Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
Cone seeding
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from opendrift.readers import reader_netCDF_CF_generic
from opendrift.models.openoil import OpenOil
o = OpenOil(loglevel=20) # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information
14:33:21 INFO opendrift:569: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.9 / v1.14.9-78-ged5dc51)
Using live data from Thredds
o.add_readers_from_list([
'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be'])
Adjusting some configuration
o.set_config('processes:dispersion', True)
o.set_config('processes:evaporation', False)
o.set_config('processes:emulsification', True)
Seed elements along cone, e.g. ship track with increasing uncertainty in position
latstart = 68.988911
lonstart = 16.040701
latend = 69.991446
lonend = 17.760061
time = [datetime.utcnow(), datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(hours=12)]
o.seed_cone(lon=[lonstart, lonend], lat=[latstart, latend],
oil_type='EKOFISK', radius=[100, 800], number=10000, time=[time])
print(o)
/root/project/examples/example_cone.py:31: DeprecationWarning: datetime.datetime.utcnow() is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version. Use timezone-aware objects to represent datetimes in UTC: datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC).
time = [datetime.utcnow(), datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(hours=12)]
14:33:21 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_height: 0.000000
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: horizontal_diffusivity: 0.000000
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
14:33:25 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: EKOFISK
14:33:26 WARNING opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:90: Several oils found with name: EKOFISK: ['AD00328', 'AD00329', 'AD00332', 'AD00333', 'AD01944', 'AD02094', 'AD02463', 'AD02558', 'NO00013', 'NO00014', 'NO00015', 'NO00016'], using first.
14:33:26 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1731: Using density 809.002835 and viscosity 3.3498550728972226e-06 of oiltype EKOFISK
===========================
Model: OpenOil (OpenDrift version 1.14.9)
0 active Oil particles (0 deactivated, 10000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
horizontal_diffusivity
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_ice_area_fraction
sea_ice_x_velocity
sea_ice_y_velocity
sea_surface_height
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
sea_water_salinity
sea_water_temperature
upward_sea_water_velocity
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
Discarded readers:
===========================
Running model for 24 hours
o.run(steps=24*2, time_step=1800, time_step_output=3600)
14:33:26 INFO opendrift:1903: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
14:33:26 INFO opendrift:1914: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:33:26 INFO opendrift:1914: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:33:26 INFO opendrift:955: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
14:33:26 INFO opendrift:986: All points are in ocean
14:33:26 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:697: Oil-water surface tension is 0.027884 Nm
14:33:26 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:710: Max water fraction not available for EKOFISK, using default
14:33:26 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 14:33:21.976190 - step 1 of 48 - 417 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:33:26 INFO opendrift.readers:67: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
14:33:29 INFO opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:340: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
14:33:29 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:178: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
14:33:29 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:178: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
14:33:29 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:178: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
14:33:29 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:178: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
14:33:32 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 15:03:21.976190 - step 2 of 48 - 834 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:33:34 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 15:33:21.976190 - step 3 of 48 - 1250 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:33:34 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:34 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 16:03:21.976190 - step 4 of 48 - 1667 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:33:36 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:36 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 16:33:21.976190 - step 5 of 48 - 2084 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:33:36 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:36 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 17:03:21.976190 - step 6 of 48 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:33:38 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:38 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 17:33:21.976190 - step 7 of 48 - 2917 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:33:38 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:39 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 18:03:21.976190 - step 8 of 48 - 3334 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:33:40 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:41 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 18:33:21.976190 - step 9 of 48 - 3750 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:33:41 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:41 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 19:03:21.976190 - step 10 of 48 - 4167 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:33:43 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:43 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 19:33:21.976190 - step 11 of 48 - 4583 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:33:43 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:43 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 20:03:21.976190 - step 12 of 48 - 5000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:33:45 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:45 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 20:33:21.976190 - step 13 of 48 - 5417 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:33:47 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:47 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 21:03:21.976190 - step 14 of 48 - 5833 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:33:50 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:51 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 21:33:21.976190 - step 15 of 48 - 6245 active elements (5 deactivated)
14:33:51 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:51 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 22:03:21.976190 - step 16 of 48 - 6649 active elements (18 deactivated)
14:33:55 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:55 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 22:33:21.976190 - step 17 of 48 - 7049 active elements (34 deactivated)
14:33:55 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:55 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 23:03:21.976190 - step 18 of 48 - 7434 active elements (66 deactivated)
14:33:58 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:58 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-23 23:33:21.976190 - step 19 of 48 - 7838 active elements (78 deactivated)
14:33:58 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:33:59 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 00:03:21.976190 - step 20 of 48 - 8234 active elements (99 deactivated)
14:34:00 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:34:01 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 00:33:21.976190 - step 21 of 48 - 8634 active elements (116 deactivated)
14:34:01 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:34:01 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 01:03:21.976190 - step 22 of 48 - 9035 active elements (131 deactivated)
14:34:03 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:34:03 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 01:33:21.976190 - step 23 of 48 - 9447 active elements (136 deactivated)
14:34:03 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:34:04 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 02:03:21.976190 - step 24 of 48 - 9855 active elements (145 deactivated)
14:34:06 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:34:06 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 02:33:21.976190 - step 25 of 48 - 9851 active elements (149 deactivated)
14:34:06 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:34:06 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 03:03:21.976190 - step 26 of 48 - 9843 active elements (157 deactivated)
14:34:08 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 03:33:21.976190 - step 27 of 48 - 9837 active elements (163 deactivated)
14:34:09 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 04:03:21.976190 - step 28 of 48 - 9828 active elements (172 deactivated)
14:34:11 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 04:33:21.976190 - step 29 of 48 - 9822 active elements (178 deactivated)
14:34:11 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 05:03:21.976190 - step 30 of 48 - 9810 active elements (190 deactivated)
14:34:14 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 05:33:21.976190 - step 31 of 48 - 9806 active elements (194 deactivated)
14:34:14 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 06:03:21.976190 - step 32 of 48 - 9793 active elements (207 deactivated)
14:34:16 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 06:33:21.976190 - step 33 of 48 - 9775 active elements (225 deactivated)
14:34:16 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 07:03:21.976190 - step 34 of 48 - 9760 active elements (240 deactivated)
14:34:19 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 07:33:21.976190 - step 35 of 48 - 9745 active elements (255 deactivated)
14:34:19 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 08:03:21.976190 - step 36 of 48 - 9734 active elements (266 deactivated)
14:34:21 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 08:33:21.976190 - step 37 of 48 - 9702 active elements (298 deactivated)
14:34:21 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 09:03:21.976190 - step 38 of 48 - 9681 active elements (319 deactivated)
14:34:24 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 09:33:21.976190 - step 39 of 48 - 9667 active elements (333 deactivated)
14:34:24 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 10:03:21.976190 - step 40 of 48 - 9654 active elements (346 deactivated)
14:34:27 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 10:33:21.976190 - step 41 of 48 - 9642 active elements (358 deactivated)
14:34:27 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 11:03:21.976190 - step 42 of 48 - 9634 active elements (366 deactivated)
14:34:29 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 11:33:21.976190 - step 43 of 48 - 9629 active elements (371 deactivated)
14:34:30 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 12:03:21.976190 - step 44 of 48 - 9623 active elements (377 deactivated)
14:34:32 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 12:33:21.976190 - step 45 of 48 - 9614 active elements (386 deactivated)
14:34:32 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 13:03:21.976190 - step 46 of 48 - 9605 active elements (395 deactivated)
14:34:34 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 13:33:21.976190 - step 47 of 48 - 9595 active elements (405 deactivated)
14:34:35 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-06-24 14:03:21.976190 - step 48 of 48 - 9577 active elements (423 deactivated)
Print and plot results
print(o)
===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
global_landmask
0:00:01.4 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:01.4 reading
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
0:00:56.6 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:55.5 reading
0:00:03.8 interpolation
0:00:00.1 interpolation_time
0:00:01.0 rotating vectors
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
Performance:
1:15.7 total time
4.0 configuration
0.0 preparing main loop
0.0 moving elements to ocean
1:11.6 main loop
5.4 updating elements
0.0 oil weathering
0.0 updating viscosities
0.0 updating densities
0.0 emulsification
0.0 dispersion
4.8 vertical mixing
0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model: OpenOil (OpenDrift version 1.14.9)
9561 active Oil particles (439 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_surface_height
sea_water_salinity
sea_water_temperature
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
horizontal_diffusivity
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
sea_ice_area_fraction
sea_ice_x_velocity
sea_ice_y_velocity
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
Discarded readers:
Time:
Start: 2026-06-23 14:33:21.976190 UTC
Present: 2026-06-24 14:33:21.976190 UTC
Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
Output steps: 25 * 1:00:00
===========================
Add text label on the map
text = [{'s': 'Senja', 'x': 17.3, 'y': 69.3, 'fontsize': 20, 'color': 'g',
'backgroundcolor': 'white', 'bbox': dict(facecolor='white', alpha=0.8), 'zorder': 1000}]
o.animation(fast=False, ocean_color='skyblue', land_color='burlywood', text=text)
14:34:48 INFO opendrift:4777: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_cone_0.gif...
14:35:02 INFO opendrift:3199: Time to make animation: 0:00:24.317723
o.plot(fast=True, ocean_color='skyblue', land_color='dimgray', text=text)
14:35:02 WARNING opendrift:2574: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
(<GeoAxes: title={'center': 'OpenDrift - OpenOil (EKOFISK)\n2026-06-23 14:33 to 2026-06-24 14:33 UTC (25 steps)'}>, <Figure size 748.949x1100 with 1 Axes>)
Total running time of the script: (2 minutes 6.314 seconds)