2D simulation profile

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from opendrift.models.oceandrift import OceanDrift

o = OceanDrift(loglevel=20)  # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information
07:25:02 INFO    opendrift:513: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.2 / v1.14.2-90-g1dd1995)

Define some constant current, wind and Stokes drift

o.set_config('environment:fallback:x_wind', 7)
o.set_config('environment:fallback:x_sea_water_velocity', .1)
o.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity', .2)
o.set_config('environment:fallback:sea_surface_wave_significant_height', 2)

Seed elements between surface and 5m depth

time = datetime.utcnow()
z = -np.linspace(0, 5, 50)
o.seed_elements(lon=4.5, lat=60.0, z=z, radius=0, number=len(z), time=time)
/root/project/examples/example_2d.py:22: DeprecationWarning: datetime.datetime.utcnow() is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version. Use timezone-aware objects to represent datetimes in UTC: datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC).
  time = datetime.utcnow()
07:25:02 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:206: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:229: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    x_sea_water_velocity: 0.100000
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    y_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_height: 0.000000
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    x_wind: 7.000000
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    y_wind: 0.000000
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.000000
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 2.000000
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.200000
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:232:    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000

Running model for 6 hours

o.run(duration=timedelta(hours=6), time_step=600)
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift:1732: Skipping environment variable ocean_vertical_diffusivity because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift:1732: Skipping environment variable ocean_mixed_layer_thickness because of condition ['drift:vertical_mixing', 'is', False]
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift:1743: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift:1743: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift:1751: Storing previous values of environment variable sea_surface_height because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', True]
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift:899: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift:928: All points are in ocean
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-17 07:25:02.180999 - step 1 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-17 07:35:02.180999 - step 2 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-17 07:45:02.180999 - step 3 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
07:25:06 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-17 07:55:02.180999 - step 4 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
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07:25:07 INFO    opendrift:2035: 2025-07-17 13:15:02.180999 - step 36 of 36 - 50 active elements (0 deactivated)
<xarray.Dataset> Size: 156kB
Dimensions:                                   (trajectory: 50, time: 37)
Coordinates:
  * trajectory                                (trajectory) int64 400B 0 1 ... 49
  * time                                      (time) datetime64[ns] 296B 2025...
Data variables: (12/21)
    status                                    (trajectory, time) float32 7kB ...
    moving                                    (trajectory, time) float32 7kB ...
    age_seconds                               (trajectory, time) float32 7kB ...
    origin_marker                             (trajectory, time) float32 7kB ...
    lon                                       (trajectory, time) float32 7kB ...
    lat                                       (trajectory, time) float32 7kB ...
    ...                                        ...
    upward_sea_water_velocity                 (trajectory, time) float32 7kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_significant_height       (trajectory, time) float32 7kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 7kB ...
    sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity  (trajectory, time) float32 7kB ...
    sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level           (trajectory, time) float32 7kB ...
    land_binary_mask                          (trajectory, time) float32 7kB ...
Attributes: (12/119)
    Conventions:                                                           CF...
    standard_name_vocabulary:                                              CF...
    featureType:                                                           tr...
    title:                                                                 Op...
    summary:                                                               Ou...
    keywords:                                                              tr...
    ...                                                                    ...
    geospatial_lon_units:                                                  de...
    geospatial_lon_resolution:                                             point
    runtime:                                                               0:...
    geospatial_vertical_min:                                               -5.0
    geospatial_vertical_max:                                               -0.0
    geospatial_vertical_positive:                                          up


To check that z is really kept constant for all particles

o.plot_property('z')
z

Vertical profile of advection. Note the decaying importance of Stokes drift, and the additional windage of the element at surface

o.animation_profile()
07:25:07 INFO    opendrift:4553: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_2d_0.gif...
07:25:13 INFO    opendrift:3204: Time to make animation: 0:00:05.998876
../_images/example_2d_0.gif

Total running time of the script: (0 minutes 17.753 seconds)

Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery