Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
Cone seeding
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from opendrift.readers import reader_netCDF_CF_generic
from opendrift.models.openoil import OpenOil
o = OpenOil(loglevel=20) # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information
09:22:02 INFO opendrift:576: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.7 / v1.14.7-2-g52ef046)
Using live data from Thredds
o.add_readers_from_list([
'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be'])
Adjusting some configuration
o.set_config('processes:dispersion', True)
o.set_config('processes:evaporation', False)
o.set_config('processes:emulsification', True)
Seed elements along cone, e.g. ship track with increasing uncertainty in position
latstart = 68.988911
lonstart = 16.040701
latend = 69.991446
lonend = 17.760061
time = [datetime.utcnow(), datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(hours=12)]
o.seed_cone(lon=[lonstart, lonend], lat=[latstart, latend],
oil_type='EKOFISK', radius=[100, 800], number=10000, time=[time])
print(o)
/root/project/examples/example_cone.py:31: DeprecationWarning: datetime.datetime.utcnow() is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version. Use timezone-aware objects to represent datetimes in UTC: datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC).
time = [datetime.utcnow(), datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(hours=12)]
09:22:02 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_height: 0.000000
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: EKOFISK
09:22:06 WARNING opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:90: Several oils found with name: EKOFISK: ['AD00328', 'AD00329', 'AD00332', 'AD00333', 'AD01944', 'AD02094', 'AD02463', 'AD02558', 'NO00013', 'NO00014', 'NO00015', 'NO00016'], using first.
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1717: Using density 809.002835 and viscosity 3.3498550728972226e-06 of oiltype EKOFISK
===========================
Model: OpenOil (OpenDrift version 1.14.7)
0 active Oil particles (0 deactivated, 10000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_ice_area_fraction
sea_ice_x_velocity
sea_ice_y_velocity
sea_surface_height
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
sea_water_salinity
sea_water_temperature
upward_sea_water_velocity
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
Discarded readers:
===========================
Running model for 24 hours
o.run(steps=24*2, time_step=1800, time_step_output=3600)
09:22:06 INFO opendrift:1803: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
09:22:06 INFO opendrift:1814: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
09:22:06 INFO opendrift:1814: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
09:22:06 INFO opendrift:952: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
09:22:06 INFO opendrift:982: All points are in ocean
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:692: Oil-water surface tension is 0.027884 Nm
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:705: Max water fraction not available for EKOFISK, using default
09:22:06 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 09:22:02.569821 - step 1 of 48 - 417 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:06 INFO opendrift.readers:63: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
09:22:08 INFO opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:332: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
09:22:08 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
09:22:08 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
09:22:08 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
09:22:08 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
09:22:15 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 09:52:02.569821 - step 2 of 48 - 834 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:15 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 10:22:02.569821 - step 3 of 48 - 1250 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:19 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:19 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 10:52:02.569821 - step 4 of 48 - 1667 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:19 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:19 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 11:22:02.569821 - step 5 of 48 - 2084 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:23 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:23 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 11:52:02.569821 - step 6 of 48 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:23 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:23 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 12:22:02.569821 - step 7 of 48 - 2917 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:28 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:28 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 12:52:02.569821 - step 8 of 48 - 3334 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:28 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:28 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 13:22:02.569821 - step 9 of 48 - 3750 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:34 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:34 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 13:52:02.569821 - step 10 of 48 - 4167 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:34 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:34 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 14:22:02.569821 - step 11 of 48 - 4583 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:40 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:40 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 14:52:02.569821 - step 12 of 48 - 5000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:40 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:40 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 15:22:02.569821 - step 13 of 48 - 5417 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:43 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:43 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 15:52:02.569821 - step 14 of 48 - 5833 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:43 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:43 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 16:22:02.569821 - step 15 of 48 - 6250 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:47 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:47 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 16:52:02.569821 - step 16 of 48 - 6667 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:47 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:47 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 17:22:02.569821 - step 17 of 48 - 7083 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:50 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:50 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 17:52:02.569821 - step 18 of 48 - 7500 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:50 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:51 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 18:22:02.569821 - step 19 of 48 - 7916 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:54 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:55 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 18:52:02.569821 - step 20 of 48 - 8333 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:55 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:55 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 19:22:02.569821 - step 21 of 48 - 8750 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:59 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:22:59 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 19:52:02.569821 - step 22 of 48 - 9166 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:22:59 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:23:00 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 20:22:02.569821 - step 23 of 48 - 9583 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:23:03 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:23:04 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 20:52:02.569821 - step 24 of 48 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:23:04 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:23:04 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 21:22:02.569821 - step 25 of 48 - 10000 active elements (0 deactivated)
09:23:11 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:23:12 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 21:52:02.569821 - step 26 of 48 - 9999 active elements (1 deactivated)
09:23:12 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
09:23:13 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 22:22:02.569821 - step 27 of 48 - 9995 active elements (5 deactivated)
09:23:17 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 22:52:02.569821 - step 28 of 48 - 9980 active elements (20 deactivated)
09:23:17 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 23:22:02.569821 - step 29 of 48 - 9938 active elements (62 deactivated)
09:23:25 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-05 23:52:02.569821 - step 30 of 48 - 9908 active elements (92 deactivated)
09:23:25 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 00:22:02.569821 - step 31 of 48 - 9877 active elements (123 deactivated)
09:23:31 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 00:52:02.569821 - step 32 of 48 - 9841 active elements (159 deactivated)
09:23:32 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 01:22:02.569821 - step 33 of 48 - 9803 active elements (197 deactivated)
09:23:37 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 01:52:02.569821 - step 34 of 48 - 9736 active elements (264 deactivated)
09:23:37 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 02:22:02.569821 - step 35 of 48 - 9655 active elements (345 deactivated)
09:23:42 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 02:52:02.569821 - step 36 of 48 - 9572 active elements (428 deactivated)
09:23:42 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 03:22:02.569821 - step 37 of 48 - 9489 active elements (511 deactivated)
09:23:47 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 03:52:02.569821 - step 38 of 48 - 9407 active elements (593 deactivated)
09:23:47 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 04:22:02.569821 - step 39 of 48 - 9322 active elements (678 deactivated)
09:23:54 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 04:52:02.569821 - step 40 of 48 - 9249 active elements (751 deactivated)
09:23:55 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 05:22:02.569821 - step 41 of 48 - 9177 active elements (823 deactivated)
09:24:03 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.variables:656: Invalid values (1.0344942 to 1.0993733) found for ocean_vertical_diffusivity, replacing with NaN
09:24:03 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.variables:659: (allowed range: [0, 1])
09:24:03 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 05:52:02.569821 - step 42 of 48 - 9118 active elements (882 deactivated)
09:24:04 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 06:22:02.569821 - step 43 of 48 - 9070 active elements (930 deactivated)
09:24:07 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.variables:656: Invalid values (1.0112599 to 1.1069021) found for ocean_vertical_diffusivity, replacing with NaN
09:24:07 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.variables:659: (allowed range: [0, 1])
09:24:07 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 06:52:02.569821 - step 44 of 48 - 9024 active elements (976 deactivated)
09:24:07 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 07:22:02.569821 - step 45 of 48 - 8978 active elements (1022 deactivated)
09:24:10 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.variables:656: Invalid values (1.0061426 to 1.0614861) found for ocean_vertical_diffusivity, replacing with NaN
09:24:10 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.variables:659: (allowed range: [0, 1])
09:24:11 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 07:52:02.569821 - step 46 of 48 - 8934 active elements (1066 deactivated)
09:24:11 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 08:22:02.569821 - step 47 of 48 - 8899 active elements (1101 deactivated)
09:24:15 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.variables:656: Invalid values (1.0284677 to 1.1904248) found for ocean_vertical_diffusivity, replacing with NaN
09:24:15 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.variables:659: (allowed range: [0, 1])
09:24:15 INFO opendrift:2111: 2025-12-06 08:52:02.569821 - step 48 of 48 - 8869 active elements (1131 deactivated)
Print and plot results
print(o)
===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
global_landmask
0:00:01.5 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:01.5 reading
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
0:01:55.5 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:01:54.4 reading
0:00:05.1 interpolation
0:00:00.1 interpolation_time
0:00:01.1 rotating vectors
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
Performance:
2:13.1 total time
4.0 configuration
0.0 preparing main loop
0.0 moving elements to ocean
2:09.0 main loop
5.8 updating elements
0.0 oil weathering
0.0 updating viscosities
0.0 updating densities
0.0 emulsification
0.0 dispersion
5.1 vertical mixing
0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model: OpenOil (OpenDrift version 1.14.7)
8825 active Oil particles (1175 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_surface_height
sea_water_salinity
sea_water_temperature
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
sea_ice_area_fraction
sea_ice_x_velocity
sea_ice_y_velocity
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
Discarded readers:
Time:
Start: 2025-12-05 09:22:02.569821 UTC
Present: 2025-12-06 09:22:02.569821 UTC
Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
Output steps: 25 * 1:00:00
===========================
Add text label on the map
text = [{'s': 'Senja', 'x': 17.3, 'y': 69.3, 'fontsize': 20, 'color': 'g',
'backgroundcolor': 'white', 'bbox': dict(facecolor='white', alpha=0.8), 'zorder': 1000}]
o.animation(fast=False, ocean_color='skyblue', land_color='burlywood', text=text)
09:24:27 INFO opendrift:4656: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_cone_0.gif...
09:24:44 INFO opendrift:3091: Time to make animation: 0:00:28.433960
o.plot(fast=True, ocean_color='skyblue', land_color='dimgray', text=text)
09:24:44 WARNING opendrift:2473: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
(<GeoAxes: title={'center': 'OpenDrift - OpenOil (EKOFISK)\n2025-12-05 09:22 to 2025-12-06 09:22 UTC (25 steps)'}>, <Figure size 699.394x1100 with 1 Axes>)
Total running time of the script: (3 minutes 6.889 seconds)