324, 0.0809083 ,
            0.08298025],
           [0.        , 0.05059037, 0.05059037, ..., 0.07913431, 0.08149209,
            0.08283196]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • water_fraction
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    %

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • oil_film_thickness
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.001 0.001 0.001 ... 0.001 0.001

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    minval :

    0.001

    maxval :

    0.001

    array([[0.001, 0.001, 0.001, ..., 0.001, 0.001, 0.001],
           [0.001, 0.001, 0.001, ..., 0.001, 0.001, 0.001],
           [0.001, 0.001, 0.001, ..., 0.001, 0.001, 0.001],
           ...,
           [0.001, 0.001, 0.001, ..., 0.001, 0.001, 0.001],
           [0.001, 0.001, 0.001, ..., 0.001, 0.001, 0.001],
           [0.001, 0.001, 0.001, ..., 0.001, 0.001, 0.001]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • diameter
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.001032 ... 0.0003472

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0029994303

    array([[0.0000000e+00, 1.0319703e-03, 5.3382985e-04, ..., 8.5775813e-05,
            8.5775813e-05, 8.5775813e-05],
           [0.0000000e+00, 1.4963988e-03, 1.7952165e-04, ..., 1.8872559e-04,
            1.0246347e-03, 1.6656806e-03],
           [0.0000000e+00, 1.0612255e-03, 1.0726247e-03, ..., 2.0198118e-04,
            1.1591280e-03, 1.4742333e-04],
           ...,
           [0.0000000e+00, 6.7764107e-04, 3.4284435e-04, ..., 2.0936174e-04,
            2.0936174e-04, 2.0936174e-04],
           [0.0000000e+00, 1.2878152e-03, 4.1233725e-04, ..., 9.8852674e-04,
            6.2567735e-04, 1.2879561e-03],
           [0.0000000e+00, 1.3357993e-04, 1.3357993e-04, ..., 1.0864951e-03,
            9.7842305e-04, 3.4716292e-04]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • x_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.133 -0.01147 ... 0.2235 0.02339

    minval :

    -0.3659953

    maxval :

    0.5468681

    array([[ 0.13300459, -0.01147049,  0.27895343, ...,  0.07596719,
             0.08245783,  0.1207943 ],
           [ 0.099952  ,  0.09270739,  0.28440508, ...,  0.16429959,
             0.07063413,  0.3273802 ],
           [ 0.18181159, -0.02922052,  0.0271666 , ...,  0.23511831,
            -0.00585545,  0.29552093],
           ...,
           [-0.05112763, -0.02676556,  0.18788262, ..., -0.07114527,
             0.091199  ,  0.17967284],
           [ 0.19768438,  0.22730812,  0.03434797, ..., -0.00090143,
             0.28858104,  0.13532044],
           [ 0.22555007,  0.22807588,  0.11189859, ..., -0.04044477,
             0.22350241,  0.02338676]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • y_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.03712 0.03462 ... -0.08853

    minval :

    -0.43480188

    maxval :

    0.4964093

    array([[ 0.03712321,  0.0346175 , -0.10021733, ..., -0.10185526,
            -0.00874083, -0.3155112 ],
           [ 0.03047839,  0.00957809, -0.00163374, ..., -0.01348467,
            -0.07838344,  0.25999892],
           [ 0.05041246, -0.00712662,  0.01131545, ...,  0.08383416,
             0.03254157, -0.06895083],
           ...,
           [ 0.16898575, -0.0089295 ,  0.22866261, ..., -0.12527543,
            -0.19561216,  0.01287373],
           [ 0.01999665, -0.1998673 , -0.04903008, ...,  0.01750665,
             0.1041332 , -0.07125202],
           [-0.12243307, -0.20775926,  0.0770271 , ..., -0.05948561,
             0.00248658, -0.08852559]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • x_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -3.879 -0.1463 ... -0.3746 4.842

    minval :

    -10.071914

    maxval :

    9.078229

    array([[-3.8790007 , -0.14634168,  0.10019124, ...,  2.067598  ,
            -1.3424673 , -3.2066076 ],
           [ 1.477701  , -1.4979804 , -0.39116725, ...,  0.7824754 ,
             0.81580764,  2.8504748 ],
           [ 2.789369  ,  3.708208  , -0.46639785, ..., -0.9665268 ,
            -1.3747    , -2.198722  ],
           ...,
           [-0.50068355,  0.60128367,  0.8617817 , ..., -0.79899544,
             1.4044316 , -2.5791614 ],
           [ 1.169456  , -3.5816417 ,  1.2921791 , ..., -3.8870475 ,
             1.0039912 , -0.86792624],
           [-2.501654  , -1.8050939 ,  3.121982  , ..., -0.32293257,
            -0.37462485,  4.8420563 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • y_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    7.132 6.385 9.517 ... 10.07 9.409

    minval :

    -2.7042353

    maxval :

    15.922234

    array([[ 7.132082 ,  6.384831 ,  9.517365 , ...,  7.329913 ,  5.3896136,
             6.97132  ],
           [10.399964 ,  3.8277383,  7.9468446, ...,  6.5338254,  8.708387 ,
             4.1030045],
           [ 3.761567 ,  7.3992133,  5.8035502, ...,  4.7948895,  7.243332 ,
             3.4259274],
           ...,
           [ 8.791959 ,  5.404241 ,  7.641578 , ...,  7.149043 ,  7.506553 ,
             6.394767 ],
           [ 2.76626  ,  5.5373306,  8.742817 , ...,  9.380819 ,  7.72383  ,
             4.5560694],
           [ 6.632097 ,  2.8552299,  4.8343797, ...,  8.574926 , 10.065959 ,
             9.4093   ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_significant_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.621 1.003 2.229 ... 2.496 2.755

    minval :

    2.707523e-06

    maxval :

    6.3290796

    array([[1.6214658 , 1.0033721 , 2.2285209 , ..., 1.4268636 , 0.7589138 ,
            1.4484882 ],
           [2.7144344 , 0.41562995, 1.5573117 , ..., 1.0652573 , 1.8819385 ,
            0.61401236],
           [0.53947717, 1.6850791 , 0.8339085 , ..., 0.58855844, 1.3371491 ,
            0.4076554 ],
           ...,
           [1.9077109 , 0.72735715, 1.4547551 , ..., 1.2729814 , 1.434691  ,
            1.1696098 ],
           [0.22188757, 1.0698586 , 1.9214216 , ..., 2.536479  , 1.4923726 ,
            0.52917224],
           [1.2359773 , 0.28070322, 0.81470275, ..., 1.8113878 , 2.496011  ,
            2.7547188 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 ... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

    minval :

    0.3

    maxval :

    0.3

    array([[0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           ...,
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3],
           [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, ..., 0.3, 0.3, 0.3]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    6.937 5.457 8.133 ... 8.607 9.042

    minval :

    0.008964285

    maxval :

    13.705657

    array([[6.937188 , 5.457083 , 8.132759 , ..., 6.5075994, 4.745979 ,
            6.5567265],
           [8.975719 , 3.5122302, 6.7985663, ..., 5.622854 , 7.4736423,
            4.2689214],
           [4.001438 , 7.071959 , 4.9749513, ..., 4.1795   , 6.299695 ,
            3.478373 ],
           ...,
           [7.524642 , 4.6462593, 6.5708947, ..., 6.14668  , 6.525424 ,
            5.891828 ],
           [2.5662332, 5.6349854, 7.551634 , ..., 8.676513 , 6.655309 ,
            3.9630365],
           [6.0566835, 2.8863785, 4.9173284, ..., 7.3322167, 8.60702  ,
            9.042077 ]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_ice_area_fraction
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_ice_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_ice_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_water_temperature
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    10.0 10.0 10.0 ... 10.0 10.0 283.1

    minval :

    10.0

    maxval :

    283.15

    array([[ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           ...,
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15],
           [ 10.  ,  10.  ,  10.  , ...,  10.  ,  10.  , 283.15]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_water_salinity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    34.0 34.0 34.0 ... 34.0 34.0 34.0

    minval :

    34.0

    maxval :

    34.0

    array([[34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           ...,
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.],
           [34., 34., 34., ..., 34., 34., 34.]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1e+04 1e+04 1e+04 ... 1e+04 1e+04

    minval :

    10000.0

    maxval :

    10000.0

    array([[10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           ...,
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.],
           [10000., 10000., 10000., ..., 10000., 10000., 10000.]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • horizontal_diffusivity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • ocean_vertical_diffusivity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02 0.02 0.02 ... 0.02 0.02 0.02

    minval :

    0.02

    maxval :

    0.02

    array([[0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           ...,
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • land_binary_mask
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

  • ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    50.0 50.0 50.0 ... 50.0 50.0 50.0

    minval :

    50.0

    maxval :

    50.0

    array([[50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           ...,
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.],
           [50., 50., 50., ..., 50., 50., 50.]],
          shape=(10000, 21), dtype=float32)

• Indexes: (2)
  • trajectory
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([   0,    1,    2,    3,    4,    5,    6,    7,    8,    9,
           ...
           9990, 9991, 9992, 9993, 9994, 9995, 9996, 9997, 9998, 9999],
          dtype='int64', name='trajectory', length=10000))

  • time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2026-05-11 12:29:59.659771', '2026-05-11 13:29:59.659771',
                   '2026-05-11 14:29:59.659771', '2026-05-11 15:29:59.659771',
                   '2026-05-11 16:29:59.659771', '2026-05-11 17:29:59.659771',
                   '2026-05-11 18:29:59.659771', '2026-05-11 19:29:59.659771',
                   '2026-05-11 20:29:59.659771', '2026-05-11 21:29:59.659771',
                   '2026-05-11 22:29:59.659771', '2026-05-11 23:29:59.659771',
                   '2026-05-12 00:29:59.659771', '2026-05-12 01:29:59.659771',
                   '2026-05-12 02:29:59.659771', '2026-05-12 03:29:59.659771',
                   '2026-05-12 04:29:59.659771', '2026-05-12 05:29:59.659771',
                   '2026-05-12 06:29:59.659771', '2026-05-12 07:29:59.659771',
                   '2026-05-12 08:29:59.659771'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='time', freq='h'))

• Attributes: (167)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.11, ACDD-1.3

  standard_name_vocabulary :

  CF Standard Name Table v85

  featureType :

  trajectory

  title :

  OpenDrift trajectory simulation

  summary :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift framework

  keywords :

  trajectory, drift, lagrangian, simulation

  history :

  Created 2026-05-11 12:29:59.693676

  date_created :

  2026-05-11T12:29:59.693690

  source :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift

  model_url :

  https://github.com/OpenDrift/opendrift

  opendrift_class :

  OpenOil

  opendrift_module :

  opendrift.models.openoil.openoil

  readers :

  odict_keys(['global_landmask'])

  time_coverage_start :

  2026-05-11 12:29:59.659771

  time_step_calculation :

  0:10:00

  time_step_output :

  1:00:00

  config_environment:constant:x_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity :

  0.1

  config_environment:constant:y_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity :

  0.0

  config_environment:constant:x_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_wind :

  0.0

  config_environment:constant:y_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_wind :

  7.0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0.0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0.3

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_ice_area_fraction :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_ice_area_fraction :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_ice_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_ice_x_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_ice_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_ice_y_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_water_temperature :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_water_temperature :

  10

  config_environment:constant:sea_water_salinity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_water_salinity :

  34

  config_environment:constant:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  config_environment:constant:horizontal_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:horizontal_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0.02

  config_environment:constant:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:land_binary_mask :

  0.0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  config_general:use_auto_landmask :

  True

  config_drift:current_uncertainty :

  0.1

  config_drift:current_uncertainty_uniform :

  0

  config_drift:max_speed :

  1.3

  config_readers:max_number_of_fails :

  1

  config_general:simulation_name :

  config_general:coastline_action :

  stranding

  config_general:coastline_approximation_precision :

  0.001

  config_general:time_step_minutes :

  60

  config_general:time_step_output_minutes :

  None

  config_seed:ocean_only :

  True

  config_seed:number :

  1

  config_drift:max_age_seconds :

  None

  config_drift:advection_scheme :

  euler

  config_drift:profiles_depth :

  50

  config_drift:wind_uncertainty :

  2.0

  config_drift:relative_wind :

  False

  config_drift:deactivate_north_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_south_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_east_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_west_of :

  None

  config_seed:origin_marker :

  0

  config_seed:z :

  0

  config_seed:wind_drift_factor :

  0.03

  config_seed:current_drift_factor :

  1

  config_seed:terminal_velocity :

  0.0

  config_seed:oil_film_thickness :

  0.001

  config_drift:vertical_advection :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_at_surface :

  False

  config_drift:water_column_stretching :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_correction :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing :

  True

  config_drift:vertical_mixing_at_surface :

  False

  config_vertical_mixing:timestep :

  60

  config_vertical_mixing:diffusivitymodel :

  environment

  config_vertical_mixing:background_diffusivity :

  1.2e-05

  config_vertical_mixing:TSprofiles :

  False

  config_drift:wind_drift_depth :

  0.1

  config_drift:stokes_drift :

  True

  config_drift:stokes_drift_profile :

  Phillips

  config_drift:use_tabularised_stokes_drift :

  False

  config_drift:tabularised_stokes_drift_fetch :

  25000

  config_general:seafloor_action :

  lift_to_seafloor

  config_drift:truncate_ocean_model_below_m :

  None

  config_seed:seafloor :

  False

  config_seed:m3_per_hour :

  1

  config_seed:droplet_size_distribution :

  uniform

  config_seed:droplet_diameter_mu :

  0.001

  config_seed:droplet_diameter_sigma :

  0.0005

  config_seed:droplet_diameter_min_subsea :

  0.0005

  config_seed:droplet_diameter_max_subsea :

  0.005

  config_processes:dispersion :

  False

  config_processes:evaporation :

  True

  config_processes:emulsification :

  True

  config_processes:biodegradation :

  False

  config_biodegradation:method :

  Adcroft

  config_processes:update_oilfilm_thickness :

  False

  config_wave_entrainment:droplet_size_distribution :

  Johansen et al. (2015)

  config_wave_entrainment:entrainment_rate :

  Li et al. (2017)

  config_seed:oil_type :

  GENERIC DIESEL

  opendrift_version :

  1.14.9

  seed_lon :

  4.5

  seed_lat :

  60.0

  seed_radius :

  1000.0

  seed_time :

  2026-05-11 12:29:59.659771

  seed_number :

  10000.0

  seed_z :

  0.0

  seed_m3_per_hour :

  1.0

  seed_oiltype :

  GENERIC DIESEL

  seed_geojson :

  {"features": [], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

  simulation_time :

  2026-05-11 12:29:59.701527

  reader_x_sea_water_velocity :

  0.1

  reader_y_sea_water_velocity :

  0.0

  reader_x_wind :

  0.0

  reader_y_wind :

  7.0

  reader_sea_surface_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0.0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0.3

  reader_sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment :

  0

  reader_sea_ice_area_fraction :

  0

  reader_sea_ice_x_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_ice_y_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_water_temperature :

  10

  reader_sea_water_salinity :

  34

  reader_sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  reader_horizontal_diffusivity :

  0

  reader_ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0.02

  reader_land_binary_mask :

  ['global_landmask']

  reader_ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  time_coverage_end :

  2026-05-12 08:29:59.659771

  time_coverage_duration :

  P0DT20H0M0S

  time_coverage_resolution :

  P0DT0H10M0S

  performance :

  -------------------- Reader performance: -------------------- global_landmask 0:00:00.1 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.1 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- Performance: 24.5 total time 0.0 configuration 0.0 preparing main loop 0.0 moving elements to ocean 24.4 main loop 20.3 updating elements 7.2 oil weathering 0.0 updating viscosities 0.0 updating densities 7.1 evaporation 0.0 emulsification 10.4 vertical mixing 0.0 cleaning up --------------------

  geospatial_bounds_crs :

  EPSG:4326

  geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs :

  EPSG:5831

  geospatial_lat_min :

  59.960087

  geospatial_lat_max :

  60.27397

  geospatial_lat_units :

  degrees_north

  geospatial_lat_resolution :

  point

  geospatial_lon_min :

  4.432955

  geospatial_lon_max :

  4.713935

  geospatial_lon_units :

  degrees_east

  geospatial_lon_resolution :

  point

  runtime :

  0:00:24.541949

  geospatial_vertical_min :

  -49.596012

  geospatial_vertical_max :

  0.0

  geospatial_vertical_positive :

  up

Comparison plots

o1.plot_oil_budget()
o2.plot_oil_budget()

• 
• 

Entrainment

b1 = o1.get_oil_budget()
b2 = o2.get_oil_budget()
plt.plot(b1['mass_surface'], '-r', linewidth=2,
            label='Surface, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b1['mass_submerged'], '--r', linewidth=2,
            label='Submerged, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b1['mass_evaporated'], '-.r', linewidth=2,
            label='Evaporated, updated thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_surface'], '-b', linewidth=2,
            label='Surface, constant thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_submerged'], '--b', linewidth=2,
            label='Submerged, constant thickness')
plt.plot(b2['mass_evaporated'], '-.b', linewidth=2,
            label='Evaporated, constant thickness')
plt.legend()
plt.xlabel('Time step')
plt.show()

We see that with the updated film thickness, the droplets are getting gradually smaller

plt.plot(1e6*o1.result.diameter.median(dim='trajectory'))
plt.plot(1e6*o2.result.diameter.median(dim='trajectory'))
plt.legend(['With updated film thickness', 'With constant film thickness'])
plt.xlabel('Time step')
plt.ylabel('Median droplet diameter  [micrometer]')
plt.show()

We see that oil film thickness has virtually no impact on horizontal drift

o1.animation(compare=o2, fast=True,
             legend=['Updated film thickness',
                     'Constant/default film thickness'])

12:30:25 WARNING opendrift:2565: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
12:30:26 INFO    opendrift:4768: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_oil_thickness_1.gif...
12:30:43 INFO    opendrift:3191: Time to make animation: 0:00:18.202886