Reader boundary

Seeding elements around the border of a ocean model domain (NorKyst800) to demonstrate autmatic transition back and forth with another model covering a larger domain (Topaz).

import numpy as np
from opendrift.readers import reader_netCDF_CF_generic
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift

o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20)  # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information

# Norkyst
reader_norkyst = reader_netCDF_CF_generic.Reader('https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be')

# Topaz
reader_topaz = reader_netCDF_CF_generic.Reader('https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml')

o.add_reader([reader_norkyst, reader_topaz])
o.set_config('environment:fallback:land_binary_mask', 0)
o.set_config('drift:vertical_mixing', False)

08:57:58 INFO    opendrift:513: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.2 / v1.14.2-108-gbbc988b)
08:57:58 INFO    opendrift.readers:61: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
08:57:59 INFO    opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:332: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
08:57:59 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
08:57:59 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
08:57:59 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
08:57:59 INFO    opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
08:57:59 INFO    opendrift.readers:61: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
08:58:01 INFO    opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:332: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'x', 'y': 'y', 'time': 'time'}

Seeding some particles

lons = np.linspace(10.2, 12.2, 50)
lats = np.linspace(69.8, 70.8, 50)
lons, lats = np.meshgrid(lons, lats)

Seed oil elements at defined position and time

o.seed_elements(lons, lats, radius=0, number=2500,
                time=reader_topaz.start_time)

08:58:01 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:206: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
08:58:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:229: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
08:58:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
08:58:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
08:58:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
08:58:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000

Running model

o.run(steps=16*4, time_step=900, time_step_output=1800)

08:58:06 INFO    opendrift:1733: Skipping environment variable ocean_vertical_diffusivity because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
08:58:06 INFO    opendrift:1733: Skipping environment variable ocean_mixed_layer_thickness because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
08:58:06 INFO    opendrift:1744: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
08:58:06 INFO    opendrift:1744: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
08:58:06 INFO    opendrift:1752: Storing previous values of environment variable sea_surface_height because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', True]
08:58:06 INFO    opendrift:899: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
08:58:06 INFO    opendrift:929: All points are in ocean
08:58:06 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 00:00:00 - step 1 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:06 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 00:15:00 - step 2 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:07 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 00:30:00 - step 3 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:08 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 00:45:00 - step 4 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:08 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 01:00:00 - step 5 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:09 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 01:15:00 - step 6 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:10 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 01:30:00 - step 7 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:10 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 01:45:00 - step 8 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:11 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 02:00:00 - step 9 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:12 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 02:15:00 - step 10 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:12 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 02:30:00 - step 11 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:13 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 02:45:00 - step 12 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:14 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 03:00:00 - step 13 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:14 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 03:15:00 - step 14 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:15 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 03:30:00 - step 15 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:16 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 03:45:00 - step 16 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:16 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 04:00:00 - step 17 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:17 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 04:15:00 - step 18 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:18 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 04:30:00 - step 19 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:18 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 04:45:00 - step 20 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:19 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 05:00:00 - step 21 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:20 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 05:15:00 - step 22 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:20 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 05:30:00 - step 23 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:21 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 05:45:00 - step 24 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:22 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 06:00:00 - step 25 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:23 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 06:15:00 - step 26 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:23 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 06:30:00 - step 27 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:24 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 06:45:00 - step 28 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:24 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 07:00:00 - step 29 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:25 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 07:15:00 - step 30 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:26 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 07:30:00 - step 31 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:26 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 07:45:00 - step 32 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:27 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 08:00:00 - step 33 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:27 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 08:15:00 - step 34 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:28 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 08:30:00 - step 35 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:28 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 08:45:00 - step 36 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:29 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 09:00:00 - step 37 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:30 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 09:15:00 - step 38 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:31 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 09:30:00 - step 39 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:31 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 09:45:00 - step 40 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:32 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 10:00:00 - step 41 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:32 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 10:15:00 - step 42 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:33 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 10:30:00 - step 43 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:34 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 10:45:00 - step 44 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:35 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 11:00:00 - step 45 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:35 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 11:15:00 - step 46 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:36 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 11:30:00 - step 47 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:36 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 11:45:00 - step 48 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:37 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 12:00:00 - step 49 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:38 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 12:15:00 - step 50 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:38 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 12:30:00 - step 51 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:39 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 12:45:00 - step 52 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:39 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 13:00:00 - step 53 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:40 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 13:15:00 - step 54 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:40 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 13:30:00 - step 55 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:41 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 13:45:00 - step 56 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:42 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 14:00:00 - step 57 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:42 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 14:15:00 - step 58 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:43 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 14:30:00 - step 59 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:43 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 14:45:00 - step 60 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:44 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 15:00:00 - step 61 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:44 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 15:15:00 - step 62 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:45 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 15:30:00 - step 63 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
08:58:46 INFO    opendrift:2036: 2023-01-01 15:45:00 - step 64 of 64 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 7MB
Dimensions:                                   (trajectory: 2500, time: 33)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                (trajectory) int64 20kB 0 ... 2499
  * time                                      (time) datetime64[ns] 264B 2023...
Data variables: (12/21)
    status                                    (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    moving                                    (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    age_seconds                               (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    origin_marker                             (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    lon                                       (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    lat                                       (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    ...                                        ...
    upward_sea_water_velocity                 (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_significant_height       (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level           (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
    land_binary_mask                          (trajectory, time) float32 330kB ...
Attributes: (12/119)
    Conventions:                                                           CF...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                              CF...
    featureType:                                                           tr...
    title:                                                                 Op...
    summary:                                                               Ou...
    keywords:                                                              tr...
    ...                                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                  de...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                             point
    runtime:                                                               0:...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                               0.0
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                               0.0
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                          up

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • trajectory: 2500
  • time: 33
• Coordinates: (2)
  • trajectory
    (trajectory)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 ... 2496 2497 2498 2499

    cf_role :

    trajectory_id

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    array([   0,    1,    2, ..., 2497, 2498, 2499], shape=(2500,))

  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2023-01-01 ... 2023-01-01T16:00:00

    standard_name :

    time

    long_name :

    time

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float64'>

    array(['2023-01-01T00:00:00.000000000', '2023-01-01T00:30:00.000000000',
           '2023-01-01T01:00:00.000000000', '2023-01-01T01:30:00.000000000',
           '2023-01-01T02:00:00.000000000', '2023-01-01T02:30:00.000000000',
           '2023-01-01T03:00:00.000000000', '2023-01-01T03:30:00.000000000',
           '2023-01-01T04:00:00.000000000', '2023-01-01T04:30:00.000000000',
           '2023-01-01T05:00:00.000000000', '2023-01-01T05:30:00.000000000',
           '2023-01-01T06:00:00.000000000', '2023-01-01T06:30:00.000000000',
           '2023-01-01T07:00:00.000000000', '2023-01-01T07:30:00.000000000',
           '2023-01-01T08:00:00.000000000', '2023-01-01T08:30:00.000000000',
           '2023-01-01T09:00:00.000000000', '2023-01-01T09:30:00.000000000',
           '2023-01-01T10:00:00.000000000', '2023-01-01T10:30:00.000000000',
           '2023-01-01T11:00:00.000000000', '2023-01-01T11:30:00.000000000',
           '2023-01-01T12:00:00.000000000', '2023-01-01T12:30:00.000000000',
           '2023-01-01T13:00:00.000000000', '2023-01-01T13:30:00.000000000',
           '2023-01-01T14:00:00.000000000', '2023-01-01T14:30:00.000000000',
           '2023-01-01T15:00:00.000000000', '2023-01-01T15:30:00.000000000',
           '2023-01-01T16:00:00.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (21)
  • status
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    valid_range :

    [0 0]

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    active

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • moving
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    minval :

    1

    maxval :

    1

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • age_seconds
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 1.8e+03 ... 5.58e+04 5.76e+04

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    s

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    57600.0

    array([[    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 54000., 55800., 57600.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 54000., 55800., 57600.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 54000., 55800., 57600.],
           ...,
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 54000., 55800., 57600.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 54000., 55800., 57600.],
           [    0.,  1800.,  3600., ..., 54000., 55800., 57600.]],
          shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • origin_marker
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.int32'>

    unit :

    description :

    An integer kept constant during the simulation. Different values may be used for different seedings, to separate elements during analysis. With GUI, only a single seeding is possible.

    flag_values :

    [0]

    flag_meanings :

    Seed_0

    minval :

    0

    maxval :

    0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • lon
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    10.2 10.2 10.21 ... 12.22 12.22

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    long_name :

    longitude

    axis :

    X

    minval :

    10.2

    maxval :

    12.429711

    array([[10.2      , 10.203244 , 10.20694  , ..., 10.313264 , 10.318809 ,
            10.325464 ],
           [10.240816 , 10.244137 , 10.247902 , ..., 10.358608 , 10.364336 ,
            10.371168 ],
           [10.281632 , 10.284978 , 10.288766 , ..., 10.403853 , 10.409802 ,
            10.416853 ],
           ...,
           [12.118367 , 12.120519 , 12.122707 , ..., 12.138847 , 12.136102 ,
            12.1326685],
           [12.1591835, 12.161329 , 12.163479 , ..., 12.181072 , 12.178267 ,
            12.1747675],
           [12.2      , 12.202137 , 12.204239 , ..., 12.223894 , 12.221033 ,
            12.217491 ]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    69.8 69.8 69.8 ... 70.8 70.8 70.8

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    degrees_north

    standard_name :

    latitude

    long_name :

    latitude

    axis :

    Y

    minval :

    69.74431

    maxval :

    70.81431

    array([[69.8     , 69.80039 , 69.80078 , ..., 69.81435 , 69.81623 ,
            69.81808 ],
           [69.8     , 69.800415, 69.80083 , ..., 69.81503 , 69.816895,
            69.8187  ],
           [69.8     , 69.80044 , 69.80087 , ..., 69.81444 , 69.81622 ,
            69.81796 ],
           ...,
           [70.8     , 70.79975 , 70.79924 , ..., 70.79478 , 70.79434 ,
            70.79403 ],
           [70.8     , 70.79975 , 70.79924 , ..., 70.79584 , 70.795456,
            70.79523 ],
           [70.8     , 70.79975 , 70.79924 , ..., 70.796814, 70.79649 ,
            70.79636 ]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • z
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m

    standard_name :

    z

    long_name :

    vertical position

    axis :

    Z

    positive :

    up

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • wind_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02 0.02 0.02 ... 0.02 0.02 0.02

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements at surface are moved with this fraction of the vind vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    0.02

    maxval :

    0.02

    array([[0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           ...,
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
           [0.02, 0.02, 0.02, ..., 0.02, 0.02, 0.02]],
          shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • current_drift_factor
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    1

    description :

    Elements are moved with this fraction of the current vector, in addition to currents and Stokes drift

    minval :

    1.0

    maxval :

    1.0

    array([[1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           ...,
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.],
           [1., 1., 1., ..., 1., 1., 1.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • terminal_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    dtype :

    <class 'numpy.float32'>

    units :

    m/s

    description :

    Terminal rise/sinking velocity (buoyancy) in the ocean column

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • x_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.06701 0.07667 ... -0.0754

    minval :

    -0.10446804

    maxval :

    0.26260984

    array([[ 0.06701104,  0.07667433,  0.0868799 , ...,  0.11252728,
             0.13672774,  0.14811924],
           [ 0.06868979,  0.07818235,  0.08827011, ...,  0.11647236,
             0.14053735,  0.15187536],
           [ 0.06923887,  0.07867561,  0.08888403, ...,  0.12122221,
             0.14521892,  0.15654097],
           ...,
           [ 0.04318318,  0.04489401,  0.04324023, ..., -0.05227976,
            -0.06683314, -0.07327203],
           [ 0.04323737,  0.04427954,  0.04181982, ..., -0.05340498,
            -0.0681823 , -0.07462671],
           [ 0.04323459,  0.04351813,  0.04025802, ..., -0.05455793,
            -0.06916932, -0.07539716]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • y_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.02394 0.02402 ... -0.00542

    minval :

    -0.18955348

    maxval :

    0.22477014

    array([[ 0.02393698,  0.0240223 ,  0.02420283, ...,  0.11710837,
             0.11509103,  0.11316828],
           [ 0.02547353,  0.02541346,  0.02546941, ...,  0.11565945,
             0.11331104,  0.11129472],
           [ 0.0270949 ,  0.02702035,  0.02706861, ...,  0.1110242 ,
             0.10886145,  0.10699002],
           ...,
           [-0.0114068 , -0.02802706, -0.04262718, ..., -0.02898336,
            -0.02155962, -0.01655573],
           [-0.0112376 , -0.02803766, -0.04243293, ..., -0.02566339,
            -0.01691064, -0.01124823],
           [-0.01101525, -0.02795065, -0.04215201, ..., -0.02170883,
            -0.01170219, -0.00541951]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    -0.95 -0.9933 ... -0.6104 -0.565

    minval :

    -1.0345788

    maxval :

    0.043358877

    array([[-0.94997275, -0.9933068 , -1.0055646 , ..., -0.71502143,
            -0.62764   , -0.5777584 ],
           [-0.9489531 , -0.9924259 , -1.0048306 , ..., -0.7144657 ,
            -0.62702054, -0.577096  ],
           [-0.94767344, -0.9912959 , -1.003893  , ..., -0.7137593 ,
            -0.6261717 , -0.5761697 ],
           ...,
           [-0.85592765, -0.91008717, -0.935526  , ..., -0.6885876 ,
            -0.61060566, -0.56515   ],
           [-0.8559525 , -0.9102477 , -0.93579566, ..., -0.6885375 ,
            -0.61059886, -0.5651702 ],
           [-0.85590607, -0.91030276, -0.93590385, ..., -0.68835   ,
            -0.6104443 , -0.5650452 ]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • x_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • y_wind
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • upward_sea_water_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_significant_height
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    2.913e+03 2.913e+03 ... 2.54e+03

    minval :

    2538.7405

    maxval :

    2931.4875

    array([[2912.855 , 2912.901 , 2912.9624, ..., 2914.2078, 2914.2275,
            2914.254 ],
           [2913.6836, 2913.6973, 2913.7195, ..., 2915.8918, 2916.0024,
            2916.078 ],
           [2914.4844, 2914.501 , 2914.584 , ..., 2918.2   , 2918.3406,
            2918.4365],
           ...,
           [2542.1484, 2542.2617, 2542.4246, ..., 2543.897 , 2544.226 ,
            2544.3792],
           [2541.3418, 2541.3838, 2541.5222, ..., 2542.2258, 2542.486 ,
            2542.6045],
           [2539.8562, 2539.836 , 2539.905 , ..., 2539.5825, 2539.8777,
            2540.0193]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

  • land_binary_mask
    (trajectory, time)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    minval :

    0.0

    maxval :

    0.0

    array([[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           ...,
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
           [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], shape=(2500, 33), dtype=float32)

• Indexes: (2)
  • trajectory
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([   0,    1,    2,    3,    4,    5,    6,    7,    8,    9,
           ...
           2490, 2491, 2492, 2493, 2494, 2495, 2496, 2497, 2498, 2499],
          dtype='int64', name='trajectory', length=2500))

  • time
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2023-01-01 00:00:00', '2023-01-01 00:30:00',
                   '2023-01-01 01:00:00', '2023-01-01 01:30:00',
                   '2023-01-01 02:00:00', '2023-01-01 02:30:00',
                   '2023-01-01 03:00:00', '2023-01-01 03:30:00',
                   '2023-01-01 04:00:00', '2023-01-01 04:30:00',
                   '2023-01-01 05:00:00', '2023-01-01 05:30:00',
                   '2023-01-01 06:00:00', '2023-01-01 06:30:00',
                   '2023-01-01 07:00:00', '2023-01-01 07:30:00',
                   '2023-01-01 08:00:00', '2023-01-01 08:30:00',
                   '2023-01-01 09:00:00', '2023-01-01 09:30:00',
                   '2023-01-01 10:00:00', '2023-01-01 10:30:00',
                   '2023-01-01 11:00:00', '2023-01-01 11:30:00',
                   '2023-01-01 12:00:00', '2023-01-01 12:30:00',
                   '2023-01-01 13:00:00', '2023-01-01 13:30:00',
                   '2023-01-01 14:00:00', '2023-01-01 14:30:00',
                   '2023-01-01 15:00:00', '2023-01-01 15:30:00',
                   '2023-01-01 16:00:00'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='time', freq='30min'))

• Attributes: (119)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.11, ACDD-1.3

  standard_name_vocabulary :

  CF Standard Name Table v85

  featureType :

  trajectory

  title :

  OpenDrift trajectory simulation

  summary :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift framework

  keywords :

  trajectory, drift, lagrangian, simulation

  history :

  Created 2025-08-13 08:58:06.133454

  date_created :

  2025-08-13T08:58:06.133469

  source :

  Output from simulation with OpenDrift

  model_url :

  https://github.com/OpenDrift/opendrift

  opendrift_class :

  OceanDrift

  opendrift_module :

  opendrift.models.oceandrift

  readers :

  odict_keys(['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml', 'global_landmask'])

  time_coverage_start :

  2023-01-01 00:00:00

  time_step_calculation :

  0:15:00

  time_step_output :

  0:30:00

  config_environment:constant:x_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:x_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:x_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:y_wind :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:y_wind :

  0

  config_environment:constant:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:upward_sea_water_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_vertical_diffusivity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  config_environment:constant:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:ocean_mixed_layer_thickness :

  50

  config_environment:constant:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  10000

  config_environment:constant:land_binary_mask :

  None

  config_environment:fallback:land_binary_mask :

  0.0

  config_general:use_auto_landmask :

  True

  config_drift:current_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:current_uncertainty_uniform :

  0

  config_drift:max_speed :

  2.0

  config_readers:max_number_of_fails :

  1

  config_general:simulation_name :

  config_general:coastline_action :

  stranding

  config_general:coastline_approximation_precision :

  0.001

  config_general:time_step_minutes :

  60

  config_general:time_step_output_minutes :

  None

  config_seed:ocean_only :

  True

  config_seed:number :

  1

  config_drift:max_age_seconds :

  None

  config_drift:advection_scheme :

  euler

  config_drift:horizontal_diffusivity :

  0

  config_drift:profiles_depth :

  50

  config_drift:wind_uncertainty :

  0

  config_drift:relative_wind :

  False

  config_drift:deactivate_north_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_south_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_east_of :

  None

  config_drift:deactivate_west_of :

  None

  config_seed:origin_marker :

  0

  config_seed:z :

  0

  config_seed:wind_drift_factor :

  0.02

  config_seed:current_drift_factor :

  1

  config_seed:terminal_velocity :

  0.0

  config_drift:vertical_advection :

  True

  config_drift:vertical_advection_at_surface :

  False

  config_drift:water_column_stretching :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_advection_correction :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing :

  False

  config_drift:vertical_mixing_at_surface :

  False

  config_vertical_mixing:timestep :

  60

  config_vertical_mixing:diffusivitymodel :

  environment

  config_vertical_mixing:background_diffusivity :

  1.2e-05

  config_vertical_mixing:TSprofiles :

  False

  config_drift:wind_drift_depth :

  0.1

  config_drift:stokes_drift :

  True

  config_drift:stokes_drift_profile :

  Phillips

  config_drift:use_tabularised_stokes_drift :

  False

  config_drift:tabularised_stokes_drift_fetch :

  25000

  config_general:seafloor_action :

  lift_to_seafloor

  config_drift:truncate_ocean_model_below_m :

  None

  config_seed:seafloor :

  False

  opendrift_version :

  1.14.2

  seed_geojson :

  {"features": [], "type": "FeatureCollection"}

  simulation_time :

  2025-08-13 08:58:06.140498

  reader_x_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml']

  reader_y_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml']

  reader_sea_surface_height :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml']

  reader_x_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_y_wind :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_upward_sea_water_velocity :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be']

  reader_sea_surface_wave_significant_height :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity :

  0

  reader_sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level :

  ['https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be', 'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml']

  reader_land_binary_mask :

  ['global_landmask']

  time_coverage_end :

  2023-01-01 16:00:00

  time_coverage_duration :

  P0DT16H0M0S

  time_coverage_resolution :

  P0DT0H15M0S

  performance :

  -------------------- Reader performance: -------------------- https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be -------------------- https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml 0:00:39.0 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:38.7 reading 0:00:00.0 interpolation 0:00:00.0 interpolation_time 0:00:00.2 rotating vectors 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- global_landmask 0:00:00.0 total 0:00:00.0 preparing 0:00:00.0 reading 0:00:00.0 masking -------------------- Performance: 48.4 total time 7.9 configuration 0.0 preparing main loop 0.0 moving elements to ocean 40.5 main loop 0.1 updating elements 0.0 cleaning up --------------------

  geospatial_bounds_crs :

  EPSG:4326

  geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs :

  EPSG:5831

  geospatial_lat_min :

  69.74431

  geospatial_lat_max :

  70.81431

  geospatial_lat_units :

  degrees_north

  geospatial_lat_resolution :

  point

  geospatial_lon_min :

  10.2

  geospatial_lon_max :

  12.429711

  geospatial_lon_units :

  degrees_east

  geospatial_lon_resolution :

  point

  runtime :

  0:00:48.481087

  geospatial_vertical_min :

  0.0

  geospatial_vertical_max :

  0.0

  geospatial_vertical_positive :

  up

Print and plot results

print(o)
o.animation(fast=True)

===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml
 0:00:39.0  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:38.7  reading
 0:00:00.0  interpolation
 0:00:00.0  interpolation_time
 0:00:00.2  rotating vectors
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
global_landmask
 0:00:00.0  total
 0:00:00.0  preparing
 0:00:00.0  reading
 0:00:00.0  masking
--------------------
Performance:
   48.4 total time
    7.9 configuration
    0.0 preparing main loop
      0.0 moving elements to ocean
   40.5 main loop
      0.1 updating elements
    0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model:  OceanDrift     (OpenDrift version 1.14.2)
        2500 active Lagrangian3DArray particles  (0 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
  -----
  sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
  sea_surface_height
  x_sea_water_velocity
  y_sea_water_velocity
     1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
     2) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/cmems/topaz6/dataset-topaz6-arc-15min-3km-be.ncml
  -----
  upward_sea_water_velocity
  x_wind
  y_wind
     1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
  -----
  land_binary_mask
     1) global_landmask
  -----
Readers not added for the following variables:
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
  sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity

Discarded readers:

Time:
        Start: 2023-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
        Present: 2023-01-01 16:00:00 UTC
        Calculation steps: 64 * 0:15:00 - total time: 16:00:00
        Output steps: 33 * 0:30:00
===========================

08:58:46 WARNING opendrift:2392: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
08:58:48 INFO    opendrift:4560: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_reader_boundary_0.gif...
08:59:13 INFO    opendrift:3001: Time to make animation: 0:00:26.466387

o.plot(fast=True)

08:59:13 WARNING opendrift:2392: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.

(<GeoAxes: title={'center': 'OpenDrift - OceanDrift\n2023-01-01 00:00 to 2023-01-01 16:00 UTC (33 steps)'}>, <Figure size 765.013x1100 with 1 Axes>)