Reader boundary

Seeding elements around the border of a ocean model domain (NorKyst800) to demonstrate autmatic transition back and forth with another model covering a larger domain (Topaz).

from datetime import datetime
import numpy as np
from opendrift.readers import reader_netCDF_CF_generic
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift

o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20)  # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information

# Norkyst
reader_norkyst = reader_netCDF_CF_generic.Reader('https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be')

# Topaz
reader_topaz = reader_netCDF_CF_generic.Reader('https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml')

o.add_reader([reader_norkyst, reader_topaz])
o.set_config('environment:fallback:land_binary_mask', 0)
o.set_config('drift:vertical_mixing', False)

14:37:12 INFO    opendrift:569: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.9 / v1.14.9-78-ged5dc51)
14:37:12 INFO    opendrift.readers:67: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
14:37:14 INFO    opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:340: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
14:37:14 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:178: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
14:37:14 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:178: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
14:37:14 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:178: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
14:37:14 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:178: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
14:37:14 INFO    opendrift.readers:67: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
14:37:18 INFO    opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:340: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'x', 'y': 'y', 'time': 'time'}

Seeding some particles

lons = np.linspace(5, 8, 50)
lats = np.linspace(69.8, 70.8, 50)
lons, lats = np.meshgrid(lons, lats)

Seed oil elements at defined position and time

o.seed_elements(lons, lats, radius=0, number=2500,
                time=datetime.now())

14:37:18 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
14:37:22 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
14:37:22 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    horizontal_diffusivity: 0.000000
14:37:22 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
14:37:22 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
14:37:22 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
14:37:22 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000

Running model

o.run(steps=16*4, time_step=900, time_step_output=1800)

14:37:22 INFO    opendrift:1903: Skipping environment variable ocean_vertical_diffusivity because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
14:37:22 INFO    opendrift:1903: Skipping environment variable ocean_mixed_layer_thickness because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
14:37:22 INFO    opendrift:1914: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:37:22 INFO    opendrift:1914: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:37:22 INFO    opendrift:1922: Storing previous values of environment variable sea_surface_height because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', True]
14:37:22 INFO    opendrift:955: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
14:37:22 INFO    opendrift:986: All points are in ocean
14:37:22 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 14:37:18.316477 - step 1 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:27 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 14:52:18.316477 - step 2 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:27 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 15:07:18.316477 - step 3 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:30 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 15:22:18.316477 - step 4 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:30 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 15:37:18.316477 - step 5 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:31 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 15:52:18.316477 - step 6 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:32 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 16:07:18.316477 - step 7 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:34 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 16:22:18.316477 - step 8 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:34 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 16:37:18.316477 - step 9 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:35 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 16:52:18.316477 - step 10 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:36 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 17:07:18.316477 - step 11 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:38 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 17:22:18.316477 - step 12 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:39 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 17:37:18.316477 - step 13 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:40 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 17:52:18.316477 - step 14 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:40 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 18:07:18.316477 - step 15 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:42 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 18:22:18.316477 - step 16 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:44 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 18:37:18.316477 - step 17 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:44 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 18:52:18.316477 - step 18 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:45 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 19:07:18.316477 - step 19 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:51 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 19:22:18.316477 - step 20 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:52 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 19:37:18.316477 - step 21 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:52 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 19:52:18.316477 - step 22 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:53 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 20:07:18.316477 - step 23 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:56 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 20:22:18.316477 - step 24 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:56 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 20:37:18.316477 - step 25 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:57 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 20:52:18.316477 - step 26 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:37:57 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 21:07:18.316477 - step 27 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:00 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 21:22:18.316477 - step 28 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:00 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 21:37:18.316477 - step 29 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:01 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 21:52:18.316477 - step 30 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:02 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 22:07:18.316477 - step 31 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:04 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 22:22:18.316477 - step 32 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:05 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 22:37:18.316477 - step 33 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:06 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 22:52:18.316477 - step 34 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:06 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 23:07:18.316477 - step 35 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:09 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 23:22:18.316477 - step 36 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:10 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 23:37:18.316477 - step 37 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:11 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 23:52:18.316477 - step 38 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:11 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 00:07:18.316477 - step 39 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:15 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 00:22:18.316477 - step 40 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:15 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 00:37:18.316477 - step 41 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:16 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 00:52:18.316477 - step 42 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:17 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 01:07:18.316477 - step 43 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:19 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 01:22:18.316477 - step 44 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:20 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 01:37:18.316477 - step 45 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:20 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 01:52:18.316477 - step 46 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:21 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 02:07:18.316477 - step 47 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:24 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 02:22:18.316477 - step 48 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:24 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 02:37:18.316477 - step 49 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:25 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 02:52:18.316477 - step 50 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:26 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 03:07:18.316477 - step 51 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:28 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 03:22:18.316477 - step 52 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:28 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 03:37:18.316477 - step 53 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:29 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 03:52:18.316477 - step 54 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:30 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 04:07:18.316477 - step 55 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:33 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 04:22:18.316477 - step 56 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:33 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 04:37:18.316477 - step 57 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:34 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 04:52:18.316477 - step 58 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:34 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 05:07:18.316477 - step 59 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:38 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 05:22:18.316477 - step 60 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:38 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 05:37:18.316477 - step 61 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:39 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 05:52:18.316477 - step 62 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:40 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 06:07:18.316477 - step 63 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:38:43 INFO    opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 06:22:18.316477 - step 64 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 7MB
Dimensions:                                   (trajectory: 2500, time: 33)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                (trajectory) int64 20kB 0 ... 2499
  * time                                      (time) datetime64[ns] 264B 2026...
Data variables: (12/22)
    status                                    (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    moving                                    (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    age_seconds                               (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    origin_marker                             (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    lon                                       (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    lat                                       (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    ...                                        ...
    horizontal_diffusivity                    (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_significant_height       (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level           (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    land_binary_mask                          (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
Attributes: (12/121)
    Conventions:                                                           CF...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                              CF...
    featureType:                                                           tr...
    title:                                                                 Op...
    summary:                                                               Ou...
    keywords:                                                              tr...
    ...                                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                  de...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                             point
    runtime:                                                               0:...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                               0.0
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                               0.0
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                          up

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • trajectory: 2500
  • time: 33
• Coordinates: (2)
  • trajectory
    (trajectory)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 ... 2496 2497 2498 2499

    cf_role :

    trajectory_id

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    array([   0,    1,    2, ..., 2497, 2498, 2499], shape=(2500,))

  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2026-06-23T14:37:18.316477 ... 2...

    standard_name :

    time

    long_name :

    time

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float64'>

    array(['2026-06-23T14:37:18.316477000', '2026-06-23T15:07:18.316477000',
           '2026-06-23T15:37:18.316477000', '2026-06-23T16:07:18.316477000',
           '2026-06-23T16:37:18.316477000', '2026-06-23T17:07:18.316477000',
           '2026-06-23T17:37:18.316477000', '2026-06-23T18:07:18.316477000',
           '2026-06-23T18:37:18.316477000', '2026-06-23T19:07:18.316477000',
           '2026-06-23T19:37:18.316477000', '2026-06-23T20:07:18.316477000',
           '2026-06-23T20:37:18.316477000', '2026-06-23T21:07:18.316477000',
           '2026-06-23T21:37:18.316477000', '2026-06-23T22:07:18.316477000',
           '2026-06-23T22:37:18.316477000', '2026-06-23T23:07:18.316477000',
           '2026-06-23T23:37:18.316477000', '2026-06-24T00:07:18.316477000',
           '2026-06-24T00:37:18.316477000', '2026-06-24T01:07:18.316477000',
           '2026-06-24T01:37:18.316477000', '2026-06-24T02:07:18.316477000',
           '2026-06-24T02:37:18.316477000', '2026-06-24T03:07:18.316477000',
           '2026-06-24T03:37:18.316477000', '2026-06-24T04:07:18.316477000',
           '2026-06-24T04:37:18.316477000', '2026-06-24T05:07:18.316477000',
           '2026-06-24T05:37:18.316477000', '2026-06-24T06:07:18.316477000',
           '2026-06-24T06:37:18.316477000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (22)
  • status
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    valid_range :

    [0 0]

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    active

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • moving
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    minval :

    1

    maxval :

    1

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • age_seconds
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 1.8e+03 ... 5.58e+04 5.76e+04

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    57600.0

    array([[    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 54000., 55800., 57600.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 54000., 55800., 57600.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 54000., 55800., 57600.],
           ...,
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 54000., 55800., 57600.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 54000., 55800., 57600.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 54000., 55800., 57600.]],
          shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • origin_marker
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    unit :

    description :

    An integer kept constant during the simulation. Different values may be used for different seedings, to separate elements during analysis. With GUI, only a single seeding is possible.

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    Seed_0

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • lon
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    5.0 4.996 4.993 ... 8.133 8.136

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    long_name :

    longitude

    axis :

    X

    minval :

    4.9311547

    maxval :

    8.161516

    array([[5.       , 4.996305 , 4.993474 , ..., 4.961076 , 4.962381 ,
            4.9645185],
           [5.0612245, 5.0573063, 5.054208 , ..., 5.018276 , 5.019239 ,
            5.021066 ],
           [5.122449 , 5.11814  , 5.114605 , ..., 5.0744953, 5.075083 ,
            5.0765743],
           ...,
           [7.877551 , 7.881926 , 7.886709 , ..., 7.9998226, 8.003454 ,
            8.006504 ],
           [7.9387755, 7.94334  , 7.948308 , ..., 8.067004 , 8.07101  ,
            8.074308 ],
           [8.       , 8.004649 , 8.009829 , ..., 8.128674 , 8.132841 ,
            8.136346 ]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    69.8 69.8 69.8 ... 70.81 70.81

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_north

    standard_name :

    latitude

    long_name :

    latitude

    axis :

    Y

    minval :

    69.74601

    maxval :

    70.81386

    array([[69.8     , 69.80042 , 69.80113 , ..., 69.80257 , 69.8041  ,
            69.805374],
           [69.8     , 69.8004  , 69.80109 , ..., 69.80317 , 69.80475 ,
            69.8061  ],
           [69.8     , 69.80037 , 69.801056, ..., 69.80392 , 69.80556 ,
            69.80699 ],
           ...,
           [70.8     , 70.80027 , 70.80044 , ..., 70.799545, 70.80007 ,
            70.80068 ],
           [70.8     , 70.800545, 70.800995, ..., 70.80526 , 70.805565,
            70.805954],
           [70.8     , 70.800835, 70.801544, ..., 70.80755 , 70.80765 ,
            70.80782 ]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    z

    long_name :

    vertical position

    axis :

    Z

    positive :

    up

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • wind_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02 0.02 0.02 ... 0.02 0.02 0.02

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements at surface are moved with this fraction of the vind vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    0.02

    maxval :

    0.02

    array([[0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           ...,
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02]],
          shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • current_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements are moved with this fraction of the current vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • terminal_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m/s

    description :

    Terminal rise/sinking velocity (buoyancy) in the ocean column

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • x_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.08332 -0.06566 ... 0.02397

    minval :

    -0.28306776

    maxval :

    0.3129301

    array([[-0.08332203, -0.06566188, -0.04494302, ...,  0.02309748,
             0.041935  ,  0.04960247],
           [-0.08785446, -0.07117121, -0.05131013, ...,  0.01573034,
             0.03494437,  0.04329424],
           [-0.09592554, -0.08032447, -0.06109941, ...,  0.00754759,
             0.02738655,  0.03648293],
           ...,
           [ 0.02021655,  0.03090101,  0.03777262, ...,  0.02779253,
             0.02283362,  0.02025766],
           [ 0.02312128,  0.03354044,  0.04115896, ...,  0.03325692,
             0.02599674,  0.0217988 ],
           [ 0.02314802,  0.03624209,  0.04638531, ...,  0.03459432,
             0.02851907,  0.02396646]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • y_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02132 0.03997 ... 0.01656 0.01832

    minval :

    -0.4711543

    maxval :

    0.1978634

    array([[0.02131961, 0.03996721, 0.05397529, ..., 0.09825263, 0.08365139,
            0.0745125 ],
           [0.01942035, 0.03878477, 0.05376009, ..., 0.1007923 , 0.0877542 ,
            0.07896676],
           [0.0171464 , 0.0380743 , 0.05488186, ..., 0.10430982, 0.09296788,
            0.08468279],
           ...,
           [0.03449615, 0.03068163, 0.02453433, ..., 0.0319657 , 0.03419514,
            0.03586781],
           [0.05084039, 0.04712109, 0.04116425, ..., 0.02485457, 0.02580991,
            0.02802517],
           [0.06812695, 0.0629786 , 0.05508498, ..., 0.01771179, 0.0165638 ,
            0.01831522]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -1.009 -0.911 ... -0.1838 -0.1702

    minval :

    -1.0595915

    maxval :

    -0.12482926

    array([[-1.0094744 , -0.9109609 , -0.8082205 , ..., -0.44406962,
            -0.403772  , -0.3908519 ],
           [-1.0088356 , -0.9101764 , -0.8072799 , ..., -0.44265124,
            -0.40228269, -0.38933042],
           [-1.0081134 , -0.90931475, -0.80627656, ..., -0.44127104,
            -0.4008294 , -0.38783926],
           ...,
           [-0.9552758 , -0.86928385, -0.7677839 , ..., -0.24509391,
            -0.1874213 , -0.17390177],
           [-0.95483387, -0.8684561 , -0.76681   , ..., -0.24355891,
            -0.18603782, -0.17238227],
           [-0.95400244, -0.8675756 , -0.7658373 , ..., -0.24178077,
            -0.18381572, -0.1702491 ]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • x_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 2.697 2.308 2.215

    minval :

    -1.0157406

    maxval :

    5.3832984

    array([[0.       , 0.       , 0.       , ..., 0.       , 0.       ,
            0.       ],
           [0.       , 0.       , 0.       , ..., 0.       , 0.       ,
            0.       ],
           [0.       , 0.       , 0.       , ..., 0.       , 0.       ,
            0.       ],
           ...,
           [3.3343337, 3.2418249, 3.2644465, ..., 2.4685419, 2.111716 ,
            1.9552909],
           [3.3951652, 3.2881098, 3.3141255, ..., 2.613601 , 2.231298 ,
            2.105471 ],
           [3.4469483, 3.3362541, 3.3688524, ..., 2.6974099, 2.307683 ,
            2.2149403]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • y_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 ... -0.3872 -0.2876

    minval :

    -3.8961208

    maxval :

    1.0371583

    array([[ 0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        , ...,  0.        ,
             0.        ,  0.        ],
           [ 0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        , ...,  0.        ,
             0.        ,  0.        ],
           [ 0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        , ...,  0.        ,
             0.        ,  0.        ],
           ...,
           [-0.84014744, -0.91339386, -0.95287585, ..., -0.05647225,
             0.14742553,  0.09921735],
           [-0.7941566 , -0.8830148 , -0.9048411 , ..., -0.354399  ,
            -0.16133207, -0.11705291],
           [-0.74731815, -0.84997267, -0.86087555, ..., -0.58817136,
            -0.3872213 , -0.28756124]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • upward_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 2.635e-05 1.885e-05

    minval :

    -0.011059436

    maxval :

    0.0017974906

    array([[0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ..., 0.0000000e+00,
            0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00],
           [0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ..., 0.0000000e+00,
            0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00],
           [0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ..., 0.0000000e+00,
            0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00],
           ...,
           [4.5600675e-05, 5.0831728e-05, 5.3156320e-05, ..., 3.7564907e-05,
            2.6347361e-05, 1.8847362e-05],
           [4.2435091e-05, 4.9999999e-05, 4.9999999e-05, ..., 3.7564907e-05,
            2.6347361e-05, 1.8847362e-05],
           [4.5947352e-05, 5.1720057e-05, 5.7027239e-05, ..., 3.5847141e-05,
            2.6347361e-05, 1.8847362e-05]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • horizontal_diffusivity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_significant_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.1347 0.1227

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.88938904

    array([[0.        , 0.        , 0.        , ..., 0.        , 0.        ,
            0.        ],
           [0.        , 0.        , 0.        , ..., 0.        , 0.        ,
            0.        ],
           [0.        , 0.        , 0.        , ..., 0.        , 0.        ,
            0.        ],
           ...,
           [0.29086122, 0.27905542, 0.28448874, ..., 0.14998344, 0.11023453,
            0.09429196],
           [0.2990826 , 0.285148  , 0.29033324, ..., 0.17113009, 0.12311607,
            0.10938904],
           [0.30602247, 0.29158488, 0.29742074, ..., 0.18750036, 0.1346934 ,
            0.12272084]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    3.238e+03 3.238e+03 ... 2.868e+03

    minval :

    2867.5833

    maxval :

    3241.7556

    array([[3237.6445, 3238.0083, 3238.269 , ..., 3241.5352, 3241.2761,
            3241.1187],
           [3231.7305, 3232.046 , 3232.2832, ..., 3235.6099, 3235.4214,
            3235.2966],
           [3226.8374, 3227.1602, 3227.4167, ..., 3230.461 , 3230.33  ,
            3230.2383],
           ...,
           [2909.3318, 2908.729 , 2908.083 , ..., 2890.812 , 2890.1326,
            2889.8245],
           [2900.6626, 2899.8752, 2899.0356, ..., 2878.7905, 2878.087 ,
            2877.7766],
           [2890.7188, 2889.8289, 2888.8652, ..., 2868.5447, 2867.879 ,
            2867.5833]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • land_binary_mask
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

• Indexes: (2)
  • trajectory
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([   0,    1,    2,    3,    4,    5,    6,    7,    8,    9,
           ...
           2490, 2491, 2492, 2493, 2494, 2495, 2496, 2497, 2498, 2499],
          dtype='int64', name='trajectory', length=2500))

  • time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2026-06-23 14:37:18.316477', '2026-06-23 15:07:18.316477',
                   '2026-06-23 15:37:18.316477', '2026-06-23 16:07:18.316477',
                   '2026-06-23 16:37:18.316477', '2026-06-23 17:07:18.316477',
                   '2026-06-23 17:37:18.316477', '2026-06-23 18:07:18.316477',
                   '2026-06-23 18:37:18.316477', '2026-06-23 19:07:18.316477',
                   '2026-06-23 19:37:18.316477', '2026-06-23 20:07:18.316477',
                   '2026-06-23 20:37:18.316477', '2026-06-23 21:07:18.316477',
                   '2026-06-23 21:37:18.316477', '2026-06-23 22:07:18.316477',
                   '2026-06-23 22:37:18.316477', '2026-06-23 23:07:18.316477',
                   '2026-06-23 23:37:18.316477', '2026-06-24 00:07:18.316477',
                   '2026-06-24 00:37:18.316477', '2026-06-24 01:07:18.316477',
                   '2026-06-24 01:37:18.316477', '2026-06-24 02:07:18.316477',
                   '2026-06-24 02:37:18.316477', '2026-06-24 03:07:18.316477',
                   '2026-06-24 03:37:18.316477', '2026-06-24 04:07:18.316477',
                   '2026-06-24 04:37:18.316477', '2026-06-24 05:07:18.316477',
                   '2026-06-24 05:37:18.316477', '2026-06-24 06:07:18.316477',
                   '2026-06-24 06:37:18.316477'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='time', freq='30min'))

• Attributes: (121)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.11, ACDD-1.3

  standard_name_vocabulary :

  CF Standard Name Table v85

  featureType :

  trajectory

  title :

  OpenDrift trajectory simulation

  summary :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift framework

  keywords :

  trajectory, drift, lagrangian, simulation

  history :

  Created 2026-06-23 14:37:22.501985

  date_created :

  2026-06-23T14:37:22.501993

  source :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift

  model_url :

  https://github.com/OpenDrift/opendrift

  opendrift_class :

  OceanDrift

  opendrift_module :

  opendrift.models.oceandrift

  readers :

  odict_keys(['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml', 'global_landmask'])

  time_coverage_start :

  2026-06-23 14:37:18.316477

  time_step_calculation :

  0:15:00

  time_step_output :

  0:30:00

  config_environment:constant:x_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:x_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:horizontal_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:horizontal_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  config_environment:constant:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  config_environment:constant:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:land_binary_mask :

  0.0

  config_general:use_auto_landmask :

  True

  config_drift:current_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:current_uncertainty_uniform :

  0

  config_drift:max_speed :

  2.0

  config_readers:max_number_of_fails :

  1

  config_general:simulation_name :

  config_general:coastline_action :

  stranding

  config_general:coastline_approximation_precision :

  0.001

  config_general:time_step_minutes :

  60

  config_general:time_step_output_minutes :

  None

  config_seed:ocean_only :

  True

  config_seed:number :

  1

  config_drift:max_age_seconds :

  None

  config_drift:advection_scheme :

  euler

  config_drift:profiles_depth :

  50

  config_drift:wind_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:relative_wind :

  False

  config_drift:deactivate_north_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_south_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_east_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_west_of :

  None

  config_seed:origin_marker :

  0

  config_seed:z :

  0

  config_seed:wind_drift_factor :

  0.02

  config_seed:current_drift_factor :

  1

  config_seed:terminal_velocity :

  0.0

  config_drift:vertical_advection :

  True

  config_drift:vertical_advection_at_surface :

  False

  config_drift:water_column_stretching :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_correction :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing_at_surface :

  False

  config_vertical_mixing:timestep :

  60

  config_vertical_mixing:diffusivitymodel :

  environment

  config_vertical_mixing:background_diffusivity :

  1.2e-05

  config_vertical_mixing:TSprofiles :

  False

  config_drift:wind_drift_depth :

  0.1

  config_drift:stokes_drift :

  True

  config_drift:stokes_drift_profile :

  Phillips

  config_drift:use_tabularised_stokes_drift :

  False

  config_drift:tabularised_stokes_drift_fetch :

  25000

  config_general:seafloor_action :

  lift_to_seafloor

  config_drift:truncate_ocean_model_below_m :

  None

  config_seed:seafloor :

  False

  opendrift_version :

  1.14.9

  seed_geojson :

  {"features": [], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

  simulation_time :

  2026-06-23 14:37:22.508893

  reader_x_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml']

  reader_y_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml']

  reader_sea_surface_height :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml']

  reader_x_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_upward_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_horizontal_diffusivity :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml']

  reader_land_binary_mask :

  ['global_landmask']

  time_coverage_end :

  2026-06-24 06:37:18.316477

  time_coverage_duration :

  P0DT16H0M0S

  time_coverage_resolution :

  P0DT0H15M0S

  performance :

  -------------------- Reader performance: -------------------- https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be 0:00:38.2 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:37.8 reading 0:00:00.3 interpolation 0:00:00.0 interpolation_time 0:00:00.3 rotating vectors 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml 0:00:41.3 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:41.2 reading 0:00:00.0 interpolation 0:00:00.0 interpolation_time 0:00:00.1 rotating vectors 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- global_landmask 0:00:00.0 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.0 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- Performance: 1:30.8 total time 9.6 configuration 0.0 preparing main loop 0.0 moving elements to ocean 1:21.2 main loop 0.1 updating elements 0.0 cleaning up --------------------

  geospatial_bounds_crs :

  EPSG:4326

  geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs :

  EPSG:5831

  geospatial_lat_min :

  69.74601

  geospatial_lat_max :

  70.81386

  geospatial_lat_units :

  degrees_north

  geospatial_lat_resolution :

  point

  geospatial_lon_min :

  4.9311547

  geospatial_lon_max :

  8.161516

  geospatial_lon_units :

  degrees_east

  geospatial_lon_resolution :

  point

  runtime :

  0:01:30.892115

  geospatial_vertical_min :

  0.0

  geospatial_vertical_max :

  0.0

  geospatial_vertical_positive :

  up

Print and plot results

print(o)
o.animation(fast=True)

===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
 0:00:38.2  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:37.8  reading
 0:00:00.3  interpolation
 0:00:00.0  interpolation_time
 0:00:00.3  rotating vectors
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml
 0:00:41.3  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:41.2  reading
 0:00:00.0  interpolation
 0:00:00.0  interpolation_time
 0:00:00.1  rotating vectors
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
global_landmask
 0:00:00.0  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:00.0  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
Performance:
 1:30.8 total time
    9.6 configuration
    0.0 preparing main loop
      0.0 moving elements to ocean
 1:21.2 main loop
      0.1 updating elements
    0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.9)
        2500 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  x_sea_water_velocity
  y_sea_water_velocity
     1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
     2) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml
  -----
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_wind
     1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  horizontal_diffusivity
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity

Discarded readers:

Time:
        Start: 2026-06-23 14:37:18.316477 UTC
        Present: 2026-06-24 06:37:18.316477 UTC
        Calculation steps: 64 * 0:15:00 - total time: 16:00:00
        Output steps: 33 * 0:30:00
===========================

14:38:43 WARNING opendrift:2574: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
14:38:44 INFO    opendrift:4777: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_reader_boundary_0.gif...
14:39:05 INFO    opendrift:3199: Time to make animation: 0:00:21.718256

o.plot(fast=True)

14:39:05 WARNING opendrift:2574: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.

(<GeoAxes: title={'center': 'OpenDrift - OceanDrift\n2026-06-23 14:37 to 2026-06-24 06:37 UTC (33 steps)'}>, <Figure size 941.805x1100 with 1 Axes>)