Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
Cone seeding
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from opendrift.readers import reader_netCDF_CF_generic
from opendrift.models.openoil import OpenOil
o = OpenOil(loglevel=20) # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information
13:26:25 INFO opendrift:569: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.10 / v1.14.10-27-gff3ada1)
Using live data from Thredds
o.add_readers_from_list([
'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be'])
Adjusting some configuration
o.set_config('processes:dispersion', True)
o.set_config('processes:evaporation', False)
o.set_config('processes:emulsification', True)
Seed elements along cone, e.g. ship track with increasing uncertainty in position
latstart = 68.988911
lonstart = 16.040701
latend = 69.991446
lonend = 17.760061
time = [datetime.utcnow(), datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(hours=12)]
o.seed_cone(lon=[lonstart, lonend], lat=[latstart, latend],
oil_type='EKOFISK', radius=[100, 800], number=10000, time=[time])
print(o)
/root/project/examples/example_cone.py:31: DeprecationWarning: datetime.datetime.utcnow() is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version. Use timezone-aware objects to represent datetimes in UTC: datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC).
time = [datetime.utcnow(), datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(hours=12)]
13:26:25 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_height: 0.000000
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: horizontal_diffusivity: 0.000000
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: EKOFISK
13:26:29 WARNING opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:90: Several oils found with name: EKOFISK: ['AD00328', 'AD00329', 'AD00332', 'AD00333', 'AD01944', 'AD02094', 'AD02463', 'AD02558', 'NO00013', 'NO00014', 'NO00015', 'NO00016'], using first.
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1731: Using density 809.002835 and viscosity 3.3498550728972226e-06 of oiltype EKOFISK
===========================
Model: OpenOil (OpenDrift version 1.14.10)
0 active Oil particles (0 deactivated, 10000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
horizontal_diffusivity
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_ice_area_fraction
sea_ice_x_velocity
sea_ice_y_velocity
sea_surface_height
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
sea_water_salinity
sea_water_temperature
upward_sea_water_velocity
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
Discarded readers:
===========================
Running model for 24 hours
o.run(steps=24*2, time_step=1800, time_step_output=3600)
13:26:29 INFO opendrift:1903: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
13:26:29 INFO opendrift:1914: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
13:26:29 INFO opendrift:1914: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
13:26:29 INFO opendrift:955: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
13:26:29 INFO opendrift:986: All points are in ocean
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:697: Oil-water surface tension is 0.027884 Nm
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:710: Max water fraction not available for EKOFISK, using default
13:26:29 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 13:26:25.413601 - step 1 of 48 - 417 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:26:29 INFO opendrift.readers:67: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
13:26:34 INFO opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:340: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
13:26:34 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
13:26:34 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
13:26:34 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
13:26:34 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:175: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
13:26:38 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 13:56:25.413601 - step 2 of 48 - 834 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:26:38 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 14:26:25.413601 - step 3 of 48 - 1250 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:26:40 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:26:40 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 14:56:25.413601 - step 4 of 48 - 1667 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:26:40 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:26:40 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 15:26:25.413601 - step 5 of 48 - 2084 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:26:42 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:26:42 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 15:56:25.413601 - step 6 of 48 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:26:42 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:26:42 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 16:26:25.413601 - step 7 of 48 - 2917 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:26:44 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:26:44 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 16:56:25.413601 - step 8 of 48 - 3334 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:26:44 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:26:44 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 17:26:25.413601 - step 9 of 48 - 3750 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:26:46 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:26:46 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 17:56:25.413601 - step 10 of 48 - 4167 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:26:46 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:26:46 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 18:26:25.413601 - step 11 of 48 - 4583 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:26:48 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:26:48 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 18:56:25.413601 - step 12 of 48 - 5000 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:26:48 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:26:48 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 19:26:25.413601 - step 13 of 48 - 5417 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:26:50 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:26:50 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 19:56:25.413601 - step 14 of 48 - 5833 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:26:50 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:26:51 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 20:26:25.413601 - step 15 of 48 - 6250 active elements (0 deactivated)
13:26:54 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:26:56 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 20:56:25.413601 - step 16 of 48 - 6664 active elements (3 deactivated)
13:26:56 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:26:56 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 21:26:25.413601 - step 17 of 48 - 7077 active elements (6 deactivated)
13:26:58 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:26:58 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 21:56:25.413601 - step 18 of 48 - 7489 active elements (11 deactivated)
13:26:58 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:26:59 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 22:26:25.413601 - step 19 of 48 - 7891 active elements (25 deactivated)
13:27:01 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:27:02 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 22:56:25.413601 - step 20 of 48 - 8301 active elements (32 deactivated)
13:27:02 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:27:02 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 23:26:25.413601 - step 21 of 48 - 8709 active elements (41 deactivated)
13:27:04 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:27:05 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-14 23:56:25.413601 - step 22 of 48 - 9120 active elements (46 deactivated)
13:27:05 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:27:05 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 00:26:25.413601 - step 23 of 48 - 9535 active elements (48 deactivated)
13:27:07 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:27:08 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 00:56:25.413601 - step 24 of 48 - 9950 active elements (50 deactivated)
13:27:08 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:27:08 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 01:26:25.413601 - step 25 of 48 - 9950 active elements (50 deactivated)
13:27:10 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:27:11 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 01:56:25.413601 - step 26 of 48 - 9950 active elements (50 deactivated)
13:27:11 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
13:27:11 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 02:26:25.413601 - step 27 of 48 - 9949 active elements (51 deactivated)
13:27:14 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 02:56:25.413601 - step 28 of 48 - 9945 active elements (55 deactivated)
13:27:14 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 03:26:25.413601 - step 29 of 48 - 9940 active elements (60 deactivated)
13:27:16 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 03:56:25.413601 - step 30 of 48 - 9923 active elements (77 deactivated)
13:27:17 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 04:26:25.413601 - step 31 of 48 - 9899 active elements (101 deactivated)
13:27:19 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 04:56:25.413601 - step 32 of 48 - 9875 active elements (125 deactivated)
13:27:20 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 05:26:25.413601 - step 33 of 48 - 9854 active elements (146 deactivated)
13:27:23 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 05:56:25.413601 - step 34 of 48 - 9841 active elements (159 deactivated)
13:27:23 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 06:26:25.413601 - step 35 of 48 - 9825 active elements (175 deactivated)
13:27:26 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 06:56:25.413601 - step 36 of 48 - 9813 active elements (187 deactivated)
13:27:26 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 07:26:25.413601 - step 37 of 48 - 9801 active elements (199 deactivated)
13:27:29 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 07:56:25.413601 - step 38 of 48 - 9791 active elements (209 deactivated)
13:27:29 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 08:26:25.413601 - step 39 of 48 - 9777 active elements (223 deactivated)
13:27:31 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 08:56:25.413601 - step 40 of 48 - 9769 active elements (231 deactivated)
13:27:32 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 09:26:25.413601 - step 41 of 48 - 9757 active elements (243 deactivated)
13:27:35 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 09:56:25.413601 - step 42 of 48 - 9739 active elements (261 deactivated)
13:27:35 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 10:26:25.413601 - step 43 of 48 - 9728 active elements (272 deactivated)
13:27:37 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 10:56:25.413601 - step 44 of 48 - 9719 active elements (281 deactivated)
13:27:38 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 11:26:25.413601 - step 45 of 48 - 9708 active elements (292 deactivated)
13:27:40 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 11:56:25.413601 - step 46 of 48 - 9699 active elements (301 deactivated)
13:27:40 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 12:26:25.413601 - step 47 of 48 - 9679 active elements (321 deactivated)
13:27:43 INFO opendrift:2211: 2026-07-15 12:56:25.413601 - step 48 of 48 - 9655 active elements (345 deactivated)
Print and plot results
print(o)
===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
global_landmask
0:00:01.4 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:01.4 reading
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
0:00:56.1 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:54.9 reading
0:00:04.1 interpolation
0:00:00.1 interpolation_time
0:00:01.1 rotating vectors
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
Performance:
1:18.3 total time
3.9 configuration
0.1 preparing main loop
0.0 moving elements to ocean
1:14.2 main loop
6.3 updating elements
0.0 oil weathering
0.0 updating viscosities
0.0 updating densities
0.0 emulsification
0.0 dispersion
5.6 vertical mixing
0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model: OpenOil (OpenDrift version 1.14.10)
9612 active Oil particles (388 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_surface_height
sea_water_salinity
sea_water_temperature
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
horizontal_diffusivity
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
sea_ice_area_fraction
sea_ice_x_velocity
sea_ice_y_velocity
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
Discarded readers:
Time:
Start: 2026-07-14 13:26:25.413601 UTC
Present: 2026-07-15 13:26:25.413601 UTC
Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
Output steps: 25 * 1:00:00
===========================
Add text label on the map
text = [{'s': 'Senja', 'x': 17.3, 'y': 69.3, 'fontsize': 20, 'color': 'g',
'backgroundcolor': 'white', 'bbox': dict(facecolor='white', alpha=0.8), 'zorder': 1000}]
o.animation(fast=False, ocean_color='skyblue', land_color='burlywood', text=text)
13:27:55 INFO opendrift:4795: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_cone_0.gif...
13:28:04 INFO opendrift:3215: Time to make animation: 0:00:20.253802
o.plot(fast=True, ocean_color='skyblue', land_color='dimgray', text=text)
13:28:04 WARNING opendrift:2587: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
(<GeoAxes: title={'center': 'OpenDrift - OpenOil (EKOFISK)\n2026-07-14 13:26 to 2026-07-15 13:26 UTC (25 steps)'}>, <Figure size 745.653x1100 with 1 Axes>)
Total running time of the script: (2 minutes 3.740 seconds)