Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
Cone seeding
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from opendrift.readers import reader_netCDF_CF_generic
from opendrift.models.openoil import OpenOil
o = OpenOil(loglevel=20) # Set loglevel to 0 for debug information
14:43:10 INFO opendrift:576: OpenDriftSimulation initialised (version 1.14.6 / v1.14.6-9-geaa6ee2)
Using live data from Thredds
o.add_readers_from_list([
'https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be'])
Adjusting some configuration
o.set_config('processes:dispersion', True)
o.set_config('processes:evaporation', False)
o.set_config('processes:emulsification', True)
Seed elements along cone, e.g. ship track with increasing uncertainty in position
latstart = 68.988911
lonstart = 16.040701
latend = 69.991446
lonend = 17.760061
time = [datetime.utcnow(), datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(hours=12)]
o.seed_cone(lon=[lonstart, lonend], lat=[latstart, latend],
oil_type='EKOFISK', radius=[100, 800], number=10000, time=[time])
print(o)
/root/project/examples/example_cone.py:31: DeprecationWarning: datetime.datetime.utcnow() is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version. Use timezone-aware objects to represent datetimes in UTC: datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC).
time = [datetime.utcnow(), datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(hours=12)]
14:43:10 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:203: Adding a global landmask from GSHHG
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:227: Fallback values will be used for the following variables which have no readers:
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_height: 0.000000
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: upward_sea_water_velocity: 0.000000
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_significant_height: 0.000000
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity: 0.000000
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity: 0.000000
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum: 0.000000
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment: 0.000000
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_area_fraction: 0.000000
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_x_velocity: 0.000000
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_ice_y_velocity: 0.000000
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_temperature: 10.000000
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_water_salinity: 34.000000
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level: 10000.000000
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_vertical_diffusivity: 0.020000
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.basemodel.environment:230: ocean_mixed_layer_thickness: 50.000000
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:86: Querying ADIOS database for oil: EKOFISK
14:43:15 WARNING opendrift.models.openoil.adios.dirjs:90: Several oils found with name: EKOFISK: ['AD00328', 'AD00329', 'AD00332', 'AD00333', 'AD01944', 'AD02094', 'AD02463', 'AD02558', 'NO00013', 'NO00014', 'NO00015', 'NO00016'], using first.
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:1717: Using density 809.002835 and viscosity 3.3498550728972226e-06 of oiltype EKOFISK
===========================
Model: OpenOil (OpenDrift version 1.14.6)
0 active Oil particles (0 deactivated, 10000 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_ice_area_fraction
sea_ice_x_velocity
sea_ice_y_velocity
sea_surface_height
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
sea_water_salinity
sea_water_temperature
upward_sea_water_velocity
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
---
Lazy readers:
LazyReader: https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
Discarded readers:
===========================
Running model for 24 hours
o.run(steps=24*2, time_step=1800, time_step_output=3600)
14:43:15 INFO opendrift:1794: Skipping environment variable upward_sea_water_velocity because of condition ['drift:vertical_advection', 'is', False]
14:43:15 INFO opendrift:1805: Storing previous values of element property lon because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:43:15 INFO opendrift:1805: Storing previous values of element property lat because of condition (('general:coastline_action', 'in', ['stranding', 'previous']), 'or', ('general:seafloor_action', 'in', ['previous']))
14:43:15 INFO opendrift:952: Using existing reader for land_binary_mask to move elements to ocean
14:43:15 INFO opendrift:982: All points are in ocean
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:692: Oil-water surface tension is 0.027884 Nm
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.models.openoil.openoil:705: Max water fraction not available for EKOFISK, using default
14:43:15 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 14:43:10.717678 - step 1 of 48 - 417 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:43:15 INFO opendrift.readers:63: Opening file with xr.open_dataset
14:43:18 INFO opendrift.readers.reader_netCDF_CF_generic:332: Detected dimensions: {'x': 'X', 'y': 'Y', 'z': 'depth', 'time': 'time'}
14:43:18 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from eastward_sea_water_velocity
14:43:18 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_sea_water_velocity will be rotated from northward_sea_water_velocity
14:43:18 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable x_wind will be rotated from eastward_wind
14:43:18 INFO opendrift.readers.basereader:176: Variable y_wind will be rotated from northward_wind
14:43:21 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 15:13:10.717678 - step 2 of 48 - 834 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:43:23 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 15:43:10.717678 - step 3 of 48 - 1250 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:43:23 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:23 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 16:13:10.717678 - step 4 of 48 - 1667 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:43:25 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:25 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 16:43:10.717678 - step 5 of 48 - 2084 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:43:25 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:26 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 17:13:10.717678 - step 6 of 48 - 2500 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:43:28 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:28 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 17:43:10.717678 - step 7 of 48 - 2917 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:43:28 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:28 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 18:13:10.717678 - step 8 of 48 - 3334 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:43:30 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:30 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 18:43:10.717678 - step 9 of 48 - 3750 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:43:30 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:31 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 19:13:10.717678 - step 10 of 48 - 4167 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:43:33 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:33 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 19:43:10.717678 - step 11 of 48 - 4583 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:43:33 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:33 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 20:13:10.717678 - step 12 of 48 - 5000 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:43:35 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:35 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 20:43:10.717678 - step 13 of 48 - 5417 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:43:35 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:36 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 21:13:10.717678 - step 14 of 48 - 5833 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:43:38 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:38 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 21:43:10.717678 - step 15 of 48 - 6250 active elements (0 deactivated)
14:43:40 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:42 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 22:13:10.717678 - step 16 of 48 - 6666 active elements (1 deactivated)
14:43:44 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:45 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 22:43:10.717678 - step 17 of 48 - 7079 active elements (4 deactivated)
14:43:45 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:45 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 23:13:10.717678 - step 18 of 48 - 7495 active elements (5 deactivated)
14:43:48 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:48 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-10 23:43:10.717678 - step 19 of 48 - 7909 active elements (7 deactivated)
14:43:48 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:48 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 00:13:10.717678 - step 20 of 48 - 8323 active elements (10 deactivated)
14:43:51 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:51 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 00:43:10.717678 - step 21 of 48 - 8735 active elements (15 deactivated)
14:43:51 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:51 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 01:13:10.717678 - step 22 of 48 - 9145 active elements (21 deactivated)
14:43:54 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:54 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 01:43:10.717678 - step 23 of 48 - 9557 active elements (26 deactivated)
14:43:54 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:55 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 02:13:10.717678 - step 24 of 48 - 9971 active elements (29 deactivated)
14:43:57 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:58 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 02:43:10.717678 - step 25 of 48 - 9968 active elements (32 deactivated)
14:43:58 WARNING opendrift.readers.basereader.structured:324: Data block from https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be not large enough to cover element positions within timestep. Buffer size (8) must be increased. See `Variables.set_buffer_size`.
14:43:59 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 03:13:10.717678 - step 26 of 48 - 9962 active elements (38 deactivated)
14:44:02 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 03:43:10.717678 - step 27 of 48 - 9960 active elements (40 deactivated)
14:44:02 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 04:13:10.717678 - step 28 of 48 - 9955 active elements (45 deactivated)
14:44:05 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 04:43:10.717678 - step 29 of 48 - 9950 active elements (50 deactivated)
14:44:05 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 05:13:10.717678 - step 30 of 48 - 9945 active elements (55 deactivated)
14:44:08 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 05:43:10.717678 - step 31 of 48 - 9936 active elements (64 deactivated)
14:44:09 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 06:13:10.717678 - step 32 of 48 - 9923 active elements (77 deactivated)
14:44:12 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 06:43:10.717678 - step 33 of 48 - 9914 active elements (86 deactivated)
14:44:12 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 07:13:10.717678 - step 34 of 48 - 9906 active elements (94 deactivated)
14:44:14 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 07:43:10.717678 - step 35 of 48 - 9895 active elements (105 deactivated)
14:44:15 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 08:13:10.717678 - step 36 of 48 - 9883 active elements (117 deactivated)
14:44:17 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 08:43:10.717678 - step 37 of 48 - 9869 active elements (131 deactivated)
14:44:18 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 09:13:10.717678 - step 38 of 48 - 9860 active elements (140 deactivated)
14:44:20 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 09:43:10.717678 - step 39 of 48 - 9851 active elements (149 deactivated)
14:44:21 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 10:13:10.717678 - step 40 of 48 - 9840 active elements (160 deactivated)
14:44:24 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 10:43:10.717678 - step 41 of 48 - 9830 active elements (170 deactivated)
14:44:25 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 11:13:10.717678 - step 42 of 48 - 9821 active elements (179 deactivated)
14:44:27 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 11:43:10.717678 - step 43 of 48 - 9814 active elements (186 deactivated)
14:44:28 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 12:13:10.717678 - step 44 of 48 - 9809 active elements (191 deactivated)
14:44:31 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 12:43:10.717678 - step 45 of 48 - 9804 active elements (196 deactivated)
14:44:31 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 13:13:10.717678 - step 46 of 48 - 9793 active elements (207 deactivated)
14:44:36 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 13:43:10.717678 - step 47 of 48 - 9784 active elements (216 deactivated)
14:44:36 INFO opendrift:2101: 2025-11-11 14:13:10.717678 - step 48 of 48 - 9772 active elements (228 deactivated)
Print and plot results
print(o)
===========================
--------------------
Reader performance:
--------------------
global_landmask
0:00:01.7 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:00:01.7 reading
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
0:01:06.7 total
0:00:00.0 preparing
0:01:05.5 reading
0:00:05.2 interpolation
0:00:00.1 interpolation_time
0:00:01.1 rotating vectors
0:00:00.0 masking
--------------------
Performance:
1:28.8 total time
4.4 configuration
0.0 preparing main loop
0.0 moving elements to ocean
1:24.3 main loop
7.5 updating elements
0.0 oil weathering
0.0 updating viscosities
0.0 updating densities
0.0 emulsification
0.0 dispersion
6.7 vertical mixing
0.0 cleaning up
--------------------
===========================
Model: OpenOil (OpenDrift version 1.14.6)
9756 active Oil particles (244 deactivated, 0 scheduled)
-------------------
Environment variables:
-----
land_binary_mask
1) global_landmask
-----
ocean_vertical_diffusivity
sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level
sea_surface_height
sea_water_salinity
sea_water_temperature
x_sea_water_velocity
x_wind
y_sea_water_velocity
y_wind
1) https://thredds.met.no/thredds/dodsC/fou-hi/norkystv3_800m_m00_be
-----
Readers not added for the following variables:
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness
sea_ice_area_fraction
sea_ice_x_velocity
sea_ice_y_velocity
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
sea_surface_wave_significant_height
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_x_velocity
sea_surface_wave_stokes_drift_y_velocity
Discarded readers:
Time:
Start: 2025-11-10 14:43:10.717678 UTC
Present: 2025-11-11 14:43:10.717678 UTC
Calculation steps: 48 * 0:30:00 - total time: 1 day, 0:00:00
Output steps: 25 * 1:00:00
===========================
Add text label on the map
text = [{'s': 'Senja', 'x': 17.3, 'y': 69.3, 'fontsize': 20, 'color': 'g',
'backgroundcolor': 'white', 'bbox': dict(facecolor='white', alpha=0.8), 'zorder': 1000}]
o.animation(fast=False, ocean_color='skyblue', land_color='burlywood', text=text)
14:44:51 INFO opendrift:4636: Saving animation to /root/project/docs/source/gallery/animations/example_cone_0.gif...
14:45:07 INFO opendrift:3071: Time to make animation: 0:00:27.913814
o.plot(fast=True, ocean_color='skyblue', land_color='dimgray', text=text)
14:45:07 WARNING opendrift:2460: Plotting fast. This will make your plots less accurate.
(<GeoAxes: title={'center': 'OpenDrift - OpenOil (EKOFISK)\n2025-11-10 14:43 to 2025-11-11 14:43 UTC (25 steps)'}>, <Figure size 739.944x1100 with 1 Axes>)
Total running time of the script: (2 minutes 24.347 seconds)