Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
Cone seeding
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from opendrift.readers import reader_netCDF_CF_generic
from opendrift.models.openoil import OpenOil
o = OpenOil(loglevel=20) # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information
11:35:14 INFO opendrift:576: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.6 / v1.14.6-7-g47225a3)
Using live data from Thredds
o.add_readers_from_list([
'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be'])
Adjusting some configuration
o.set_config('processes:dispersion', True)
o.set_config('processes:evaporation', False)
o.set_config('processes:emulsification', True)
Seed elements along cone, e.g. ship track with increasing uncertainty in position
latstart = 68.988911
lonstart = 16.040701
latend = 69.991446
lonend = 17.760061
time = [datetime.utcnow(), datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(hours=12)]
o.seed_cone(lon=[lonstart, lonend], lat=[latstart, latend],
oil_type='EKOFISK', radius=[100, 800], number=10000, time=[time])
print(o)
/root/project/examples/example_cone.py:31: DeprecationWarning: datetime.datetime.utcnow() is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version. Use timezone-aware objects to represent datetimes in UTC: datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC).
time = [datetime.utcnow(), datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(hours=12)]
11:35:14 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_height: 0.000000
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: EKOFISK
11:35:20 WARNING opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:90: Several oils found with name: EKOFISK: ['AD00328', 'AD00329', 'AD00332', 'AD00333', 'AD01944', 'AD02094', 'AD02463', 'AD02558', 'NO00013', 'NO00014', 'NO00015', 'NO00016'], using first.
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1717: Using density 809.002835 and viscosity 3.3498550728972226e-06 of oiltype EKOFISK
===========================
Model: OpenOil (OpenDrift version 1.14.6)
0 active Oil particles (0 deactivated, 10000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_ice_area_fraction
sea_ice_x_velocity
sea_ice_y_velocity
sea_surface_height
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
sea_water_salinity
sea_water_temperature
upward_sea_water_velocity
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
Discarded readers:
===========================
Running model for 24 hours
o.run(steps=24*2, time_step=1800, time_step_output=3600)
11:35:20 INFO opendrift:1794: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
11:35:20 INFO opendrift:1805: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
11:35:20 INFO opendrift:1805: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
11:35:20 INFO opendrift:952: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
11:35:20 INFO opendrift:982: All points are in ocean
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:692: Oil-water surface tension is 0.027884 Nm
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:705: Max water fraction not available for EKOFISK, using default
11:35:20 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 11:35:14.898347 - step 1 of 48 - 417 active elements (0 deactivated)
11:35:20 INFO opendrift.readers:63: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
11:35:21 INFO opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:332: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
11:35:21 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
11:35:21 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
11:35:21 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
11:35:21 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
11:35:27 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 12:05:14.898347 - step 2 of 48 - 834 active elements (0 deactivated)
11:35:29 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 12:35:14.898347 - step 3 of 48 - 1250 active elements (0 deactivated)
11:35:29 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:29 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 13:05:14.898347 - step 4 of 48 - 1667 active elements (0 deactivated)
11:35:31 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:31 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 13:35:14.898347 - step 5 of 48 - 2084 active elements (0 deactivated)
11:35:31 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:31 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 14:05:14.898347 - step 6 of 48 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
11:35:33 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:33 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 14:35:14.898347 - step 7 of 48 - 2917 active elements (0 deactivated)
11:35:33 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:33 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 15:05:14.898347 - step 8 of 48 - 3334 active elements (0 deactivated)
11:35:35 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:35 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 15:35:14.898347 - step 9 of 48 - 3750 active elements (0 deactivated)
11:35:35 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:36 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 16:05:14.898347 - step 10 of 48 - 4167 active elements (0 deactivated)
11:35:37 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:38 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 16:35:14.898347 - step 11 of 48 - 4583 active elements (0 deactivated)
11:35:38 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:38 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 17:05:14.898347 - step 12 of 48 - 5000 active elements (0 deactivated)
11:35:40 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:40 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 17:35:14.898347 - step 13 of 48 - 5417 active elements (0 deactivated)
11:35:42 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:43 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 18:05:14.898347 - step 14 of 48 - 5826 active elements (7 deactivated)
11:35:46 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:46 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 18:35:14.898347 - step 15 of 48 - 6243 active elements (7 deactivated)
11:35:46 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:47 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 19:05:14.898347 - step 16 of 48 - 6660 active elements (7 deactivated)
11:35:49 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:50 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 19:35:14.898347 - step 17 of 48 - 7072 active elements (11 deactivated)
11:35:50 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:50 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 20:05:14.898347 - step 18 of 48 - 7486 active elements (14 deactivated)
11:35:54 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:54 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 20:35:14.898347 - step 19 of 48 - 7899 active elements (17 deactivated)
11:35:54 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:54 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 21:05:14.898347 - step 20 of 48 - 8316 active elements (17 deactivated)
11:35:57 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:57 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 21:35:14.898347 - step 21 of 48 - 8722 active elements (28 deactivated)
11:35:57 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:35:58 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 22:05:14.898347 - step 22 of 48 - 9133 active elements (33 deactivated)
11:36:00 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:36:00 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 22:35:14.898347 - step 23 of 48 - 9550 active elements (33 deactivated)
11:36:00 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:36:01 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 23:05:14.898347 - step 24 of 48 - 9967 active elements (33 deactivated)
11:36:03 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:36:04 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-06 23:35:14.898347 - step 25 of 48 - 9965 active elements (35 deactivated)
11:36:04 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
11:36:04 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 00:05:14.898347 - step 26 of 48 - 9964 active elements (36 deactivated)
11:36:08 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 00:35:14.898347 - step 27 of 48 - 9963 active elements (37 deactivated)
11:36:08 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 01:05:14.898347 - step 28 of 48 - 9958 active elements (42 deactivated)
11:36:11 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 01:35:14.898347 - step 29 of 48 - 9952 active elements (48 deactivated)
11:36:12 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 02:05:14.898347 - step 30 of 48 - 9950 active elements (50 deactivated)
11:36:15 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 02:35:14.898347 - step 31 of 48 - 9949 active elements (51 deactivated)
11:36:16 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 03:05:14.898347 - step 32 of 48 - 9944 active elements (56 deactivated)
11:36:19 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 03:35:14.898347 - step 33 of 48 - 9941 active elements (59 deactivated)
11:36:20 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 04:05:14.898347 - step 34 of 48 - 9939 active elements (61 deactivated)
11:36:23 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 04:35:14.898347 - step 35 of 48 - 9937 active elements (63 deactivated)
11:36:24 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 05:05:14.898347 - step 36 of 48 - 9934 active elements (66 deactivated)
11:36:27 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 05:35:14.898347 - step 37 of 48 - 9932 active elements (68 deactivated)
11:36:28 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 06:05:14.898347 - step 38 of 48 - 9930 active elements (70 deactivated)
11:36:31 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 06:35:14.898347 - step 39 of 48 - 9928 active elements (72 deactivated)
11:36:32 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 07:05:14.898347 - step 40 of 48 - 9923 active elements (77 deactivated)
11:36:36 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 07:35:14.898347 - step 41 of 48 - 9920 active elements (80 deactivated)
11:36:37 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 08:05:14.898347 - step 42 of 48 - 9918 active elements (82 deactivated)
11:36:40 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 08:35:14.898347 - step 43 of 48 - 9915 active elements (85 deactivated)
11:36:41 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 09:05:14.898347 - step 44 of 48 - 9910 active elements (90 deactivated)
11:36:44 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 09:35:14.898347 - step 45 of 48 - 9899 active elements (101 deactivated)
11:36:44 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 10:05:14.898347 - step 46 of 48 - 9890 active elements (110 deactivated)
11:36:47 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 10:35:14.898347 - step 47 of 48 - 9883 active elements (117 deactivated)
11:36:48 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-07 11:05:14.898347 - step 48 of 48 - 9873 active elements (127 deactivated)
Print and plot results
print(o)
===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
global_landmask
0:00:01.5 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:01.5 reading
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
0:01:14.9 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:01:13.7 reading
0:00:05.2 interpolation
0:00:00.1 interpolation_time
0:00:01.2 rotating vectors
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
Performance:
1:36.6 total time
5.3 configuration
0.0 preparing main loop
0.0 moving elements to ocean
1:31.3 main loop
7.9 updating elements
0.0 oil weathering
0.0 updating viscosities
0.0 updating densities
0.0 emulsification
0.0 dispersion
7.2 vertical mixing
0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model: OpenOil (OpenDrift version 1.14.6)
9853 active Oil particles (147 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_surface_height
sea_water_salinity
sea_water_temperature
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
sea_ice_area_fraction
sea_ice_x_velocity
sea_ice_y_velocity
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
Discarded readers:
Time:
Start: 2025-11-06 11:35:14.898347 UTC
Present: 2025-11-07 11:35:14.898347 UTC
Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
Output steps: 25 * 1:00:00
===========================
Add text label on the map
text = [{'s': 'Senja', 'x': 17.3, 'y': 69.3, 'fontsize': 20, 'color': 'g',
'backgroundcolor': 'white', 'bbox': dict(facecolor='white', alpha=0.8), 'zorder': 1000}]
o.animation(fast=False, ocean_color='skyblue', land_color='burlywood', text=text)
11:37:04 INFO opendrift:4636: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_cone_0.gif...
11:37:19 INFO opendrift:3071: Time to make animation: 0:00:27.724475
o.plot(fast=True, ocean_color='skyblue', land_color='dimgray', text=text)
11:37:19 WARNING opendrift:2460: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
(<GeoAxes: title={'center': 'OpenDrift - OpenOil (EKOFISK)\n2025-11-06 11:35 to 2025-11-07 11:35 UTC (25 steps)'}>, <Figure size 696.272x1100 with 1 Axes>)
Total running time of the script: (2 minutes 32.851 seconds)