Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
2D simulation profile
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift
o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20) # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information
14:44:33 INFO opendrift:569: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.4 / v1.14.4-11-gcbd1acb)
Define some constant current, wind and Stokes drift
o.set_config('environment:fallback:x_wind', 7)
o.set_config('environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity', .1)
o.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity', .2)
o.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height', 2)
Seed elements between surface and 5m depth
time = datetime.utcnow()
z = -np.linspace(0, 5, 50)
o.seed_elements(lon=4.5, lat=60.0, z=z, radius=0, number=len(z), time=time)
/root/project/examples/example_2d.py:22: DeprecationWarning: datetime.datetime.utcnow() is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version. Use timezone-aware objects to represent datetimes in UTC: datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC).
time = datetime.utcnow()
14:44:33 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
14:44:37 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
14:44:37 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: x_sea_water_velocity: 0.100000
14:44:37 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:44:37 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_height: 0.000000
14:44:37 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: x_wind: 7.000000
14:44:37 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: y_wind: 0.000000
14:44:37 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:44:37 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
14:44:37 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 2.000000
14:44:37 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.200000
14:44:37 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
14:44:37 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
14:44:37 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
Running model for 6 hours
o.run(duration=timedelta(hours=6), time_step=600)
14:44:37 INFO opendrift:1787: Skipping environment variable ocean_vertical_diffusivity because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
14:44:37 INFO opendrift:1787: Skipping environment variable ocean_mixed_layer_thickness because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
14:44:37 INFO opendrift:1798: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:44:37 INFO opendrift:1798: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:44:37 INFO opendrift:1806: Storing previous values of environment variable sea_surface_height because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', True]
14:44:37 INFO opendrift:945: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
14:44:37 INFO opendrift:975: All points are in ocean
14:44:37 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 14:44:33.411042 - step 1 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:37 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 14:54:33.411042 - step 2 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:37 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 15:04:33.411042 - step 3 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:37 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 15:14:33.411042 - step 4 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:37 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 15:24:33.411042 - step 5 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:37 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 15:34:33.411042 - step 6 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:37 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 15:44:33.411042 - step 7 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 15:54:33.411042 - step 8 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 16:04:33.411042 - step 9 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 16:14:33.411042 - step 10 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 16:24:33.411042 - step 11 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 16:34:33.411042 - step 12 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 16:44:33.411042 - step 13 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 16:54:33.411042 - step 14 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 17:04:33.411042 - step 15 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 17:14:33.411042 - step 16 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 17:24:33.411042 - step 17 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 17:34:33.411042 - step 18 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 17:44:33.411042 - step 19 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 17:54:33.411042 - step 20 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 18:04:33.411042 - step 21 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 18:14:33.411042 - step 22 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 18:24:33.411042 - step 23 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 18:34:33.411042 - step 24 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 18:44:33.411042 - step 25 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 18:54:33.411042 - step 26 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 19:04:33.411042 - step 27 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 19:14:33.411042 - step 28 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 19:24:33.411042 - step 29 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 19:34:33.411042 - step 30 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 19:44:33.411042 - step 31 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 19:54:33.411042 - step 32 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 20:04:33.411042 - step 33 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 20:14:33.411042 - step 34 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 20:24:33.411042 - step 35 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:2094: 2025-10-23 20:34:33.411042 - step 36 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
To check that z is really kept constant for all particles
o.plot_property('z')

Vertical profile of advection. Note the decaying importance of Stokes drift, and the additional windage of the element at surface
o.animation_profile()
14:44:38 INFO opendrift:4623: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_2d_0.gif...
14:44:44 INFO opendrift:3274: Time to make animation: 0:00:05.701140

Total running time of the script: (0 minutes 20.760 seconds)